DOCSLIB.ORG

An Algorithm for Tailoring Pharmacotherapy for Smoking Cessation: Results from a Delphi Panel of International Experts P Bader,1 P Mcdonald,2 P Selby3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Algorithm for Tailoring Pharmacotherapy for Smoking Cessation: Results from a Delphi Panel of International Experts P Bader,1 P Mcdonald,2 P Selby3 Research paper Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.2008.025635 on 9 October 2008. Downloaded from An algorithm for tailoring pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: results from a Delphi panel of international experts P Bader,1 P McDonald,2 P Selby3 1 Consultants in Behavior ABSTRACT medication, limited data are available to guide Change, Toronto, Ontario; Background: Evidence-based smoking cessation guide- clinicians in selecting specific forms of pharma- Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Canada; 2 University of lines recommend nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), cotherapy for individual smokers. While vareni- Waterloo; Population Health bupropion SR and varenicline as first-line therapy in cline, a new pharmacotherapeutic option, has Research Group, Waterloo, combination with behavioural interventions. However, demonstrated therapeutic superiority over existing Ontario; Ontario Tobacco there are limited data to guide clinicians in recommending first-line medications,9–12 post-marketing reviews Research Unit, Canada; 3 one form over another, using combinations, or matching have recently raised safety concerns regarding Departments of Family and 13 Community Medicine and individual smokers to particular forms. varenicline. Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Objective: To develop decision rules for clinicians to The health benefits of smoking cessation are and the Dalla Lana School of guide differential prescribing practices and tailoring of well documented. Smokers who quit reduce their Public Health, University of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. risk of cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and Toronto; Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Methods: A Delphi approach was used to build cancer and increase their life expectancy substan- Health, Toronto, Ontario; Ontario consensus among a panel of 37 international experts from tially.14 While most smokers make several quit Tobacco Research Unit, Canada various health disciplines. Through an iterative process, attempts before they succeed, about one in four panellists responded to three rounds of questionnaires. who use any pharmacotherapy will eventually quit Correspondence to: 15 Dr Peter Selby, Centre for Participants identified and ranked ‘‘best practices’’ used smoking. Evidence indicates that pharmacother- Addiction and Mental Health, 33 by them to tailor pharmacotherapy to aid smoking apy increases the odds of success and may reduce Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, cessation. An independent panel of 10 experts provided symptoms of withdrawal for those who smoke 10 Canada M5S 2S1; 815 [email protected] cross-validation of findings. or more cigarettes per day. While a few studies Results: There was a 100% response rate to all three have shown that pharmacotherapy works even in 16 17 Received 28 March 2008 rounds. A high level of consensus was achieved in the absence of psychosocial therapies, most Accepted 20 September 2008 determining the most important priorities: (1) factors to studies show that combining pharmacotherapy Published Online First consider in prescribing pharmacotherapy: evidence, and psychosocial treatments increases quit rates.38 http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ 13 October 2008 patient preference, patient experience; (2) combinations A Cochrane review16 including 123 trials con- based on: failed attempt with monotherapy, patients with cluded that all types of NRT increased the odds of breakthrough cravings, level of tobacco dependence; (3) quitting by approximately one-and-a-half to two- specific combinations, main categories: (a) two or more fold. In addition, the effectiveness of NRT was forms of NRT, (b) bupropion + form of NRT; (4) specific independent of the intensity of behavioural sup- combinations, subcategories: (1a) patch + gum, (1b) port provided to the smoker. Bupropion SR and patch + inhaler, (1c) patch + lozenge; (2a) bupropion + nortriptyline (antidepressants) were found to patch, (2b) bupropion + gum; (5) impact of comorbidities increase rates of smoking cessation in a Cochrane on selection of pharmacotherapy: contraindications, review of antidepressants including 53 trials.18 specific pharmacotherapy useful for certain comorbidities, When prescribed as monotherapy, bupropion (31 dual purpose medications; (6) frequency of monitoring trials) and nortriptyline (four trials) both doubled on September 25, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. determined by patient needs and type of pharmacother- the odds of cessation. Bupropion and nortriptyline apy. appear to have similar effectiveness to NRT. Other Conclusion: An algorithm and guide were developed to antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, assist