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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Djibouti Food Security Update, December 2005
Alert Status DJIBOUTI NO ALERT FOOD SECURITY UPDATE WATCH WARNINGWARNIING December 2005 EMERGENCY CONTENTS Page SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS Summary and implications…………1 The delayed onset of the Heys/Dada rains seriously threatens regeneration of pasture and water catchments Seasonal timeline…………………...1 in coastal dry season grazing areas. Milk production and livestock sales are far below seasonal average levels. Continuation of the drought is reportedly worsening food insecurity in the pastoral population Current hazard summary…………...1 through curtailing sharply access to both food and income. Though the current WFP Emergency Operation Food security summary ……………1 (EMOP) covers the food deficits for 47,500 people in pastoral livelihood zones, it is scheduled to end in Natural resources situation .............. 2 March 2006. There is a strong probability that the food security situation among pastoralists will deteriorate in the coming months, with a resulting increase in the drought-affected population by 30-40% (around Urban food and livelihood security.. 2 66,000 people). A multi-agency evaluation mission is necessary towards the end of January 2006, to Seasonal assessment determine the level of assistance required through mid-2006. In addition to the drought, wild predators and Central pastoral zone……………….3 extreme cold temperatures are reportedly seriously reducing the remaining weakened herds. Reflecting the livelihood crisis facing pastoralists, a rural exodus is visible in the suburbs of Djibouti City as well as the Southeast pastoral zone…………….3 interior urban areas (Obock, Dikhil, Aseyla and Alisabieh), which was further confirmed by local Northwest pastoral zone……………4 authorities. Rising kerosene prices are fueling environmental degradation due to intensive production of firewood/charcoal. -
The Project for Improvement of Road Management Equipment in the Republic of Djibouti
Road Department Ministry of Equipment and Transport The Republic of Djibouti THE PROJECT FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ROAD MANAGEMENT EQUIPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT February 2016 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. EI CR(2) 15-218 PREFACE Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) decided to conduct the preparatory survey and entrust the survey to Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. The survey team held a series of discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Republic of the Djibouti, and conducted field investigations. As a result of further studies in Japan, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of Djibouti for their close cooperation extended to the survey team. February, 2016 Akira NAKAMURA Director General, Economic Infrastructure Department Japan International Cooperation Agency SUMMARY ① Country Overview The Republic of Djibouti (herein after referred to as Djibouti) is a small country covering an area of 23,200 square kilometers (approx. 1.3 times the Shikoku Island area) with a population of 900,000 (2012, UNFPA). While it is strategically situated for marine transportation connecting Europe with the Middle East and Asia through the Red Sea and is also geopolitically critically located as a gateway to inland East Africa connecting Africa and the Middle East coastal countries, it has maintained political stability, which is a factor of stability of African Corner. -
General Assembly the Report of the United !1Ations L-Jission to Observe the R"R"Rendum and Raeetions in French Somaliland (Djibouti)
NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAl:, A/32/107 '6~.1 ~Pr&.<Q,\ ASSEMBLY 15 June 1977 ENGLISH ORIGI'JAL, ENGLIS'i/FRElICH Thirty-·second session Iter; 24 of the pr"liDinary list"" njp!:'nlEi'JTA'1'IO~1 OF TIe DECLARATION ON TET: GRMTIlTG OF I"mFPEIWl';UCE ''1'0 COLONIAL COUNTRIES A"ID PEOPLES 0uestion of French Somaliland The Secretary~General has th~ honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the report of the United !1ations l-Jission to Observe the R"r"rendum and raeetions in French Somaliland (Djibouti). A/32/50/Rev.1. 77--11929 I. .. A/32/101 English Page 2 R3PORT OF T'1E UNITED !lATIOES MISSION TO OBSERVE THE RI:FEREEDUH AND ELECTIOlTS HT FREnCE SO!lALILAJ'TD (DJIBOUTI) CO!TTE!TTS Parap;raphs Page LETTER OF TRJ\lTSllIITAL . 5 I. INTRODUCTION 1 - 15 6 A. Nandate of the Mission 1 - 2 6 B. Consultations in lTew York 4 - I 9 C. Itinerary .. 8 10 D. Meeting with the OAU Assistant Secretary-General for Political Affairs ..•.•............ 9 - 10 10 E. Meetings with representatives of the Governments of Ethiopia and Somalia 11- 13 10 F. Acknowledgements 14 - 15 11 11. GENERAL INFOR1~~TION ON THE TERRITORY 16 - 66 12 A. Description of the Territory 16 -11 12 B. PopuJ!ation 18 _. 22 12 c. Government and administration 23 - 50 13 D. Political organizations ... 51 - 60 18 E~ French military presence and the strategic importance of the Territory ... .. .. ... 61 - 66 20 Ill. QUESTION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE TERRITORY 61 - 121 22 A. -
