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Military Aerospace. Aerospace Education

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 068 291 SE 014 555 AUTHOR Sayler, D. S. TITLE Military Aerospace.Aerospace Education II. INSTITUTION Air Univ., MaxwellAFB, Ala. Junior Reserve Office Training Corps. SPONS AGENCY Department of Defense, Washington,D.C. PUB DATE 69 NOTE 170p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Education; AgencyRole; *Military Air Facilities; *National Defense;*Resource Materials; *Supplementary Textbooks;Textbooks ABSTRACT The book tries to put theAir Force in the correct perspective according to itsrole and the necessity for national defense. The three areas covered are strategic offence,strategic defense, and generalpurpose. The first chapter describes national policies and the objectives and emphasizes therole of the Air Force in peace andwar. The second chapter describes of the strategic offense the organization program. The third chapter deals withthe need for combat tasksof defense. The fourthchapter is entitled "Tactical Air Forces" anddescribes the general the Air Force. The last purpose operations of two chapters emphasize therelationship of three defense forces andorganizations necessary for development in research, further education, and trainingprograms. The book is to be used only for theAir Force ROTCprogram. (PS) 4.; U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION a WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU CATION POSITION OR POLICY ', 4'4 -+ 1 0 AEROSPACE EDUCATION H Military Aerospace D. S. Sayler Academic Publications Division 3825th Support Group (Academic) I t i AIR FORCE JUNIOR ROTC AIR UNIVERSITY MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALA3AMA smasollffir 1969 This publication has been reviewed and approved by competent personnel of the preparing command in accordance with current directives on doctrine, policy, essentiality,propriety, and quality. This book will not be offered for sale.Itis for use only in the Air Force ROTC program. Preface THIS TEXT providesan overview of the U.S. Air Force in all its variety of combatand support organizations and activities. It isour purpose to present a dynamic view of this military servicenotmerely a description of a series of major commandsand separate operating agencies, with their missionsand organizations, but also some insight into theiremployment, ways of operation, and weapons andequipment. The title of this text isnot "United States Air Force" but "Military Aerospace."The main focus ison the USAF role inaerospace. However, contributions of the U.S. Army and U.S.Navy to militaryaerospace are also covered. Our mainreason for using this title is to help the studentsee the Air Force in its proper context, as part of the totalnational defense effort. The first chapter describessome of the national objectives and policies whichthe Air Force serves in both peace andwar. Other chapters continually refer to interservice commandstructures, unified commands, which bring together AirForce elements with those of other services to provide thekind of teamwork modern military forces need foreffective operation. The De- partment of Defense views theNation's total military force structureas having three main combat tasks strategic offense, strategicdefense, and generalpur- poseand makes up its budgetaccording to these and other categories, not accordingto branches of the service. Hence this text isorganized around thiscon- cept, with separate chapterson each of these missions as they apply to the Air Force, plusa chapter which describes the many andvaried Air Forcesupport activities that backup the combat forces. 4 Contents PREFACE iii Chapter 1 AEROSPACE FORCES IN PEACE AND WAR 1 National Policies and Objectives 12 Peacetime and "Cold War" Uses of Military Power 5 The Instrument of Force 8 Chapter 2 STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE FORCES 17 The SAC Mission and Objectives 18 SAC Organization 19 SAC Preparedness 21 Employment in War 24 SAC Resources 29 Chapter 3 STRATEGIC DEFENSIVE FORCES 39 The Mission of Strategic Defense 40 Planning for Strategic Defense 42 Organization 46 Resources and Operations 51 Chapter 4 TACTICAL AIR (GENERAL PURPOSE) FORCES 75 Organization of Tactical Air Forces 76 Tactical Air Operations 82 Tactical Aircraft and Weapons 90 Chapter 5 SUPPORT OF AEROSPACE FORCES 103 Military Airlift Command (MAC) 105 Research and DevelopmentOAR and AFSC 117 Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC) 124 Education and Training 129 Additional Support Functions 136 Chapter 6 ARMY, NAVY, AND MARINE CORPS AEROSPACE FORCES 145 United States Army 146 United States Navy 153 U.S. Marine Corps 158 INDEX 163 Chapter Aerospace Forces in Peace and War THIS CHAPTER describes the nature ofnationalobjectives and policies of the