Perdre Le Silence / Kundun De Martin Scorsese]

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Perdre Le Silence / Kundun De Martin Scorsese] Document generated on 09/26/2021 4:43 a.m. 24 images Perdre le silence Kundun de Martin Scorsese Réal La Rochelle Number 91, Spring 1998 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/23644ac See table of contents Publisher(s) 24/30 I/S ISSN 0707-9389 (print) 1923-5097 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this review La Rochelle, R. (1998). Review of [Perdre le silence / Kundun de Martin Scorsese]. 24 images, (91), 48–49. Tous droits réservés © 24 images, 1998 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ JlvUndun de Martin Scorsese PERDRE LE SILENCE PAR RÉAL LA ROCHELLE f armée de la République populaire de cette hantise morbide, très judéo-chrétienne, cultivée est celle d'un roi religieux. Le film Li Chine a envahi le Tibet. L'avant-garde d'un déséquilibre entre la paix et la guerre, s'arrête brusquement à l'aube de l'âge adul­ de cette troupe est entrée à Lhassa et a instal­ la lutte incessante entre Jacob et l'Ange, te du dalaï-lama, au moment de sa fuite du lé dans la ville des haut-parleurs qui crachent entre Dieu et Lucifer. «Dès qu'une blessu­ Tibet vers l'Inde, et se clôt sur un carton di­ de stridentes et nasillardes musiques chinoi­ re affleure, dès qu'un corps s'ouvre à l'écran, sant sèchement que, depuis ce temps, sa ses. Encore un jeune homme, le quatorziè­ c'est ce lit de douleur que l'on voit se sur­ Sainteté n'est jamais rentrée dans son pays. me dalaï-lama, chef spirituel et temporel imprimer sur l'image», note Antoine de Dans cette trajectoire, Scorsese a visi­ du pays, murmure à ses ministres: «Ils nous Baecque . Cette remarque peut s'appliquer blement été intéressé par le sort si étrange ont enlevé notre silence...» à Kundun, un pur produit de ces leitmoti- d'une vocation révélée «d'En-Haut», au Cette parole ironique et désabusée, ve propres au réalisateur américain, tant moyen du mystère d'un choix qui trace la vie sereine et tragique, pourrait avoir été dite par dans le contenu du film que dans son écri­ d'un enfant et l'habille du vêtement prédé­ le Jésus torturé de The Last Temptation of ture. terminé, historique, d'une religion singuliè­ Christ, la jeune fille perturbée de Cape En 1937 au Tibet (un pays longtemps re. Le réalisateur, qui a tant raconté comment Fear (voire l'affreux vengeur biblique Max), fetmé, organisé en théocratie féodale), voi­ il faillit être prêtre catholique romain, est ou encore les héros malchanceux des Taxi là un enfant de deux ans, Tenzin Gyatso, familier de ce genre de forza del destina. Driver (Travis Bickle), Raging Bull (Jake «découvert» comme la réincarnation de Mais cette vie, nonobstant son caractère La Motta), Goodfellas (Henry Hill) et Sam Bouddha. Celui qu'on appellera bientôt étrange et magique, est plongée dans la tra­ de Casino. Ce sont les voix désenchantées Kundun — «océan de sagesse» — est dési­ gédie, à la manière de l'amour impossible des si typiques de l'univers «scorsésien», les gné quatorzième dalaï-lama, sainteté suprê­ protagonistes de The Age of Innocence, qui soupirs de ceux et celles dont les rêves me de la spiritualité de la compassion, et conduit à cette réflexion mélancolique: «Life d'enfants ont été brisés par le mal, par les conduit à Lhassa pour y grandir comme is the saddest thing there is, next to death» démons semeurs d'envie et d'amour du lucre, moine et futur chef d'Etat. (La vie est la chose la plus triste qui soit, atte­ de tumultes et de cris, de fric et de gloire, Kundun trace le parcours de ce destin nante à la mort). de vocations et de projets spirituels impo­ si singulier, de l'enfance et de l'adolescence La jeunesse de Kundun, conçue pour la sés. Chez Scorsese, se profile constamment d'un garçon dont la vocation annoncée et paix, la compassion envers toute vie, est 48 N°91 24 IMAGES ainsi brutalement brisée par les effets de la pourtant celle de la vaste tapisserie faite de visuelle de Scorsese. On connaît la très vive Seconde Guerre mondiale, le triomphe en minuscules grains ou cristaux de couleurs sensibilité musicienne du réalisateur. Sa col­ Chine du Parti communiste et la victoire de vives. Elle structure tout le film, s'élaborant laboration avec Glass (dont l'intérêt pour le Mao (1949), en même temps que par le au départ comme le Tibet sous la gouverne cinéma s'est manifesté entre autres