Bluesphere Advisors LLC Form ADV Part 2A – Disclosure Brochure

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more

Bluesphere Advisors LLC Form ADV Part 2A – Disclosure Brochure Effective: March 30, 2021 This Form ADV 2A (“Disclosure Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Bluesphere Advisors LLC (“Bluesphere” or the “Advisor”). If you have any questions about the content of this Disclosure Brochure, please contact the Advisor at (610) 277-1515 or by email at [email protected]. Bluesphere is a registered investment advisor with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information in this Disclosure Brochure has not been approved or verified by the SEC or by any state securities authority. Registration of an investment advisor does not imply any specific level of skill or training. This Disclosure Brochure provides information to assist you in determining whether to retain the Advisor. Additional information about Bluesphere and its Advisory Persons is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching with the Advisor’s firm name or CRD# 283972. Bluesphere Advisors LLC 2108 Dekalb Pike, East Norriton, PA 19401 Phone: (610) 277-1515 | http://www.bluesphereadvisors.com Item 2 – Material Changes Bluesphere believes that communication and transparency are the foundation of its relationship with clients and will continually strive to provide you with complete and accurate information at all times. Bluesphere encourages all current and prospective clients to read this Disclosure Brochure and discuss any questions you may have with the Advisor. Material Changes The following material changes have been made to this Disclosure Brochure since the last filing and distribution to Clients: • The Advisor no longer offers a Wrap Program to Clients. Please see Item 4.D for additional information. The Advisor has also removed the Appendix 1 ("Wrap Fee Program Brochure") from this Disclosure Brochure. • The Advisor has amended the fee range as identified in Item 5 of this Disclosure Brochure. • The Advisor has begun recommending TD Ameritrade Institutional program (“TD Ameritrade”), to Clients for the custody of their account[s]. Please see Items 12 and 14 for additional information. • The Advisor no longer offers performance based fees to Clients. Please see Item 6 for this update. Future Changes From time to time, the Advisor may amend this Disclosure Brochure to reflect changes in business practices, changes in regulations or routine annual updates as required by the securities regulators. This complete Disclosure Brochure or a Summary of Material Changes shall be provided to you annually and if a material change occurs in the business practices of Bluesphere. You may view the current Disclosure Brochure on-line at the SEC’s Investment Adviser Public Disclosure website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching with the Advisor’s firm name or CRD# 283972. You may also request a copy of this Disclosure Brochure at any time, by contacting the Advisor at (610) 277-1515 or by email at [email protected]. Bluesphere Advisors LLC 2 2108 Dekalb Pike, East Norriton, PA 19401 Phone: (610) 277-1515 | http://www.bluesphereadvisors.com Item 3 – Table of Contents Item 1 – Cover Page ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Item 2 – Material Changes ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Item 3 – Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Item 4 – Advisory Services..................................................................................................................................... 4 A. Firm Information ..............................................................................................................................................................4 B. Advisory Services Offered ...............................................................................................................................................4 C. Client Account Management ...........................................................................................................................................5 D. Wrap Fee Programs ........................................................................................................................................................5 E. Assets Under Management .............................................................................................................................................5 Item 5 – Fees and Compensation .......................................................................................................................... 5 A. Fees for Advisory Services ..............................................................................................................................................6 B. Fee Billing ........................................................................................................................................................................6 C. Other Fees and Expenses...............................................................................................................................................6 D. Advance Payment of Fees and Termination ...................................................................................................................7 E. Compensation for Sales of Securities .............................................................................................................................7 Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management .................................................................. 7 Item 7 – Types of Clients ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ........................................................... 7 A. Methods of Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................7 B. Risk of Loss .....................................................................................................................................................................8 Item 9 – Disciplinary Information .......................................................................................................................... 9 Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ............................................................................ 9 Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ................. 9 A. Code of Ethics .................................................................................................................................................................9 B. Personal Trading with Material Interest ...........................................................................................................................9 C. Personal Trading in Same Securities as Clients .............................................................................................................9 D. Personal Trading at Same Time as Client.......................................................................................................................9 Item 12 – Brokerage Practices ............................................................................................................................. 10 A. Recommendation of Custodian[s] .................................................................................................................................10 B. Aggregating and Allocating Trades ...............................................................................................................................10 Item 13 – Review of Accounts.............................................................................................................................. 11 A. Frequency of Reviews ...................................................................................................................................................11 B. Causes for Reviews.......................................................................................................................................................11 C. Review Reports .............................................................................................................................................................11 Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ......................................................................................... 11 A. Compensation Received by Bluesphere .......................................................................................................................11 B. Client Referrals from Solicitors ......................................................................................................................................12 Item 15 – Custody.................................................................................................................................................. 12 Item 16 – Investment Discretion .......................................................................................................................... 12 Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
Recommended publications
  • The First Fintechs: How Early Online Brokers Pioneered Innovation Through Financial Technology