clinicians in prescribing pharmacotherapy for moclobemide, venlafaxine) have not shown sig- smoking cessation. There appears to be good justification nificant benefit as an aid to smoking cessation.18 for ‘‘off-label’’ use such as higher doses of NRT or While studies of rimonabant have been com- combination therapy in certain circumstances. This pleted,19 no reviews currently exist and there have practical tool reflects best evidence to date of experts in been conflicting results regarding its efficacy in the tobacco cessation. US and Europe.20 21 Clonidine (an a-adrenergic antagonist) was found to be an effective medication for smoking Helping smokers quit is a critical, yet often cessation, although findings were based on a small perplexing role for physicians. While pharma- number of trials.22 Studies on other types of cotherapy generally doubles the odds of quitting pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation are lim- successfully, these smoking cessation aids are not ited. Cochrane reviews have been conducted on widely prescribed or used by smokers.12Although anxiolytics,23 silver acetate,24 lobeline,25 mecamyl- This paper is freely available guidelines exist in several countries (United States, amine26 and naltrexone,27 but findings are incon- online under the BMJ Journals unlocked scheme, see http:// United Kingdom, France, Australia, New clusive owing to insufficient studies. 3–8 tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/info/ Zealand) that recommend nicotine replacement Varenicline, an a4 b2 nicotine receptor partial unlocked.dtl therapy (NRT) or bupropion SR as first-line agonist, is the newest pharmacotherapy indicated 34 Tobacco Control 2009;18:34–42. doi:10.1136/tc.2008.025635 Research paper Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.2008.025635 on 9 October 2008. Downloaded from for smoking cessation. It helps people to stop smoking by among a panel of experts.42 43 It is a powerful tool for making maintaining moderate levels of dopamine to counteract with- the best use of less than perfect information. The Delphi drawal symptoms and by reducing smoking satisfaction.28 consists of a multistage approach with each stage building on Developed in 1997, it was approved in 2006 by the American the results of the previous one. It allows for collecting and Food and Drug Administration under the trade name Chantix, refining combined knowledge and experience from a group of and by the European Medicines Evaluation Agency under the experts from various disciplines. This approach has been used trade name Champix. effectively by the investigators in a knowledge synthesis of In the most recent Cochrane review, Cahill and colleagues28 smoking cessation among employed and unemployed young found that varenicline ‘‘increased the chances of successful long- adults.44 term smoking cessation between two- and threefold compared The aim of this study was to develop decision rules with pharmacologically unassisted quit attempts.’’ However, (algorithm) for use by clinicians to guide prescribing practices physicians prescribing varenicline need to be aware of the of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Experts in smoking possible association with behavioural changes such as depressed cessation were recruited from 13 countries to participate in a mood, agitation and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. The US Delphi consensus-building process. The results were synthesised Food and Drug Administration recently issued a public health into a clinical aid that can be widely used by clinicians who advisory, cautioning that there may be an increased risk of prescribe pharmacotherapy to smokers. neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients taking vareni- cline.13 It is important to note that these symptoms may also arise as a result of smoking cessation with or without METHODS treatment, and causality has not yet been determined. The Study design FDA is currently conducting a safety review. In particular, the A modified Delphi method was employed to identify and rank safety and efficacy of varenicline in patients with psychiatric ‘‘best practices’’ used by healthcare practitioners in tailoring disorders is unknown (this population was excluded from pre- prescribing practices of pharmacotherapy to aid smoking marketing trials). While an initial study in the UK (204 patients cessation. Three Delphi rounds were conducted from May to on NRT; 208 on varenicline) found no evidence that varenicline September 2007, using primarily email communication. Thirty- exacerbated mental illness,29 several individual case studies have seven panel members participated through an iterative process, been cited in the literature that report adverse psychiatric responding anonymously to a series of questionnaires. symptoms.30–34 The labelling of varenicline has now been Anonymity was intended to minimise ‘‘peer pressure’’ and changed to include warnings regarding adverse effects
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Addictions and the Brain
