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Parte I Dendrologia.P65 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MISIONES Textos de Dendrología Cátedra de Dendrología Héctor Martín Gartland 1 EDITORIAL UNIVERSITARIA DE MISIONES San Luis 1870 Posadas - Misiones Tel-Fax: (03752) 428601 Correos electrónicos: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Colección: Cuadernos de Cátedra Coordinación de la edición: Claudio Zalazar Armado de interiores: Javier B. Giménez Corrección: Gabriela Domínguez; Julia E. Renaut Gartland, Héctor Martín Dendrología general: nomenclatura especial de los árboles forestales - 1a ed. - Posadas : EDUNaM - Editorial Universitaria de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones, 2008. 120 p. ; 30x21 cm. ISBN 978-950-579-094-4 1. Árboles Forestales. 2. Dendrología . I. Título CDD 634.972 Fecha de catalogación: 07/03/2008 ISBN: 978-950-579-094-4 Impreso en Argentina ©Editorial Universitaria Universidad Nacional de Misiones Posadas, 2008 2 ÍNDICE CAPÍTULO I DENDROLOGÍA .............................................................................................................................. 9 Origen y definición ....................................................................................................................... 9 Importancia y objetivos de la Dendrología dentro de las Ciencias Forestales ...................... 10 Relaciones de la Dendrología con otras Ciencias Dasonómicas ............................................. 10 Partes de la Dendrología............................................................................................................. 11 Los Bosques del Mundo y de Argentina ................................................................................... 11 Territorios Fitogeográficos de Argentina .................................................................................. 15 Provincia Paranaense .................................................................................................................. 17 Distrito de las Selvas Mixtas...................................................................................................... 17 Distrito de los Campos ............................................................................................................... 18 Provincia de las Yungas .............................................................................................................. 18 Distrito de las Selvas de Transición .......................................................................................... 18 Distrito de las Selvas Montanas................................................................................................. 19 Distrito de los Bosques Montanos ............................................................................................. 19 Provincia Chaqueña .................................................................................................................... 20 Distrito Chaqueño Oriental ........................................................................................................ 20 Distrito Chaqueño Occidental .................................................................................................... 21 Distrito Chaqueno Serrano ......................................................................................................... 21 Provincia del Espinal .................................................................................................................. 21 Distrito del Ñandubay................................................................................................................. 22 Distrito del Algarrobo ................................................................................................................. 22 Distrito del Caldén ...................................................................................................................... 22 Provincia Subantártica ................................................................................................................ 22 Distrito del Pehuén...................................................................................................................... 22 Distrito del Bosque Caducifolio ................................................................................................ 23 Distrito Valdiviano ...................................................................................................................... 23 Distrito Magallánico ................................................................................................................... 24 Las especies forestales del Mundo y de Argentina................................................................... 24 CAPÍTULO II ÁRBOL ............................................................................................................................................ 25 Concepto y Definiciones ............................................................................................................ 25 Nomenclatura especial de los árboles ....................................................................................... 26 Partes de un árbol........................................................................................................................ 26 Formas del árbol.......................................................................................................................... 28 Estadios de los árboles................................................................................................................ 28 Caracteres Dendrológicos........................................................................................................... 30 CAPÍTULO III TERMINOLOGÍA REFERENTE A LOS CARACTERES DENDROLÓGICOS...................... 31 Caracteres Dendrológicos de Naturaleza Fisonómica.............................................................. 31 Definición .................................................................................................................................... 31 Clasificación ................................................................................................................................31 Hábito........................................................................................................................................... 31 Hábito de copa baja..................................................................................................................... 31 Hábito de copa alta ..................................................................................................................... 31 3 Porte ............................................................................................................................................. 31 Copa ............................................................................................................................................. 32 Por la forma ................................................................................................................................. 32 Orbicular o redondeada .............................................................................................................. 32 Semiorbicular o semiredondeada ............................................................................................... 32 Cónica o piramidal ...................................................................................................................... 32 Obcónica o flabeliforme o infundibuliforme ............................................................................ 32 Umbeliforme o plateliforme ....................................................................................................... 32 Por la densidad ............................................................................................................................ 32 Densifoliadas ............................................................................................................................... 33 Paucifoliadas ............................................................................................................................... 33 Tipos de Copa .............................................................................................................................. 33 Copa Simple o Compacta ........................................................................................................... 33 Copa en aglomerados .................................................................................................................. 33 Copa múltiple .............................................................................................................................. 33 Copa estratificada........................................................................................................................ 33 Ramificación................................................................................................................................33 Monopódica o Excurrente .......................................................................................................... 34 Simpodial o Delicuescente ......................................................................................................... 34 Caracteres Dendrológicos de Naturaleza Organográfica ......................................................... 34 Raíz .............................................................................................................................................. 34 Raíces Normales.........................................................................................................................
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