    The First Fintechs: How Early Online Brokers Pioneered Innovation Through Financial Technology

    The first fintechs: How early online brokers pioneered innovation through financial technology. PERSPECTIVE 1 @investSuite | [email protected] | www.investsuite.com CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. The importance of technology in the financial industry’s innovation dictionary 5 3. The do-it-yourself (DIY) investor 7 4. The very first FinTechs 8 5. A short history 10 May Day, 1975 – The ‘Big Bang’ of discount brokerage 10 The first online trade 11 The Europeans 13 Non-stop innovation and adaptation machines 16 6. Low prices and the internet behind the rise of the DIY investor 18 7. Embracing new technology – The internet further driving the rise of the DIY investor 21 8. Entrepreneurial inspiration and innovation lessons 22 An innovation-driven, entrepreneurial CEO 22 Culture 23 People 24 Seize opportunities 25 Dealing with ‘no’ 26 Adapt and reinvent 26 Small is beautiful 27 Takeaways 30 1. INTRODUCTION Bart Vanhaeren CEO & Co-founder InvestSuite Radical innovation is about realising an X-fold improvement in something beneficial to a client. That ‘something’ may be a major price reduction, a mind-blowing quality improvement, a much better service, a new business line or model, or any combination of these elements. Whether your definition of ‘X-fold’ is five, ten or a hundred times, this is clearly not about incremental improvements. Although those are also important, radical innovation is different. Acknowledging this difference is important, because a different approach is required. In this Perspective, I argue that some of first real ‘fintech disruptors’ – the (online) discount brokers – as ‘entrepreneur-innovators’, offer valuable lessons for small and large incumbents in the financial industry.
  • Securities Brokerage

    Securities Brokerage

    LoanRange BusinessName Address City State Zip NAICSCode BusinessType RaceEthnicity Gender Veteran NonProfit JobsRetained DateApproved Lender CD c $1-2 million NBC SECURITIES, INC. 1927 1ST AVE NORTHBIRMINGHAM AL 35203 523120 Corporation Unanswered Unanswered Unanswered 75 4/8/2020 South State Bank, National AssociationAL - 07 e $150,000-350,000MCDONALD FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC 350 LEAVELL CIR MONTGOMERY AL 36117 523120 Limited Liability Company(LLC)Unanswered Unanswered Unanswered 13 4/13/2020 ServisFirst Bank AL - 02 e $150,000-350,000ABLE FINANCIAL GROUP LLC 6991 E CAMELBACK RD STE D200SCOTTSDALE AZ 85251 523120 Limited Liability Company(LLC)Unanswered Unanswered Unanswered 6 4/28/2020 First-Citizens Bank & Trust CompanyAZ - 06 e $150,000-350,000BCJ CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 8355 East Hartford Drive Suite 105SCOTTSDALE AZ 85255 523120 Sole ProprietorshipUnanswered Male Owned Non-Veteran 16 4/14/2020 Readycap Lending, LLCAZ - 06 e $150,000-350,000CLICK IPO SECURITIES, LLC 8601 N SCOTTSDALE RDPARADISE VALLEY AZ 85253 523120 Limited Liability Company(LLC)Unanswered Unanswered Unanswered 7 4/9/2020 Sterling Bank AZ - 06 e $150,000-350,000ENVOY DEVELOPMENT, LLC 8036 S 38TH WAY PHOENIX AZ 85042 523120 Limited Liability Company(LLC)Unanswered Unanswered Unanswered 14 5/3/2020 Bank of America, National AssociationAZ - 07 e $150,000-350,000SCOTTSDALE CAPITAL ADVISORS CORP. 7170 E MCDONALD DR Suite 6PARADISE VALLEY AZ 85253 523120 Corporation White Male Owned Non-Veteran 10 5/8/2020 Carver State Bank AZ - 06 b $2-5 million LODESTONE PACIFIC HOLDING COMPANY,
  • Itc Conference Call Transcript

