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Vegetation Benchmarks Rainforest and Related Scrub
Vegetation Benchmarks Rainforest and related scrub Eucryphia lucida Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1 Rainforest and Related Scrub RPW Athrotaxis cupressoides open woodland: Sphagnum peatland facies Community Description: Athrotaxis cupressoides (5–8 m) forms small woodland patches or appears as copses and scattered small trees. On the Central Plateau (and other dolerite areas such as Mount Field), broad poorly– drained valleys and small glacial depressions may contain scattered A. cupressoides trees and copses over Sphagnum cristatum bogs. In the treeless gaps, Sphagnum cristatum is usually overgrown by a combination of any of Richea scoparia, R. gunnii, Baloskion australe, Epacris gunnii and Gleichenia alpina. This is one of three benchmarks available for assessing the condition of RPW. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the Sphagnum facies of the listed Athrotaxis cupressoides open woodland community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002). Benchmarks: Length Component Cover % Height (m) DBH (cm) #/ha (m)/0.1 ha Canopy 10% - - - Large Trees - 6 20 5 Organic Litter 10% - Logs ≥ 10 - 2 Large Logs ≥ 10 Recruitment Continuous Understorey Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover % Immature tree IT 1 1 Medium shrub/small shrub S 3 30 Medium sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 2 10 Ground fern GF 1 1 Mosses and Lichens ML 1 70 Total 5 8 Last reviewed – 2 November 2016 Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg RPW Athrotaxis cupressoides open woodland: Sphagnum facies Species lists: Canopy Tree Species Common Name Notes Athrotaxis cupressoides pencil pine Present as a sparse canopy Typical Understorey Species * Common Name LF Code Epacris gunnii coral heath S Richea scoparia scoparia S Richea gunnii bog candleheath S Astelia alpina pineapple grass MSR Baloskion australe southern cordrush MSR Gleichenia alpina dwarf coralfern GF Sphagnum cristatum sphagnum ML *This list is provided as a guide only. -
Edition 2 from Forest to Fjaeldmark the Vegetation Communities Highland Treeless Vegetation
Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark The Vegetation Communities Highland treeless vegetation Richea scoparia Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark 1 Highland treeless vegetation Community (Code) Page Alpine coniferous heathland (HCH) 4 Cushion moorland (HCM) 6 Eastern alpine heathland (HHE) 8 Eastern alpine sedgeland (HSE) 10 Eastern alpine vegetation (undifferentiated) (HUE) 12 Western alpine heathland (HHW) 13 Western alpine sedgeland/herbland (HSW) 15 General description Rainforest and related scrub, Dry eucalypt forest and woodland, Scrub, heathland and coastal complexes. Highland treeless vegetation communities occur Likewise, some non-forest communities with wide within the alpine zone where the growth of trees is environmental amplitudes, such as wetlands, may be impeded by climatic factors. The altitude above found in alpine areas. which trees cannot survive varies between approximately 700 m in the south-west to over The boundaries between alpine vegetation communities are usually well defined, but 1 400 m in the north-east highlands; its exact location depends on a number of factors. In many communities may occur in a tight mosaic. In these parts of Tasmania the boundary is not well defined. situations, mapping community boundaries at Sometimes tree lines are inverted due to exposure 1:25 000 may not be feasible. This is particularly the or frost hollows. problem in the eastern highlands; the class Eastern alpine vegetation (undifferentiated) (HUE) is used in There are seven specific highland heathland, those areas where remote sensing does not provide sedgeland and moorland mapping communities, sufficient resolution. including one undifferentiated class. Other highland treeless vegetation such as grasslands, herbfields, A minor revision in 2017 added information on the grassy sedgelands and wetlands are described in occurrence of peatland pool complexes, and other sections. -
Seiridium Canker of Cypress Trees in Arizona Jeff Schalau
ARIZONA COOPERATIVE E TENSION AZ1557 January 2012 Seiridium Canker of Cypress Trees in Arizona Jeff Schalau Introduction Leyland cypress (x Cupressocyparis leylandii) is a fast- growing evergreen that has been widely planted as a landscape specimen and along boundaries to create windbreaks or privacy screening in Arizona. The presence of Seiridium canker was confirmed in Prescott, Arizona in July 2011 and it is suspected that the disease occurs in other areas of the state. Seiridium canker was first identified in California’s San Joaquin Valley in 1928. Today, it can be found in Europe, Asia, New Zealand, Australia, South America and Africa on plants in the cypress family (Cupressaceae). Leyland cypress, Monterey cypress, (Cupressus macrocarpa) and Italian cypress (C. sempervirens) are highly susceptible and