    9/18/2012 Addictions and the Brain TAAP Conference September 14, 2012 Acknowledgements • La Hacienda Treatment Center • American Society of Addiction Medicine • National Institute of Drug Abuse © 2012 La Hacienda Treatment Center. All rights reserved. 1 9/18/2012 Definition • A primary, progressive biochemical, psychosocial, genetically transmitted chronic disease of relapse who’s hallmarks are denial, loss of control and unmanageability. DSM IV Criteria for dependency: At least 3 of the 7 below 1. Withdrawal 2. Tolerance 3. The substance is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended. 4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use. 5. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects. 6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of the substance use. 7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance. © 2012 La Hacienda Treatment Center. All rights reserved. 2 9/18/2012 Dispute between behavior and disease Present understanding of the Hypothalamus location of the disease hypothesis. © 2012 La Hacienda Treatment Center. All rights reserved. 3 9/18/2012 © 2012 La Hacienda Treatment Center. All rights reserved. 4 9/18/2012 © 2012 La Hacienda Treatment Center. All rights reserved. 5 9/18/2012 Dispute regarding behavior versus disease © 2012 La Hacienda Treatment Center. All rights reserved. 6 9/18/2012 © 2012 La Hacienda Treatment Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Α And
    Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and the lipid metabolism pathway promotes carcinogenesis of ampullary cancer Chih-Yang Wang, Ying-Jui Chao, Yi-Ling Chen, Tzu-Wen Wang, Nam Nhut Phan, Hui-Ping Hsu, Yan-Shen Shan, Ming-Derg Lai 1 Supplementary Table 1. Demographics and clinical outcomes of five patients with ampullary cancer Time of Tumor Time to Age Differentia survival/ Sex Staging size Morphology Recurrence recurrence Condition (years) tion expired (cm) (months) (months) T2N0, 51 F 211 Polypoid Unknown No -- Survived 193 stage Ib T2N0, 2.41.5 58 F Mixed Good Yes 14 Expired 17 stage Ib 0.6 T3N0, 4.53.5 68 M Polypoid Good No -- Survived 162 stage IIA 1.2 T3N0, 66 M 110.8 Ulcerative Good Yes 64 Expired 227 stage IIA T3N0, 60 M 21.81 Mixed Moderate Yes 5.6 Expired 16.7 stage IIA 2 Supplementary Table 2. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of an ampullary cancer microarray using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). This table contains only pathways with p values that ranged 0.0001~0.05. KEGG Pathway p value Genes Pentose and 1.50E-04 UGT1A6, CRYL1, UGT1A8, AKR1B1, UGT2B11, UGT2A3, glucuronate UGT2B10, UGT2B7, XYLB interconversions Drug metabolism 1.63E-04 CYP3A4, XDH, UGT1A6, CYP3A5, CES2, CYP3A7, UGT1A8, NAT2, UGT2B11, DPYD, UGT2A3, UGT2B10, UGT2B7 Maturity-onset 2.43E-04 HNF1A, HNF4A, SLC2A2, PKLR, NEUROD1, HNF4G, diabetes of the PDX1, NR5A2, NKX2-2 young Starch and sucrose 6.03E-04 GBA3, UGT1A6, G6PC, UGT1A8, ENPP3, MGAM, SI, metabolism
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Amantadine and Memantine
    Journal of Personalized Medicine Communication Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Amantadine and Memantine: Possible Therapeutics for the Treatment of Covid-19? Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez 1,* , Hortensia Alonso-Navarro 1 , Elena García-Martín 2 and José A. G. Agúndez 2 1 Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, E-28500 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 2 University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UNEx. ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain; [email protected] (E.G.-M.); [email protected] (J.A.G.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-636968395 Received: 2 October 2020; Accepted: 6 November 2020; Published: 9 November 2020 Abstract: We have reviewed current data on the anti-inflammatory effects of amantadine and memantine in clinical and in vivo models of inflammation, and we propose that these effects have potential interest for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19 disease). To that end, we performed a literature search using the PubMed Database from 1966 up to October 31 2020, crossing the terms “amantadine” and “memantine” with “inflammation” and “anti-inflammatory”. Amantadine and/or memantine have shown anti-inflammatory effects in chronic hepatitis C, in neuroinflammation induced by sepsis and by lipopolysaccharides, experimental models of multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and respiratory diseases. Since the inflammatory response is one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms in the progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-inflammatory effects of amantadine and memantine could be hypothetically useful in the treatment of this condition. This potential utility deserves further research. Keywords: amantadine; memantine; anti-inflammatory effects; SARS-Cov-2; COVID-19; therapy 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Poisons and Narcotic Drugs (Amendment) Ordinance 1988
    AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY Poisons and Narcotic Drugs (Amendment) Ordinance 1988 No. 96 of 1988 I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Ordinance under the Seat of Government (Administration) Act 1910. Dated 15 December 1988 N. M. STEPHEN Governor-General By His Excellency’s Command, CLYDE HOLDING Minister of State for the Arts and Territories An Ordinance to amend the Poisons and Narcotic Drugs Ordinance 1978 Short title 1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Poisons and Narcotic Drugs (Amendment) Ordinance 1988.1 Commencement 2. This Ordinance commences on such date as is fixed by the Minister by notice in the Gazette. Principal Ordinance 3. In this Ordinance, “Principal Ordinance” means the Poisons and Narcotic Drugs Ordinance 1978.2 (Ord. 79/88)—Cat. No. Authorised by the ACT Parliamentary Counsel—also accessible at www.legislation.act.gov.au 2 Poisons and Narcotic Drugs (Amendment) No. 96, 1988 Substances to which Division applies 4. Section 27B of the Principal Ordinance is amended by adding at the end the following paragraphs: “; (f) follicle stimulating hormone; (g) luteinising hormone; (h) thalidomide.”. Grant of authorisation 5. Section 27E of the Principal Ordinance is amended— (a) by omitting from paragraph (1) (a) “or cyclofenil” and substituting “, cyclofenil, follicle stimulating hormone or luteinising hormone”; (b) by omitting from paragraph (1) (b) “and”; and (c) by adding at the end of subsection (1) the following word and paragraph: “; and (d) in the case of an application that relates to thalidomide— the applicant is a specialist physician with no less than 5 years’ experience in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum.”.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Mice with Altered Dopamine Transporter and Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Levels
    Characterization of Mice with Altered Dopamine Transporter and Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Levels by Shababa Tanzeel Masoud A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto © Copyright by Shababa Tanzeel Masoud 2017 Characterization of Mice with Altered Dopamine Transporter and Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Levels Shababa Tanzeel Masoud Doctor of Philosophy Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto 2017 Abstract Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter that regulates motor coordination and dysfunction of the dopamine system gives rise to Parkinson’s disease. Nigrostriatal dopamine neurons are vulnerable to various genetic and environmental insults, suggesting that these cells are inherently at-risk. A cell-specific risk factor for these neurons is the neurotransmitter, dopamine itself. If intracellular dopamine is not appropriately sequestered into vesicles, it can accumulate in the cytosol. Cytosolic dopamine is highly reactive and can trigger oxidative stress, leading to cellular toxicity. Cytosolic dopamine levels are modulated by the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) that takes up dopamine from the extracellular space, and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) that stores dopamine into vesicles. In this thesis, we altered DAT and VMAT2 levels to investigate the detrimental consequences of potentially amplifying cytosolic dopamine in transgenic mice. Project 1 focused on selective over-expression of DAT in dopaminergic cells of transgenic mice (DAT-tg). DAT-tg mice displayed phenotypes of dopaminergic damage: increased dopamine-specific oxidative stress, L-DOPA-reversible fine motor deficits and enhanced sensitivity to toxicant insult, suggesting that increasing DAT- mediated dopamine uptake is detrimental for dopamine cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf; Chi 2015 DPP Air in Cars.Pdf; Dodson 2014 DPP Dust CA.Pdf; Kasper-Sonnenberg 2014 Phth Metabolites.Pdf; EU Cosmetics Regs 2009.Pdf
    Bouge, Cathy (ECY) From: Nancy Uding <[email protected]> Sent: Friday, January 13, 2017 10:24 AM To: Steward, Kara (ECY) Cc: Erika Schreder Subject: Comments re. 2016 CSPA Rule Update - DPP Attachments: DPP 131-18-0 exposure.pdf; Chi 2015 DPP air in cars.pdf; Dodson 2014 DPP dust CA.pdf; Kasper-Sonnenberg 2014 phth metabolites.pdf; EU Cosmetics Regs 2009.pdf Please accept these comments from Toxic-Free Future concerning the exposure potential of DPP for consideration during the 2016 CSPA Rule update. Regards, Nancy Uding -- Nancy Uding Grants & Research Specialist Toxic-Free Future 206-632-1545 ext.123 http://toxicfreefuture.org 1 JES-00888; No of Pages 9 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES XX (2016) XXX– XXX Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect www.elsevier.com/locate/jes Determination of 15 phthalate esters in air by gas-phase and particle-phase simultaneous sampling Chenchen Chi1, Meng Xia1, Chen Zhou1, Xueqing Wang1,2, Mili Weng1,3, Xueyou Shen1,4,⁎ 1. College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2. Zhejiang National Radiation Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310011, China 3. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 310058, China 4. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Based on previous research, the sampling and analysis methods for phthalate esters (PAEs) Received 24 December 2015 were improved by increasing the sampling flow of indoor air from 1 to 4 L/min, shortening the Revised 14 January 2016 sampling duration from 8 to 2 hr.