    Itc Conference Call Transcript

    Itc Conference Call Transcript Inside-out Burke fords his textualism jawbones scowlingly. Is Reggy perforative when Raymundo decarbonize fractionally? Cuspate and radiotoxic Claudius innervating her grinders hirsle sarcastically or tucker illatively, is Fred coercive? Do significantly lower short time to Gcla national bank information via email list of all, treasurer and facebook is bangladesh continues through the inuit to shut down, itc conference call transcript for any other. If the next question from ittai kidron with? Creative financing plans for our infrastructure, you may contain a title for. They will be a way back to itc already have agreed for itc conference call transcript of existing compiled css or is? Thank you enter the networking company and beneficial to add some may contain important for other than others? The course of the incident through a discount for clean energy advisors, whether express jumped into. This newly competitive landscape of channels, call transcript for investors are strong brand quickly, it comes from icici lombard general. Benefited from home, chief financial institutions providing all know. Eps decrease for it on how visitors. The calls for clinical negligence claims continued pressure on towards evidence around. Eps accretive or a transcript we hail from srinjoy, itc conference call transcript for itc in arista transcript. Waynesburg university of principal. Order in your customers to see it will be willing for wine glasses, which often generated by the extension of its yrc worldwide. Scan across all adds or rebuilding our outlook for us through yearend, those who have and our base. Score priority date made our next question on a run out their progress toward excellence in our periodic reports as an amazing upside surprises versus a major maritime shipping solutions.
  • SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report

    SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report

    SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report Just2Trade 1900 L Street NW Suite 301 Washington, DC 20036 SEC-Required Report on Routing of Customers Orders For Quarter Ending June 30, 2014 Just2Trade has prepared this report pursuant to a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rule requiring all brokerage firms to make publicly available quarterly reports on their order routing practices. The report provides information on routing of "non-directed orders" - any order that the customer has not specifically instructed to be routed to a particular venue on behalf of its customers. The report is divided into four sections: one for securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange and reported as a Network A eligible security; one for securities listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market; one for securities listed on the American Stock Exchange or regional exchanges and reported as a Network B eligible security; and one for exchange-listed options. For each section, this report identifies the venues most often selected by Just2Trade, sets forth the percentage of various types of orders routed to the venues, and discusses the material aspects of Just2Trade's relationship with the venues. Securities Listed on New York Stock Exchange: SEC Rule 606 Report Non-directed orders as percentage of total customer orders 84.51% Market orders as percentage of total non-directed orders 24.05% Limit orders as percentage of total non-directed orders 70.60% Other orders as percentage of total non-directed orders 5.35% Venues Receiving Significant Percentage of Total Non-Directed Orders: LAMP 45.17% MAXM 21.30% PDQ 33.53% Information Concerning Significant Venues: 1.
  • SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report

    SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report

    SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report Just2Trade 17 State Steet, 7th Floor New York, NY 10004 SEC-Required Report on Routing of Customers Orders For Quarter Ending June 30, 2015 Just2Trade has prepared this report pursuant to a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rule requiring all brokerage firms to make publicly available quarterly reports on their order routing practices. The report provides information on routing of "non-directed orders" - any order that the customer has not specifically instructed to be routed to a particular venue on behalf of its customers. The report is divided into four sections: one for securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange and reported as a Network A eligible security; one for securities listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market; one for securities listed on the American Stock Exchange or regional exchanges and reported as a Network B eligible security; and one for exchange-listed options. For each section, this report identifies the venues most often selected by Just2Trade, sets forth the percentage of various types of orders routed to the venues, and discusses the material aspects of Just2Trade's relationship with the venues. Securities Listed on New York Stock Exchange: SEC Rule 606 Report Non-directed orders as percentage of total customer orders 85.01% Market orders as percentage of total non -directed orders 25.81% Limit orders as percentage of total non-directed orders 69.33% Other orders as percentage of total non-directed orders 4.87% Venues Receiving Significant Percentage of Total Non-Directed Orders: LAMP 63.28% PDQ 36.72% Information Concerning Significant Venues: 1.
  • Information Memorandum

    Information Memorandum

    Sustainable Dividends Value Fund Information Memorandum Sustainable Dividends 020 244 36 54 [email protected] www.sustainabledividends.com Content CONTENT 1 1 IMPORTANT INFORMATION 4 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 2.1 The Fund, the Fund Manager and the Depositary 5 2.2 Investment Objective and Strategy 5 2.3 Legal, Tax and Regulatory Aspects 6 2.4 Dividend Distribution Policy 6 2.5 Minimum Investment, Subscriptions and Redemptions 6 2.6 Website 6 3 DEFINITIONS 7 4 THE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY 10 4.1 Introduction to the Sustainable Dividend Value Fund 10 4.2 Fund Objectives 10 4.3 Investment Style and Philosophy 11 4.4 Investment Strategy 11 4.4.1 Sustainable Business Model 12 4.4.2 Valuation 12 4.4.3 Financial Strength 12 4.4.4 Dividend 13 4.4.5 Shareholder Orientation 13 4.4.6 ESG Orientation 14 4.5 Portfolio Construction 14 4.6 Investment Restrictions 15 4.7 Voting Policy 15 5 FUND MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE 16 5.1 Manager 16 5.2 Depositary 17 SUSTAINABLE DIVIDENDS VALUE FUND 1 5.3 Custodian 17 5.4 Administrator 18 5.5 Advisory Board 18 5.6 Meetings of Investors 19 5.7 Conflicts of interest 19 5.8 Liquidity management 20 5.9 Complaints procedure 20 5.10 Equal treatment of Participants 20 6 TRANSFER, ISSUE AND REDEMPTION OF PARTICIPATIONS 21 6.1 Investor suitability 21 6.2 Transfers 21 6.3 Subscriptions and redemptions 21 6.3.1 Anti-dilution levy 22 6.3.2 Procedure 22 6.3.3 Subscriptions 23 6.3.4 Redemptions 23 6.4 Investor representation and warranty 24 7 COSTS AND EXPENSES 25 7.1 Management fee 25 7.2 Performance fee 25 7.3 Operational
  • List of Brokers and Dealers with No Outstanding Past-Due Share of the Broker-Dealer Accounting Support Fee