can be severely impacted by this disease. Since Leyland and Italian cypress have been widely planted in Arizona, it is imperative that Seiridium canker management strategies be applied and suitable resistant tree species be recommended for planting in the future. The Pathogen Seiridium canker is known to be caused by three different fungal species: Seiridium cardinale, S. cupressi and S. unicorne. S. cardinale is the most damaging of the three species and is SCHALAU found in California. S. unicorne and S. cupressi are found in the southeastern United States where the primary host is JEFF Leyland cypress. All three species produce asexual fruiting Figure 1. Leyland cypress tree with dead branch (upper left) and main leader bodies (acervuli) in cankers. The acervuli produce spores caused by Seiridium canker. (conidia) which spread by water, human activity (pruning and transport of infected plant material), and potentially insects, birds and animals to neighboring trees where new Symptoms and Signs infections can occur. -
Recent Changes in the Names of New Zealand Tree and Shrub Species
-- -- - Recent changes in the names of New Zealand tree and shrub species - Since the publication of 'Flora of New Zealand' Volume 1 (A- iii) Podocarpus dacydioides Dacrycarpus ducydioides lan 1961),covering indigenous ferns, conifers and dicots, there (iii)Podocarpus ferrugzneus Prumnopitys ferruginea have been major advances in taxonomic research and the clas- Podocarpus spicatus Prumnopitys taxijolia sification of many plant groups revised accordingly. Most of (iv1 Dacrydium cupressinum (unchanged) these changes have been summarised in the Nomina Nova (v)Dacrydium bidwillii Halocarpus bidwillii series published in the New Zealand Journal of Botany (Edgar Dacrydium bijorme Halocarpus bijormis 1971, Edgar and Connor 1978, 1983) and are included in re- Dacrydium kirkii Halocarpus kirkii cent books on New Zealand plants ie.g. Eagle 1982, Wilson (vi)Dacydium colensoi Lagarostrobos colensoi 1982). A number of these name changes affect important (vii)Dacrydium intermediurn Lepidothamnus intermedius forest plants and as several of these new names are now start- Dacrydium laxijolium Lepidotbamnus laxijolius ing to appear in the scientific literature, a list of changes af- (viii)Phyllocladus trichomanoidi~(unchanged) fecting tree and shrub taxa are given here. As a large number Phyllocladus glaucus (unchanged) of the readers of New Zealand Forestry are likely to use Poole Phyllocladus alpinus Phyllocladus aspleniijolius and Adams' "Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand" as their var. alpinus* * main reference for New Zealand forest plants, all the name changes are related to the fourth impression of this book. * It has been suggested that the Colenso name P, cunnin- it is important to realise that not all botanists necessarily ghamii (1884)should take precedence over the later (18891 ark agree with one particular name and you are not obliged to use name (P. -
Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual
PB 1854 Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual 1 Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual Contributing Authors Alan B. Galloway Area Farm Management Specialist [email protected] Megan Bruch Leffew Marketing Specialist [email protected] Dr. David Mercker Extension Forestry Specialist [email protected] Foreword The authors are indebted to the author of the original Production of Christmas Trees in Tennessee (Bulletin 641, 1984) manual by Dr. Eyvind Thor. His efforts in promoting and educating growers about Christmas tree production in Tennessee led to the success of many farms and helped the industry expand. This publication builds on the base of information from the original manual. The authors appreciate the encouragement, input and guidance from the members of the Tennessee Christmas Tree Growers Association with a special thank you to Joe Steiner who provided his farm schedule as a guide for Chapter 6. The development and printing of this manual were made possible in part by a USDA specialty crop block grant administered through the Tennessee Department of Agriculture. The authors thank the peer review team of Dr. Margarita Velandia, Dr. Wayne Clatterbuck and Kevin Ferguson for their keen eyes and great suggestions. While this manual is directed more toward new or potential choose-and-cut growers, it should provide useful information for growers of all experience levels and farm sizes. Parts of the information presented will become outdated. It is recommended that prospective growers seek additional information from their local University of Tennessee Extension office and from other Christmas tree growers. 2 Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual Contents Chapter 1: Beginning the Planning ............................................................................................... -
Morphology and Anatomy of Pollen Cones and Pollen in Podocarpus Gnidioides Carrière (Podocarpaceae, Coniferales)