    [Show full text]
  • Selective Knockdown of TASK3 Potassium Channel in Monoamine
    Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript Fullana et al - TASK3.docx 1 Research Article – Molecular Neurobiology 2 3 Selective Knockdown of TASK3 Potassium Channel in Monoamine 4 Neurons: A New Therapeutic Approach for Depression 5 M Neus Fullana1,2,3*, Albert Ferrés-Coy1,2,3*, Jorge E Ortega3,4, Esther Ruiz-Bronchal1,2,3, Verónica 6 Paz1,2,3, J Javier Meana3,4, Francesc Artigas1,2,3 and Analia Bortolozzi1,2,3 7 8 1Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain 9 2Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, IIBB-CSIC (Consejo Superior de 10 Investigaciones Científicas), Barcelona, Spain. 11 3Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. 12 4Department of Pharmacology, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU and BioCruces Health 13 Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain 14 15 NF* and AF-C* contributed equally to this work. 16 For correspondence: Analia Bortolozzi, Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology 17 (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosello 161, 18 Barcelona 08036, Spain. Tel: +34 93638313 Fax: +34 933638301 E-mail: 19 [email protected] 20 21 22 23 Running title: Intranasal delivery of conjugated TASK3-siRNA 24 25 26 1 Abstract 2 Current pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) are severely compromised 3 by both slow action and limited efficacy. RNAi strategies have been used to evoke antidepressant-like 4 effects faster than classical drugs. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA), we herein show that TASK3 5 potassium channel knockdown in monoamine neurons induces antidepressant-like responses in mice.
    [Show full text]
  • Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Potential Mechanisms Underlying Phencyclidine-Induced Alterations in Striatal Dopamine
    Neuropsychopharmacology (2003) 28, 2192–2198 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0893-133X/03 $25.00 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Potential Mechanisms Underlying Phencyclidine-Induced Alterations in Striatal Dopamine ,1,2 2 1,2 Wynne K Schiffer* , Jean Logan and Stephen L Dewey 1SUNY Stony Brook, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook, NY, USA; 2Brookhaven National Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Upton, NY, USA 11 Positron emission tomography (PET), in combination with C-raclopride, was used to examine the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on dopamine (DA) in the primate striatum. In addition, we explored the hypotheses that GABAergic pathways as well as molecular targets beyond the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex (ie dopamine transporter proteins, DAT) contribute to PCP’s effects. In 11 the first series of experiments, C-raclopride was administered at baseline and 30 min following intravenous PCP administration. In the second series of studies, g-vinyl GABA (GVG) was used to assess whether enhanced GABAergic tone altered NMDA antagonist- induced changes in DA. Animals received an initial PET scan followed by pretreatment with GVG (300 mg/kg), then PCP 30 min prior to 11 a second scan. Finally, we explored the possible contributions of DAT blockade to PCP-induced increases in DA. By examining C- cocaine binding a paradigm in which PCP was coadministered with the radiotracer, we assessed the direct competition between these 11 two compounds for the DAT. At 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg, PCP decreased C-raclopride binding by 2.1, 14.9 7 2.2 and 8.18 7 1.1%, 11 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,469,601 B2 Vacher Et Al
    USOO94.69601 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,469,601 B2 Vacher et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 18, 2016 (54) AMINOCYCLOBUTANE DERIVATIVES, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME AND THE EP 0 747 348 A1 12/1996 USE THEREOF AS DRUGS EP O747348 A1 * 12, 1996 ............. CO7B 57/OO WO WO 98.07447 A1 2, 1998 (71) Applicant: PIERRE FABRE MEDICAMENT, WO WO 99.12537 A1 3, 1999 Boulogne-Billancourt (FR) WO WO 99.52848 A1 10, 1999 WO WOOOO3716 A1 1, 2000 WO WOOO, 51607 A1 9, 2000 (72) Inventors: Bernard Vacher, Castres (FR); Elodie WO WO 03/06165.6 A1 T 2003 Blanc, Semalens (FR); Ronan WO WO O3,063797 A2 8, 2003 Depoortere, Castres (FR) WO WO 2006/081179 A1 8, 2006 WO WO 2008/092.955 A1 8, 2008 WO WO 2009/O29618 A1 3, 2009 (73) Assignee: PIERRE FABRE MEDICAMENT, WO WO 2009/06961.0 A1 6, 2009 Boulogne-Billancourt (FR) WO WO 2009/092324 A1 T 2009 WO WO 2010/036937 A1 4/2010 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this WO WO 2010/037533 A1 4, 2010 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (Continued) U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 14/649,448 Aarts et al., “Novel Treatment of Excitotoxicity: Targeted Disrup (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 4, 2013 tion of Intracellular Signalling from Glutamate Receptors,” Bio chemical Pharmacology, vol. 66, 2003, pp. 877-886. (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2013/075481 (Continued) S 371 (c)(1), (2) Date: Jun.