Djibouti 2012 Myr.Pdf (English)
SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS AARREC CRS Horn Relief MDM SUDO ACF CWS HT MEDAIR TEAR FUND ACTED DanChurchAid Humedica MENTOR TGH ADRA DDG IA MERLIN UMCOR Africare Diakonie Emerg. ILO Muslim Aid UNAIDS AMI-France Aid IMC NCA UNDP ARC DRC INTERMON NPA UNDSS ASB EM-DH Internews NRC UNEP ASI FAO INTERSOS OCHA UNESCO AVSI FAR IOM OHCHR UNFPA CARE FHI IPHD OXFAM UN-HABITAT CARITAS FinnChurchAid IR PA UNHCR CEMIR FSD IRC PACT UNICEF International GAA IRD PAI UNWOMEN CESVI GOAL IRIN Plan UNMAS CFA GTZ IRW PMU-I UNOPS CHF GVC Islamic Relief Première UNRWA CHFI Handicap JOIN Urgence/AMI VIS CISV International JRS RC/Germany WFP CMA HealthNet TPO LWF RCO WHO CONCERN HELP Malaria Samaritan's Purse World Concern COOPI HelpAge Consortium Save the Children World Relief International CORDAID Malteser SECADEV WV HKI COSV Mercy Corps Solidarités ZOA MDA DJIBOUTI CAP MID-YEAR REVIEW 2012 iii Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 1 TABLE I. REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER CLUSTER ................................................................ 6 TABLE II. REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER PRIORITY LEVEL ...................................................... 7 TABLE III. REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER ORGANIZATION ..................................................... 8 2. CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT, HUMANITARIAN NEEDS, AND RESPONSE ................................ 9 2.1 CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT ........................................................................................................... -
Flash Appeal Total Population People in Need People Targeted Requirements # Humanitarian of Djibouti (Us$) Partners
DECEMBER 2019 - MARCH 2020 FLASH 2019-2020 APPEAL DECEMBER 2019 - MARCH 2020 DJIBOUTI 01 DJIBOUTI FLASH APPEAL TOTAL POPULATION PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS # HUMANITARIAN OF DJIBOUTI (US$) PARTNERS 960K 150K 150K 14.3M 13 Alaili Dadda OBOCK Dorra Obock TADJOURAH Randa Balha 2 Tadjourah DJIBOUTI YobokiI ARTA DILKHIL ALI SABEH Dilkhil Ali Sabeh As Eyla This document is produced by the office of the United Nations Resident Coordinator for Djibouti on behalf of humanitarian partners in support of the Government of Djibouti’s national emergency response plan. It covers the period from December 2019 to March 2020 and is issued on 11 December 2019. The Government will lead a Post Disaster Needs Assessment that will guide the longer-term resilience and development programmes needed to support Djibouti to recover from the effects of the floods. DECEMBER 2019 - MARCH 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE FLASH APPEAL AT A GLANCE 04 OVERVIEW OF THE CRISIS 05 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 07 OPERATIONAL CAPACITY AND ACCESS 08 SECTOR RESPONSE STRATEGY 09 HEALTH AND NUTRITION 10 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE 12 3 EDUCATION 14 MULTISECTORAL: FOOD SECURITY & LIVELIHOOD; NON-FOOD ITEMS & SHELTER 16 COORDINATION 19 DJIBOUTI FLASH APPEAL THE FLASH APPEAL AT A GLANCE PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED BY SECTOR NUMBER OF PARTNERS PEOPLE IN NEED 150K 150K People in need People targeted 135K INGOs 120K 120K 2 150k 113K 13 NNGOs 3 8 UN 72K partners PEOPLE TARGETED 58K 58K 20K 150k 13K 13K Health & Food security & WASH NFIs Shelter Education REQUIREMENTS Nutrition livelihoods -
CEWARN Baseline Report
Baseline Study for Dikhil Cluster The Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) in the Inter Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Region CEWARN Baseline Report Dikhil Region, DJIBOUTI Ilmi Awale Elabe Country Coordinator National Inistitute Research for Djibouti Djibouti November 2007 1 Baseline Study for Dikhil Cluster 1. Executive Summary « The pastoral societies are the ones organized around the rationalization of the meager resources available in their environment. This shortage management explains some of the characteristics that are generally attributed to the pastoralists such as their exceptional survival and adaptation capacity, the austerity of their way of life and their sophisticated system of solidarity with a view to compensate for the hostility of the environment and the economic precariousness. Practicing nomadism, more or less spread out according to their area of transhumance, the pastoralists are, due to this, brought often to encounter situations of