1 2 Bull. CCP 4 (1): 36-48 (6.2015) V.M. Dörken & H. Nimsch Morphology and anatomy of pollen cones and pollen in Podocarpus gnidioides Carrière (Podocarpaceae, Coniferales) Abstract Podocarpus gnidioides is one of the rarest Podocarpus species in the world, and can rarely be found in collections; fertile material especially is not readily available. Until now no studies about its reproductive structures do exist. By chance a 10-years-old individual cultivated as a potted plant in the living collection of the second author produced 2014 pollen cones for the first time. Pollen cones of Podocarpus gnidioides have been investigated with microtome technique and SEM. Despite the isolated systematic position of Podocarpus gnidioides among the other New Caledonian Podocarps, it shows no unique features in morphology and anatomy of its hyposporangiate pollen cones and pollen. Both the pollen cones and the pollen are quite small and belong to the smallest ones among recent Podocarpus-species. The majority of pollen cones are unbranched but also a few branched ones are found, with one or two lateral units each of them developed from different buds, so that the base of each lateral cone-axis is also surrounded by bud scales. This is a great difference to other coniferous taxa with branched pollen cones e.g. Cephalotaxus (Taxaceae), where the whole “inflorescence” is developed from a single bud. It could be shown, that the pollen presentation in the erect pollen cones of Podocarpus gnidioides is secondary. However, further investigations with more specimens collected in the wild will be necessary. Key words: Podocarpaceae, Podocarpus, morphology, pollen, cone 1 Introduction Podocarpus gnidioides is an evergreen New Caledonian shrub, reaching up to 2 m in height (DE LAUBENFELS 1972; FARJON 2010). -
Evolution of the Female Conifer Cone Fossils, Morphology and Phylogenetics
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EVOLUTION OF THE FEMALE CONIFER CONE FOSSILS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENETICS Daniel Bäck Degree project for Bachelor of Science with a major in Biology BIO602, Biologi: Examensarbete – kandidatexamen, 15 hp First cycle Semester/year: Spring 2020 Supervisor: Åslög Dahl, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Examiner: Claes Persson, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Front page: Abies koreana (immature seed cones), Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Sweden Table of contents 1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 2 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Brief history of Florin’s research ............................................................................... 3 2.2 Progress in conifer phylogenetics .............................................................................. 4 3 Aims .................................................................................................................................... 4 4 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................ 4 4.1 Literature: ................................................................................................................... 4 4.2 RStudio: ..................................................................................................................... -
Pollination Drop in Relation to Cone Morphology in Podocarpaceae: a Novel Reproductive Mechanism Author(S): P
Pollination Drop in Relation to Cone Morphology in Podocarpaceae: A Novel Reproductive Mechanism Author(s): P. B. Tomlinson, J. E. Braggins, J. A. Rattenbury Source: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 78, No. 9 (Sep., 1991), pp. 1289-1303 Published by: Botanical Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2444932 . Accessed: 23/08/2011 15:47 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Botanical Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Botany. http://www.jstor.org AmericanJournal of Botany 78(9): 1289-1303. 1991. POLLINATION DROP IN RELATION TO CONE MORPHOLOGY IN PODOCARPACEAE: A NOVEL REPRODUCTIVE MECHANISM' P. B. TOMLINSON,2'4 J. E. BRAGGINS,3 AND J. A. RATTENBURY3 2HarvardForest, Petersham, Massachusetts 01366; and 3Departmentof Botany, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Observationof ovulatecones at thetime of pollinationin the southernconiferous family Podocarpaceaedemonstrates a distinctivemethod of pollencapture, involving an extended pollinationdrop. Ovules in all generaof the family are orthotropousand singlewithin the axil of each fertilebract. In Microstrobusand Phyllocladusovules are-erect (i.e., the micropyle directedaway from the cone axis) and are notassociated with an ovule-supportingstructure (epimatium).Pollen in thesetwo genera must land directly on thepollination drop in theway usualfor gymnosperms, as observed in Phyllocladus.In all othergenera, the ovule is inverted (i.e., the micropyleis directedtoward the cone axis) and supportedby a specializedovule- supportingstructure (epimatium). -
ACT, Australian Capital Territory
