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(Mtyp) Manitoba Theatre for Young People Running head: (MTYP) MANITOBA THEATRE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE An Inquiry into the History of the Manitoba Theatre for Young People: Its Role and Impact on Education in Manitoba Joy Beauchamp A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Education Department of Curriculum, Teaching and Leaming University of Manitoba December 2004 @ Copyright by Joy Beauchamp 2004 THE UM\iERSITY OF MA,NITOBA FACULTY OF GRÄDUATE STUDMS COPYRIGHT PERMISSION PAGE An Inquiry into the History of the Manitoba Theatre for Young Peoplel Its Role and Impact on Education in Manitoba BY Joy Beauchamp A ThesisÆracticum submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfiIlment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION JOY BEAUCIIÄMP @2004 Permission has been granted to the Library ofThe University of Manitoba to lend or sell copies of this thesis/practicum, to the National Library of Canada to microfilm this thesis and to lend or sell copies of the film, and to University Microfìlm Inc, to publish an âbstract 0f this thesis/practicum. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither this thesis/practicum nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced \v¡thout the author's Ìyritten permission, Table of Contents List ofTables .......... vii Acknowledgnents ...... .........viii Abstract ........ ix Chapter 1: lntroduction and Overview ..........1 Setting the Context .........1 Purpose ofthe Study . 3 A Historical Inquiry Approach . ..........3 Delimitations ............4 Definitions .......6 Chapter 2: The Literature Review ... ..........8 Manitoba's 'Young' Theatre . .......13 The Changing View of the Child and Development in Children's Theatre . 19 Charles Darwin ..... 19 Edmond Holmes . ......21 Jean Piaget ........22 Richard Courtney ...... .....22 Theatre in Education . ' . 27 Peter Slade ........28 Brian Way ........30 Collective Creations .........32 Augusto Boal ...."32 l Viola Spolin .......37 Nellie McCaslin .....41 Dorothy Heathcote .... ...,,..42 Chapter 3: Research Method and Procedures ...........44 Definition of Historical Event Under Study . ...........46 Sources ofData ...........46 Sampling Techniques . ............47 Data Collection Methods . ..........47 Data Collection and Analysis of Data . ........50 Qualitative Standards in Research Design .... ..........54 Researcher Bias ............54 ExtemalValidityandGeneralization ............55 Triangulation and Reliability ..........56 Limitations of Methodology ...........57 Chapter 4: Results of the Study . ............59 Newspaper Articles ... ............60 Findings from the Newspaper Articles . .. .68 Interviews .......78 Tony Frost .........80 Early Training and Theahe Experience ............80 The Role of Wiruripeg to the Theatre's Development . 81 The Role ofthe Theatre School to Actors' Showcase .........85 The Philosophy/Goals of the Theatre School and Theatre School Classes . ...,...86 The Role ofTouring ...........88 The Scripts/Shows Chosen or Developed and the Evaluation ofAudience Response .. ......88 The Role of the Media . ........91 The Role ofFundraising and Boards .... ..........92 The Impofance of Children's Theatre to Tony's Career . 93 The Importance of Children's Theatre and Actors' Showcase's Role in that Broader Sense ......94 Leslee Silverman ...........94 Early Training and Theatre Experience . .......,,94 The Role of Winnipeg to the Theatre's Development . 97 The Philosophy/Goals ofthe Theatre School and the Theatre School Classes . .......99 The Role of Touring . ......101 The Scripts/Shows Chosen or Developed and the Evaluation ofAudience Response .. .....102 TheRoleoftheMedia . .......107 The Role ofFundraising and Board ...... 108 The Importance of Children's Theatre to Leslee's Career . ,112 The Importance of Children's Theatre and MTYP's Role in Children's Theatre ......114 Summary ......114 Chapter 5: The Role of the Manitoba Theatre for Young People ..... ......121 Summary of Findings . .121 Conclusions .....124 Suggestions for Further Research ... ........128 References ......I32 Appendix A - List of Website Addresses Checked for Research Studies on Children's Theatre in Canada ..........137 Appendix B - Copy ofConsent Form Signed by Interviewees . .....138 Appendix C - Bibliographical and Critique lnformation Regarding MTYP Productions from 1982 and On . 