    [Show full text]
  • Phencyclidine: an Update
    Phencyclidine: An Update U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration Phencyclidine: An Update Editor: Doris H. Clouet, Ph.D. Division of Preclinical Research National Institute on Drug Abuse and New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services NIDA Research Monograph 64 1986 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administratlon National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20657 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 NIDA Research Monographs are prepared by the research divisions of the National lnstitute on Drug Abuse and published by its Office of Science The primary objective of the series is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, and integrative research reviews. its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. Editorial Advisors MARTIN W. ADLER, Ph.D. SIDNEY COHEN, M.D. Temple University School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Philadelphia, Pennsylvania SYDNEY ARCHER, Ph.D. MARY L. JACOBSON Rensselaer Polytechnic lnstitute National Federation of Parents for Troy, New York Drug Free Youth RICHARD E. BELLEVILLE, Ph.D. Omaha, Nebraska NB Associates, Health Sciences Rockville, Maryland REESE T. JONES, M.D. KARST J. BESTEMAN Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric lnstitute Alcohol and Drug Problems Association San Francisco, California of North America Washington, D.C. DENISE KANDEL, Ph.D GILBERT J. BOTV N, Ph.D. College of Physicians and Surgeons of Cornell University Medical College Columbia University New York, New York New York, New York JOSEPH V.
    [Show full text]
  • Dexmethylphenidate
    MICROMEDEX® Healthcare Series : Document Page 1 of 31 Case 3:09-cv-00080-TMB Document 78-23 Filed 03/24/2010 Page 1 of 105 DRUGDEX® Evaluations DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE 0.0 Overview 1) Class a) This drug is a member of the following class(es): Amphetamine Related CNS Stimulant 2) Dosing Information a) Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride 1) Adult a) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 1) extended-release: methylphenidate-naive patients, initial 10 mg ORALLY daily in the morning; adjust dose weekly in 10 mg increments; MAX 20 mg/day 2) extended-release: patients currently using methylphenidate, one-half the total daily dose of racemic methylphenidate; patients currently using dexmethylphenidate immediate-release may be switched to the same daily dose of dexmethylphenidate extended-release; MAX 20 mg/day 2) Pediatric a) safety and efficacy not established in patients under 6 years of age 1) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder a) immediate-release (ages 6 years and older): methylphenidate-naive patients, initial 2.5 mg ORALLY twice daily; adjust dose weekly in 2.5 to 5 mg increments; MAX 20 mg/day (10 mg twice a day) b) immediate-release (ages 6 years and older): patients currently using methylphenidate, one-half the dose of racemic methylphenidate; MAX 20 mg/day (10 mg twice a day) c) extended-release (ages 6 years and older): methylphenidate-naive patients, initial 5 mg ORALLY in the morning; adjust dose weekly in 5 mg increments; MAX 20 mg/day(Prod Info FOCALIN XR(R) extended-release oral capsules, 2008) d) extended-release (ages 6 years
    [Show full text]
  • A Quantitative Analysis of the Value-Enhancing Effects of Nicotine
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research: Psychology, Department of Department of Psychology Fall 12-4-2014 A Quantitative Analysis of the Value-Enhancing Effects of Nicotine, Bupropion, and Varenicline in Male and Female Rats Scott aB rrett University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychdiss Part of the Behavioral Neurobiology Commons, Biological Psychology Commons, Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons, and the Pharmacology Commons Barrett, Scott, "A Quantitative Analysis of the Value-Enhancing Effects of Nicotine, Bupropion, and Varenicline in Male and Female Rats" (2014). Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research: Department of Psychology. 70. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychdiss/70 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research: Department of Psychology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE VALUE-ENHANCING EFFECTS OF NICOTINE, BUPROPION, AND VARENICLINE IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS by Scott Taylor Barrett A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Psychology Under the Supervision of Professor Rick A. Bevins Lincoln, Nebraska November, 2014 A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE VALUE-ENHANCING EFFECTS OF NICOTINE, BUPROPION, AND VARENICLINE IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS Scott Taylor Barrett, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2014 Advisor: Rick A. Bevins Smoking and tobacco dependence are serious health concerns in the United States and globally.
    [Show full text]