conflict with the other rival groups enticed by the same resources: water and pastures. This is one of the reasons why pastoral societies are generally warriors who overvalue the use of war and prepare to the arts of fighting. However, contrary to the generally accepted idea, warrior societies are not necessarily societies of violence neither are they anarchic ones. The cliché of the hordes with neither faith nor law is a sad fabrication of the ethnological literature to justify the deeds of the colonizer obsessed by the institution of colonial order and incapable of understanding a society structured differently from his. On the contrary, warrior societies are among societies who have developed more methods of prevention and resolution of conflicts. -
The Preparatory Survey on the Rural Water Supply Project in Southern Djibouti
Republic of Djibouti Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fishery and in charge of Water Resources (MAEM-RH) THE PREPARATORY SURVEY ON THE RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN SOUTHERN DJIBOUTI PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT March, 2011 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. GED OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION JR 11-041 Republic of Djibouti Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fishery and in charge of Water Resources (MAEM-RH) THE PREPARATORY SURVEY ON THE RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN SOUTHERN DJIBOUTI PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT March, 2011 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION PREFACE Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) decided to conduct the preparatory survey on the Rural Water Supply Project in Republic of Djibouti, and organized a survey team headed by Mr.Toru Yoritate of Oriental Consultants Co.,Ltd. and consist of Oyo International between January, 2010 to March, 2011. The survey team held a series of discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fishery and in charge of Natural Resources (MAEM-RH), and conducted a field investigations. As a result of further studies in Japan, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of MAEM-RH for their close cooperation extended to the survey team. March, 2011 Mr. Shinya EJIMA Director General, Global Environment Department Japan International Cooperation Agency The Preparatory Survey on the Rural Water Supply Project in Southern Djibouti in the Republic of Djibouti Summary (1) Description of Country The Republic of Djibouti, hereinafter Djibouti, is located in the northeast of the African continent, between the Aden Gulf and the Red Sea. -
Annex-9 Social Condition Survey
Annex-9 Social Condition Survey A9-1 Survey Contents Based on the initial/additional request from the Djibouti government, settlements accessible by car (shown in Table A9-1) were chosen for the social situation survey. Table A9-1 List of Social Situation Survey No. Province Settlement Initial Request (MM) Additional Request 1 Unda Yaggouri ● 2 Unda Yaggouri(2) ● 3 As-Eyla ● 5 Gaali Hatayata ● 6 Blan Bale ● 7 Sankal ● 8 Zina Male ● 9 Dikhil Kouta Bouya ● 10 Daguiro ● 12 Garafi ● 13 Hombola ● 15 Sek Sabir ● 16 Assa Koma ● 17 Mindil ● 18 Afkha Arraba ● 21 Hambocta ● 22 Guelile ● 23 Midgan ● 24 Hol Hol(Digri) ● 25 Ali-Sabieh Assamo ● 26 Doussagoud Moune ● 27 Ali Adde ● 29 Midgarra ● 30 Ouarabalei ● 31 Hilbahey ● 32 Arta Petit Bara ● 33 PK30 ● In each settlement shown above, there are several camps and a settlement leader who represents all the camps. The Survey Team visited the camp where the settlement leader resides. Furthermore, the Survey Team visited surrounding camp(s) that were accessible by car. In each camp, a questionnaire survey was given to the settlement leader (camp leader) (+ its committee), female residents and households. A9-2 Survey Results In order to evaluate the potential ability to conduct water supply facility O&M (operation and maintenance), items such as the existing type of water source that inhabitants are using, situation of illness due to unclean water, distance to water source, and water consumption rate per day were included in the questionnaire. Furthermore, experience in participating in a water management committee or women’s association, willingness to pay for water and at what amount were also included. -
1 Election Observation Mission of the African Union
AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO AFRICANA Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA P. O. Box 3243 Telephone: 011-551 7700 Fax: 011-551 7844 website: www.au.int ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION OF THE AFRICAN UNION TO THE LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS OF 23 FEBRUARY 2018 IN THE REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI ARRIVAL STATEMENT Djibouti, February 17, 2018 – H. E Mr. Moussa Faki Mahamat, Chairperson of the African Union Commission (AUC) has sent an AU Election Observation Mission to the legislative elections of February 23, 2018 in the Republic of Djibouti. The Election Observation Mission of the African Union is led by His Excellency Mr. Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, former Prime Minister of the Central African Republic. The Mission has 38 members. It is composed of Ambassadors accredited to the African Union in Addis Ababa, Pan-African Parliamentarians, Heads of institutions in charge of elections and members of organizations of the African Civil Society. The observers, members of this Mission, are drawn from 22 African countries, including: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Mauritania, Central African Republic, Republic Democratic Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Chad, Togo and Tunisia. The AU mission is expected to observe the electoral process under way in Djibouti, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance, which entered into force on 15 February 2012, the Declaration of OAU / AU on Principles Governing Democratic Elections in Africa AHG / Decl.1 (XXXVIII) and AU Guidelines for Election Observation and Monitoring Missions as well as the Constitution and Laws of the Republic of Djibouti. -
The Data Collection Survey for Djibouti Corridor Final Report
REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA THE REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN THE DATA COLLECTION SURVEY FOR DJIBOUTI CORRIDOR FINAL REPORT JANUARY 2018 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. ET PADECO CO., LTD. JR 17-002 REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA THE REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN THE DATA COLLECTION SURVEY FOR DJIBOUTI CORRIDOR FINAL REPORT JANUARY 2018 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. ET PADECO CO., LTD. JR 17-002 Survey Target Countries Port Sudan Sudan Red Sea Djibouti South Sudan Note: Border Undefined Area Ethiopia Note: Border Undefined Area Tadjourah Port Djibouti Port Djibouti Map (enlarged) Africa Region Map Map Sources: Survey Target Countries: JICA Survey Team Africa Region Map: World Factbook, CIA Djibouti Map: National Online Project RECs Location Map: JICA Survey Team Concerned RECs Location Map Survey Target Region Map Photos (1/9) Official Meetings Meeting with Ministry of Equipment and Transport, Djibouti Meeting with IGAD Trade, Industry and Tourism Program (2017, Mar. 19) Manager, Djibouti (2017, Mar. 20) Meeting with Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Djibouti Meeting with Ministry of Economy and Finance Director of (2017, Mar. 21) Economy, Djibouti (2017, Mar. 20) Meeting with Djibouti Customs and Indirect Tax, Djibouti Meeting with Secretary General of Ministry of Equipment and (2017, May 23) Transport, Djibouti (2017, May 22) Photos (2/9) Official Meetings Meeting with National Planning Commission, Ethiopia Meeting with Ministry of urban Development and Housing, (2017, Apr. 7) Bureau Head, Urban Planning, Ethiopia (2017, Apr. -
The Republic of Djibouti the Master Plan Study for Sustainable Irrigation and Farming in Southern Djibouti Final Report
REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, WATER, FISHERIES, LIVESTOCK AND MARINE RESOURCES THE REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI THE MASTER PLAN STUDY FOR SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION AND FARMING IN SOUTHERN DJIBOUTI FINAL REPORT DECEMBER 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) NTC INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. RD JR 14-104 The Master Plan Study for Sustainable Irrigation and Farming in Southern Djibouti Final Report The Master Plan Study for Sustainable Irrigation and Farming in Southern Djibouti Location Map of the Study Area ELITORIA ETHIOPIA Alaili Dadda Dorra Obock Randa Tadjoura ASSAL Lake Djibouti Arta Yoboki Damerdjog Arta Region Dikhil Region PP1 Holhol Ali Sabieh Region PP2 Dikhil Ali Sabieh Ali Adde PP3 As Ela 0 10 20 30 km SOMALIA Legends :Capital City :Study Area :Regional Capital City PP1 :Pilot Project Site :Local City (Kourtimalei site) :National Road PP2 :Pilot Project Site Djibouti (Hambokto site) :Local Road PP3 :Pilot Project Site :Wadi (Afka Arraba site) P-1 The Master Plan Study for Sustainable Irrigation and Farming in Southern Djibouti Final Report Present Situation of the Study Area Afka Arraba Catchment Area in Dikhil Region Vicinity of Holhol in Ali Sabieh Region Surface Water Flowing into the Kourtimalei Surface Irrigation in an Existing Farm Pond from the Catchment Area in Flood (2nd May 2014) Baseline Survey Market in Djibouti City P-2 The Master Plan Study for Sustainable Irrigation and Farming in Southern Djibouti Final Report Pilot Farm Pilot Farm in Kourtimalei (April 2014) Pilot Farm in Hambokto (April 2024) Pilot