Fluminicola Virens) Class: Gastropoda Order: Neotaenioglossa
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank Phylum: Mollusca Lithoglyphus virens (=Fluminicola virens) Class: Gastropoda Order: Neotaenioglossa Giant Columbia River spire shell (Lea, 1838) Family: Hydrobiidae Description Size—to 11mm long (Clarke 1981); illustrated 1929)), and also in Bulimidae (also as specimen (Columbia River) 7.5 mm. Fluminicola (Ward and Whipple 1966)). The Color—“virens” = green; periostracum present family designation is by Taylor 1966. chestnut brown to yellowish brown or olive One species of the genus, (Fluminicola) green. With or without dark collabral or spiral seminalis, is found far inland, in the Steens bands (Clarke 1981) (this specimen without, Mountain and Klamath Falls areas of Oregon fig. 1). Interior white. (Henderson 1929). Another, F. nuttalliana Shell Shape—thick, solid, ovate, imperforate; Lea, now considered a species synonym 4 to 5 inflated whorls, nuclear whorl flatly (Clarke 1981), was formerly differentiated coiled, then decurrent (turning down). because of its more cylindrical, less inflated Early coils often corroded (fig. 1); following shape (Henderson 1929). L. columbiania whorls enlarge rapidly, are convex and Hemphill (Pilsbry, 1899) is a dark species, separated by deep sutures. Body whorl large once found in the Columbia River to its and constitutes most of shell (fig. 1). mouth, and now only at Hanford, in a last bit Sculpture—coarse growth rests, fine of free-flowing river. It was listed as an collabral lines, obscure spiral striation (fig. 1). endangered species in 1976 (Clarke 1976). Aperture—subcircular; rounded below, acute Lithoglyphus hindsi (Baird, 1863) is also a above. Simple lip; thickened peristome synonym for L. virens, being simply an older reflexed over columella region, obscuring name (Clarke 1981). umbilicus (fig. 1); sometimes exposing a tiny slit (Clarke 1981) (not in this specimen). Ecological Information Operculum—thin, pale brown; almost Range—Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Washington transparent in this specimen (fig. 3); and Oregon. Kootenay, Wigwam and corneous, paucispiral (only three turns) Columbia Rivers of British Columbia (Clarke (Clarke 1981). Strong radial wrinkles, fine 1981). spiral lines. Local Distribution—Columbia, Siuslaw Radula—with 7 teeth (2-1-1-2), each with Rivers (Clarke 1981); N. Umpqua at many cusps (Clarke 1981) (not shown). Winchester Bay; mouth of Deschutes River; Animal—tentacles long, cylindrical; gills Yaquina River at Eddyville; Santiam River internal; male with external winged verge (Henderson 1929). behind right tentacle (Clarke 1981) (not Habitat—on and under rocks and among shown). vegetation in large and medium lakes, rivers, Eggs—round or oval, attached singly to creeks; in rapid to slow currents (Clarke stones or vegetation; family Hydrobiidae 1981). (Clarke 1981) (eggs not shown). Salinity—considered a freshwater species, it is found in lower reaches of Oregon's rivers. Possible Misidentifications Temperature— Lithoglyphus spp., known until recently as Tidal Level— Fluminicola, doesn't seem to have any close Associates— relative or obviously similar associates. Its family, the Hydrobiidae, or spire shells, is Quantitative Information worldwide, and may be marine, brackish or Weight— freshwater (Clarke 1981). The genus has Abundance— formerly been placed in the family Amnicolidae (as Fluminicola (Henderson Digitized 2012 – Last Updated 1988– E-mail corrections to [email protected] Life History Information Reproduction—dioecious (separate sexes); lays eggs which are attached singly to stones or to vegetation (Clarke 1981). Growth Rate— Longevity— Food— Predators— Behavior— Bibliography 1. CLARKE, A. H. 1976. Endangered freshwater mollusks of northwestern North America. Bulletin of the American Malacological Union. 43:18- 19. 2. ——. 1981. The freshwater molluscs of Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. 3. HENDERSON, J. 1929. Non-marine Mollusca of Oregon and Washington. [University of Colorado], Boulder, Colo. 4. TAYLOR, D. W. 1966. Summary of North American Blancan nonmarine mollusks. Malacologia. 4:1-172. 5. WARD, H. B., and G. C. WHIPPLE. 1963. Fresh-Water Biology. John Wiley & Sons; New York. Digitized 2012 – Last Updated 1988– E-mail corrections to [email protected] Digitized 2012 – Last Updated 1988– E-mail corrections to [email protected] .