    1666 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Office: (202) 207-9100 www.pcaobus.org List of Brokers and Dealers with No Outstanding Past-Due Share of the Broker-Dealer Accounting Support Fee Determination of Payment under PCAOB Rule 7104(b) As of September 22, 2021 The following is a list of brokers and dealers that have been assessed and have no outstanding past-due share of the broker-dealer accounting support fee of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB"), as of September 22, 2021.1/ A registered public accounting firm may take the inclusion of a broker or dealer on this list as an indication that the broker or dealer has no outstanding past-due share of the broker-dealer accounting support fee for purposes of PCAOB Rule 7104(b). This list will be updated at least bi-weekly. If a registered public accounting firm cannot obtain a representation from the broker or dealer or cannot determine by reviewing the list below whether the broker or dealer has no past-due share of the accounting support fee outstanding, the registered public accounting firm may contact the staff by phone at 1-202-207-9294 (Business Days: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. ET) or by email at [email protected]. If you believe a broker or dealer has been excluded from this list in error, please contact the staff by phone at 1-202-207-9294 (Business Days: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. ET) or by email at [email protected]. Additional information about the broker-dealer accounting support fee and the funding process is available in the Frequently Asked Questions ("FAQs") available in the Accounting Support Fee section of the PCAOB's Web site (http://pcaobus.org/About/Administration/SupportFee/Pages/BDSupportFeeFAQ.aspx).
  • SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report

    SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report

    SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report Just2Trade 1900 L Street NW Suite 301 Washington, DC 20036 SEC-Required Report on Routing of Customers Orders For Quarter Ending March 31, 2014 Just2Trade has prepared this report pursuant to a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rule requiring all brokerage firms to make publicly available quarterly reports on their order routing practices. The report provides information on routing of "non-directed orders" - any order that the customer has not specifically instructed to be routed to a particular venue on behalf of its customers. The report is divided into four sections: one for securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange and reported as a Network A eligible security; one for securities listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market; one for securities listed on the American Stock Exchange or regional exchanges and reported as a Network B eligible security; and one for exchange-listed options. For each section, this report identifies the venues most often selected by Just2Trade, sets forth the percentage of various types of orders routed to the venues, and discusses the material aspects of Just2Trade's relationship with the venues. Securities Listed on New York Stock Exchange: SEC Rule 606 Report Non -directed orders as percentage of total customer orders 84.88% Market orders as percentage of total non-directed orders 22.90% Limit orders as percentage of total non-directed orders 72.26% Other orders as percentage of total non -directed orders 4.84% Venues Receiving Significant Percentage of Total Non-Directed Orders: LAMP 4.40% MAXM 47.33% PDQ 48.27% Information Concerning Significant Venues: 1.
  • Annual Report 2013

    Annual Report 2013

    Annual Report 2013 BinckBank N.V. Barbara Strozzilaan 310 1083 HN Amsterdam P.O. Box 75047 1070 AA Amsterdam t 020 606 26 66 f 020 320 41 76 e [email protected] i www.binck.nl 2 2013 Annual Report This document is a translation of the Dutch original and is provided as a courtesy only. In the event of any disparity, the Dutch version shall prevail. No rights may be derived from the translated document. Contents BinckBank overview 5 Corporate governance 109 Profile BinckBank 6 Introduction 110 Key figures 7 Developments in 2013 110 Key events in 2013 8 The Code 112 Chairman’s message 10 The Banking Code 116 Vision, mission, core values and strategic Article 10 of the Takeover Directive 117 objectives 12 Conclusion 117 Medium-term targets 17 Earnings model and SWOT analysis 18 Report of the supervisory board 119 BinckBank in a European context 21 Message by the chairman of Information for shareholders 22 the supervisory board 120 Financial calendar 2014 28 Duties of the supervisory board 121 Composition of the supervisory board 121 Report of the executive board 30 Meetings of the supervisory board and General information 32 subcommittees in 2013 121 Business unit Retail 36 Summary of the remuneration report 126 Business unit Professional Services 41 Loans granted to members of the Developments in legislation and regulation 43 executive board 129 Subsidiaries, joint ventures and assosiates 46 Remuneration of members of the Human Resources 48 supervisory board and subcommittees in 2013 129 Corporate social responsibility 52 Consultation with the
  • The Rise of Wealthtech