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations. -
Podocarpus Has a fleshy Enlarged Stem with the Seed Capsule Attached
Some members of the Podocarpaceae It now seems as if the general lock down is being eased across the country and I am looking to do other things than write these notes which seemed helpful eleven weeks ago but hopefully soon will not be so. Not quite a bakers dozen but one more than a S.I. preferred unit. Also I must get on with the June FACTT Newsletter which I like to think is as eagerly awaited as these notes. This note is about a family, members of which are found in fossils of Gondwana times and now in those countries which formed the original landmass and some other countries. Podocarpus has a fleshy enlarged stem with the seed capsule attached. It is easy to see the possibility of birds spreading the seeds, unlike Nothofagus where the seed is less likely to be spread widely one would think. Regarding the movement of continents it needs to be mentioned that a million is a very large number. If, as Australia is presently doing, a landmass moves 70mm a year in just 1 million years; a short period of time in geological terms; the distance traveled is 70km. Australia is moving so fast in fact that GPS can’t keep up. Some people think that taxonomists fall into two broad categories - Lumpers and Splinters. Lumpers tend to say -Well the species are so similar they are in fact one. Splitters on the other hand tend to the view that the fine details represent sufficient differences to recognise they are different species. -
Cypress Species Choice and Minimising the Risk of Canker
GROWING CYPRESSES FOR TIMBER Species choice and minimising the risk of canker Information Note 1 Cypresses have long been a favourite alternative to radiata pine for New Zealand’s farm foresters, small-scale plantation owners, and some large-scale growers. IN GENERAL, CYPRESSES: • Are a versatile species with proven performance both as a timber producer and as a shelter species. • Produce versatile timber of relatively high value (compared with radiata pine) that is very easy to saw and dry, and has many end uses. • Grow best on moderately fertile, well- drained, sheltered sites, but with careful species and genotype (seedlot) selection will perform well on a reasonably wide range of sites. • Produce their best timber on sheltered sites. 18-year old Cupressus macrocarpa. • Produce quality timber even as young trees, unlike radiata pine. • Have a reputation of being prone to canker. However this is chiefly a problem of C. macrocarpa, and Leyland cypresses on warmer and exposed sites. Susceptibility to canker depends on site, species, and within any given species, the seedlot. Some seedlots are more resistant to canker than others of the same species. New more canker- resistant planting stock is becoming available. • Are prone to toppling on fertile sites, especially if poorly drained, and are particularly unstable on water-logged clay soils. • May cause abortion if foliage is eaten by pregnant cattle. Caution is advised. Cattle raised with access to cypresses tend not to eat the foliage. There is an established market for cypress timber based on ‘macrocarpa’ – a species widely planted throughout New Zealand for many decades, both in plantations and in farm shelter plantings. -
Conifer Quarterly
Conifer Quarterly Vol. 21 No. 2 Spring 2004 P hot os b y G ar y W hitt enbaugh Gary Whittenbaugh can’t resist incorporating Chamaecyparis into his Iowa garden, while at the same time he warns against becoming too attached to them. Read about these plants’ role in the Midwest on page 20. Shown here are (top) C. pisifera ‘Plumosa Compressa’ as a background plant, ‘Golden Mop’ in the fall (left) and Gary’s favorite,‘Snow.’ Grafting is an important part of conifer propagation, from the largest nurseries to the hobbyist plant collector. Review the basics of side grafting on page 30, as taught by expert George Okken. een r y G on T The Conifer Quarterly is the publication of The Conifer Society Contents Featured conifer genus: Chamaecyparis 6 Resurrecting Lawson Cypress for the 21st Century Tanya DeMarsh-Dodson 12 Seedling Conifers Offer Challenge and Variety Peter C. Jones 16 Origin, Distribution and Variation of Atlantic White-cedar Kristin Mylecraine and John Kuser 20 Reader Recommendations More features 24 Hands Across the Sea Derek Spicer 29 Obituary: Bob Tomayer 30 The Art and Science of Grafting: A Demonstration by George Okken Anne M. Brennan 38 One Acre in Rochester Gerald P. Kral Conifer Society voices 2 President’s Message 4 Editor’s Memo 15 Conifers on the Web 23 Puzzle Page 42 Central Region Builds on Past Success 43 Western Region Update 44 Northeast Region to Visit the “Flower City” 46 Southeast Region Announces Itinerary Cover photo: An unusually cold Pennsylvania winter melts away with the snow from Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Crippsii’,just as last year’s muted foliage will soon disappear behind the glowing golden spring flush for which this cultivar is known.