dans refus des puissances occidentales d'aider le empreinte de bonté du quatorzième dalaï- Koyaanisqatsi et The Thin Blue Line, ou Tibet à préserver son indépendance contre lama, puis se défaisant après la guerre de encore dans sa transposition opératique de les velléités annexionnistes chinoises. La vie manière brutale, btisée pat les mains, les la bande sonore de La belle et la bête de du dalaï-lama bascule. Dans un plan ma­ râteaux et le vent, beauté fragile et éphémè­ Cocteau) est l'aboutissement d'un vœu et gnifique, bref et sec comme le bruit d'une re tombant silencieusement en poussière. d'une nécessité. Scorsese explique: «Philip balle, le jeune homme se prend la tête, se Un autre thème captivant de Kundun Glass fait travailler sa musique depuis l'inté­ prosterne vivement, pleure, a des visions est celui du heurt, du métissage incontout- rieur même du film, du fond de son cœur... surréalistes de mort. L'étang de ses poissons nable entre l'Orient et l'Occident. Ce filon Pour moi, les images de ce film ne peuvent exotiques est rempli du sang qui se déverse est exploité de façon d'autant plus intéres­ plus tenir par elles-mêmes en dehors de la d'un gros tuyau, ou encore Kundun se voit sante que le jeune dalaï-lama est solitaire, musique de Glass. Je me considère chanceux, au centre de centaines de moines morts, coupé du monde, qu'il vit dans une claus­ voire béni, d'avoir travaillé avec lui sur tachés de balles et de coups de baïonnettes, tration à nulle autre pareille. Son lien avec Kundun»2. À l'instar du travail world music disposés en cercle autour de lui comme les la réalité du Tibet et celle de l'Occident est et techno de Peter Gabriel dans The Last mille détails d'une fleur funèbre, révélée donc forcément «médiatisé». Une grosse Temptation of Christ, celui de Philip Glass, petit à petit par un travelling arrière en lunette d'approche lui permet d'observer le ici, se construit sur l'hybridation entre musi­ plongée, un mouvement hallucinatoire. peuple de Lhassa et plus tatd, à la fin du film, ques tibétaines (emprunts de cloches, gongs, Toute l'écriture filmique de Scorsese de contempler l'Inde dont il vient de fran­ cors, voix de moines) et instruments occiden­ pour Kundun est ainsi dialectisée entre de chir la frontière. Plus encore, le garçon s'en­ taux augmentés d'électronique, le tout cou­ longues plages lentes et sereines, subite­ toure constamment de livres, d'atlas, de pos­ lé dans les volutes si typiquement répétiti­ ment interrompues par des inserts courts, tes de radio. Par-dessus tout, le cinéma lui ves du compositeur. La partition de Glass claquant comme des bruits de fouets. offre à la fois la réalité et une image fanto- pout Kundun échafaude de la sorte une longue tapisserie sonore, incantatoire et funèbre, qui forme, comme l'aurait dit Glenn Gould, une sorte de basse continue ondoyant sur toute la longueur du film, et qui n'est pas sans rappelet les emprunts de matériaux moyen-orientaux dans son opéra pharaonique Akhnaten. Kundun n'est pas une épopée histori­ que d'événements extérieurs, massifs et spec­ taculaires. Le film illustre plutôt le destin intime d'un individu isolé, qui se voit et conçoit l'univers à partir d'une pensée ani­ miste et cosmique. Quand la violence du monde tombe sur sa méditation et sur son silence, quand elle hurle la fin de sa jeunes­ se dorée, la tragédie (le désespoir, la douleur extrême) installe la disparition brutale de la paix et de la spiritualité. Les vautours, com­ me dans cette séquence hallucinante, s'instal­ lent autour du cadavre, guettant le repas d'après la catastrophe. D'une certaine façon, Kundun est une sorte de dernière tenta­ tion de Bouddha, le doute scorsésien à nou­ veau s'est levé. • Tencho Gyalpo et Tenzin Yeshi Paichang, le dalaï-lama à deux ans. 1. In Cahiers du cinéma, n° 500 dirigé par Martin Scorsese, mars 1996, p. 68. Quand son destin se brise, le dalaï-lama est matique de l'univers, soit un vieux film de 2. Notes sur le disque Nonesuch 79460- 2. assailli d'images en retours arrière dans sa Pathé, La poule aux œufs d'or, noir et blanc maison familiale, ou encore le jeune hom­ colorié au pochoir, soit encore les actualités KUNDUN me regarde au présent le petit enfant qu'il de la bombe atomique sur Hiroshima, ou États-Unis 1997. Ré.: Martin Scorsese. Scé.: a été. Durant une autre crise, il a la vision d'autres fictions de guerre.
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