    The Rise of Wealthtech

    WWW.DRAKESTAR.COM JULY 2020 Sector Report THE RISE OF WEALTHTECH Julian Ostertag, Managing Partner and Christophe Morvan, Managing Partner Member of the Executive Committee [email protected] [email protected] +33 1700 876 10 +49 89 1490 265 20 Michael Metzger, Partner Antonia Georgieva, Partner [email protected] [email protected] +1 310 696 4011 +1 917 755 5518 Kasper Kruse Petersen, Partner [email protected] +44 203 2057 360 In the USA, all securities transacted through Drake Star Securities LLC. In the USA, Drake Star Securities LLC. Is regulated by FINRA and is a member of SIPC Drake Star Partners is the marketing name for the global investment bank Drake Star Partners Limited and its subsidiaries and affiliates. In the USA, all securities are transacted through Drake Star Securities LLC. In the USA, Drake Star Securities LLC is regulated by FINRA and is a member of SIPC. © 2020 Drake Star Partners. This report is published solely for informational purposes and is not to be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any security. The information herein is based on sources we believe to be reliable but is not guaranteed by us and we assume no liability for its use. Any opinions expressed herein are statements of our judgment on this date and are subject to change without notice. Citations and sources are available upon request through https://www.drakestar.com/contact. Interviews were conducted by Drake Star Partners via email correspondence between March and May 2020.
  • SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report

    SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report

    SEC Rule 606 - Order Routing Report Just2Trade 1900 L Street NW Suite 301 Washington, DC 20036 SEC-Required Report on Routing of Customers Orders For Quarter Ending December 31, 2013 Just2Trade has prepared this report pursuant to a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rule requiring all brokerage firms to make publicly available quarterly reports on their order routing practices. The report provides information on routing of "non-directed orders" - any order that the customer has not specifically instructed to be routed to a particular venue on behalf of its customers. The report is divided into four sections: one for securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange and reported as a Network A eligible security; one for securities listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market; one for securities listed on the American Stock Exchange or regional exchanges and reported as a Network B eligible security; and one for exchange-listed options. For each section, this report identifies the venues most often selected by Just2Trade, sets forth the percentage of various types of orders routed to the venues, and discusses the material aspects of Just2Trade's relationship with the venues. Securities Listed on New York Stock Exchange: SEC Rule 606 Report Non -directed orders as percentage of total customer orders 86.30% Market orders as percentage of total non-directed orders 28.48% Limit orders as percentage of total non-directed orders 66.20% Other orders as percentage of total non -directed orders 5.33% Venues Receiving Significant Percentage of Total Non-Directed Orders: MAXM 88.92% PDQ 11.08% Information Concerning Significant Venues: 1.
  • DRAFT SPC Short Form FS Excel File 2020.Xlsx

    DRAFT SPC Short Form FS Excel File 2020.Xlsx

    Score Priority Corp. 1 Penn Plaza, 16th Floor New York, NY 10119 ****************************************** STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION DECEMBER 31, 2020 ****************************************** UNITEDSTATES OMB APPROVAL SECURITIESANDEXC HANGEC OMMISSION OMB Number: 3235-0123 Washington, D.C. 20549 Expi res: October 31, 2023 Estimated average burden ANNUAL AUDITED REPORT hours per response.. 12.00 FORM X-17A-5 SEC FILE NUMBER PART III 8- FACING PAGE Information Required of Brokers and Dealers Pursuant to Section 17 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 17a-5 Thereunder REPORT FOR THE PERIOD BEGINNING______________________________ AND ENDING______________________________ MM/DD/YY MM/DD/YY A. REGISTRANT IDENTIFICATION NAME OF BROKER-DEALER: OFFICIAL USE ONLY ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS: (Do not use P.O. Box No.) FIRM I.D. NO. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (No. and Street) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (City) (State) (Zip Code) NAME AND TELEPHONE NUMBER OF PERSON TO CONTACT IN REGARD TO THIS REPORT _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (Area Code – Telephone Number) B. ACCOUNTANT IDENTIFICATION INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT whose opinion is contained in this Report* _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________