United States and states the function of the Armed Forces as instruments for pursuing these objectives and 'policies both in peacetime and in varying degrees of conflict.It outlines the three basic Armed Forces missions of strategic offense, strategic defense, and maintaining the capability of waging warfare at lower levels. When you have studied this chapter, you should be able to do the following: (1) identify the United States objectives and policies in the field of foreign relations and tell what instru- ments are used to achieve them; (2) discuss the basic principles governing the use of the military instrument; and (3) explain the organization and functions of the unified and specified commands in relation to their missions. IN THIS BOOKLET we are dealing primarily with one clement of the military instrument of national powermilitary aerospace power.Later in this course we shall explore the whole military instrument in more depth, but here, in reading about the United States Air Force and the Army and Navy air elements, we should remember three things: that aerospace power is but one clement of the military instrument, that this military instrument is but one of several instruments of national power,and thatthe military instru- 1 MILITARY AEROSPACE ment itself can be applied in other ways than the outright use of force or the achievement of victory in war. The military instrument is used in combinations with other instruments of power; it is used to gain national objectives and to support national policies. Above all, we should understand that our military forces are instruments of a free society and a democratic government, commanded by the President and answerable to Congress and to the millions of voters who put the' President and congressmen in office. NATIONAL POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES What are the national policies and objectives we have mentioned? A nationalpolicymay be defined as a broad course of action or statements of guidance adopted by the Government in pursuit of nationalobjectives.Objectives, in short, determine policy. We are not concerned here with domestic objectives and policies, important as they are, but with those in the field of foreign relations, upon which our aerospace and other military instruments have more bear- ing. To begin with, we can identify at least three very fundamental national objectives that have stood the test of time. 1. Maintain the Nation's territorial integrity and free access to international waters (and, in modern times, aerospace). 2. Preserve the Nation's constitutional form of Government and system of political liberties. 3. Foster national well-being in an environment of international friendship. Our basicpolicyfor accomplishing these aims, however, has changed with the times. Formerly it was believed that the Nation's security could best be protected by strict avoidance of involvement in foreign affairs, or "entangling alliances," as George Washington ex- pressed it.This policy affected the very size and composition of our armed forces, which were designed only to protect our own borders, frontiers, and shores. Even when major conflicts arose and made necessary immense expansion of the armed services, we had time to build these up from the base of a small standing Army and Navy. We did this as recently as World War H. In the twentieth century, however, the United States has grown to world power status and has acquired the problems that go with it. We have been involved in two world wars and have seen the rise of world power systems, such 2 AEROSPACE FORCES IN PEACE AND WAR as Nazism and Communism, that have menaced our security. The development of nuclear aerospace weapons has destroyed thesecur- ity formerly afforded us by two oceans, and deprivedus of the time to mobilize after hostilities begin. A small nation close toour shores has undergone a political revolution that has turned it intoa dan- gerous instrument of a major hostile power half a world away. This is but one example of how military, political, and economic problems are intermixed on a global scale and subject tono simple solution. For these and other reasons, the former U.S. policy of non-involvement or "isolationism" has given way toone of involve- ment in international affairs or "internationalism." Again, the size and composition of our armed forces, and the strategy for their employment, have changed because of these factors. Having mentioned three fundamental and long-term objectives, we can add several more objectives that apply more specifically to the security needs of our Nation todayin the type of world that has emerged since 1945. 1. Prevent expansion of Communist power and influence. 2. Deter war. 3. Maintain a military posture which will insure victory in either a general
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