141 List ofTables Table I List ofGeneral Interview Questions Given to Interviewees Table 2 MTYP Productions from 1982 on: Record of Reviews and Reproductions Table 3 MTYP Shows Produced More than Once Table 4 Select Publications: A Survey of the History of MTYP from 1985 On Table 5 Select Artifacts: History of MTYP Table 6 Emerging Themes from lnterviews Table 7 Timeline of Important Events of Actors Showcase/IVITYP vll Acknowledgements Tkoughout this project I have been very mindful and appreciative of the time and thoroughness of my advisor Dr. Francine Morin, and my committee members, Dr. Peter Spencer and Dr. Doug Arrell. I am also very grateful to Tony Frost and Leslee Silverman for their willingness to participate in the interview process, and very thankful to all of the staff at MTYP who made my time there both so informative and pleasant. Lastly, I would like to thank Louisa Ryz for all of her care and time spent on the thesis, my husband Robert for his confidence in the project, and all of my family members, especially my children lain, Thomas, and Erin Beau for their patience and generous support. I believe in the importance of drama education experiences to build insight and empathy in our students and in theatre as an art form. I have spent countless hours working with young people both in the classroom and in the rehearsal hall in my role as drama teacher at St. Mary's Academy. I am a firm believer that the aesthetic education of our young people is of utmost importance to a well-rounded education and that children's theatre is both an introduction to a beautifrrl art form, as well as an important oppofunity to mirror a child's reality to the audience, whether they be children or adults, and invite reflection and reaction to that minoring, for that is what theahe at its finest, is meant to do. v l Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the history of the Manitoba Theatre for Young People (MT\?) and the kends in children's theatre that may have influenced the company. Furthermore, the study investigates the philosophies guiding MTYP and educational impact it has had on Manitoba students through their participation in theatre classes, tours ofshows, and attendance at sho\rys. The leadership styles ofthe founder, former and current artistic directors were also discerned. A historical inquiry method was employed which involved collecting data from key informants and historical documents and artifacts. Two indepth interviews were conducted, as well as content analyses ofdocuments. Data were analyzed via a qualitative approach. The researcher hypothesized that there would be a mirroring effect or link between the history of MTYP and its development ofchild centred theatre experience, and the major historical shifts in the perception, delivery and training in children's theatre in the 20'h century in England and North America. As well, the researcher theorized that the existence of MTYP has had a positive effect on the education of Manitoba students. MTYP 1 Chapter I: Introduction and Overview Over the last sixty years many factors have influenced theatre experiences for children and youth. This study, a historical inquiry, traced the history ofthe Manitoba Theatre for Young People (MTYP) and its role and impact on education in Manitoba. As the study is a qualitative study, a working hypothesis was used. The working hypotheses of the study is that MTYP's history has many elements that mirror trends in children's theatre in the twentieth century and that MTYP, as a result of its formation, has evolved into a theatre which serves in a role that contributes significantly to education in Mânitoba. Seuíng the Context Reconstructing MTYP's history was an interesting task. The lack of previously published studies, while perhaps problematic, lelded an unusual research opportunity. Since MTYP's history had not been studied in this manner before, the student researcher was free to interpret primary source materials without the influence of former bias. In addition, the second and third Afistic Directors were still living in Winnipeg, and were able to contribute to the study through interviews. Theatre arts training and the use and creation of drama in education experiences for students have been examined and experimented with the world over. During the past sixty years, since World War II, the goveming philosophies of children's theahe groups have also experienced great change as the view of the child as a consumer ofaesthetic experience has evolved. No longer are children viewed as an audience to dismiss, rather the rights ofthe child as an arts consumer have led to a more respectful, challenging MTYP 2 theatre experience. Leslee Silverman took over the artistic direction of the Manitoba Theatre for Young People, formerly known as Actors' Showcase, in 1982. Her vision of children's theatre sharply contrasted with the fairy-tale theatre productions ofActors' Showcase. As a former student of the Manitoba Theatre Centre's Workshop program, Silverman wâs greatly influenced by Manitoba Theatre Centre (MTC) founder John Hirsch, who shared
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