Berkeley Square
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Berkeley Square Creating Places for People Introduction Some Examples of Recently Completed Public Realm Improvements The following boards represent the first stage in a process of developing a public realm vision for one of the most important public spaces in Mayfair. Our aim is to revive the spirit of this beautiful square whilst strengthening its distinct identity and sense of grandeur and building upon its relationship to the rest of Mayfair. Our design objectives for Berkeley Square include: ‘SILENCE’ FOUNTAIN, MOUNT STREET, MAYFAIR MOUNT STREET, MAYFAIR • Achieving a better balance between the needs of pedestrians and other modes of movement • Improving the pedestrian and cycle network • Improving the organisation of vehicle and cycle parking • Improving the organisation of servicing and deliveries • Increasing the appeal of the area through enhancements to the public realm and its relationship to adjacent buildings and the NortH audleY STREET, MAYFAIR BroWN Hart Gardens MAYFAIR garden. • Improving the visual environment through ‘decluttering’ • Enhancing the Square’s identity through the use of public art and high quality materials • The proposals will also look to ensure that any implemented works are consistent with aspirations for a more comprehensive enhancement of Berkeley Square at some point in the future ELIZABETH STREET, BELGRAVIA NIGHTTIME, ELIZABETH STREET, BELGRAVIA The Team BDP: Landscape Architects, Urban Designers & Lighting Consultants Gardiner & Theobald: Cost & Project Management Consultants Urban Flow: Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering Consultants Westminster City Council: Delivery partners and construction implementation Setting the scene Introducing the Berkeley Square Project Grosvenor Street Davies Street Davies New Bond Street Carlos Place Carlos Grosvenor Hill Mount Row Gagosian Gallery Bourdon Street Phillips Gallery Mount Street Bruton Place Bruton Street Berkeley Square Bruton Lane Hill Street Charles Street BERKELEY SQUARE is located to THE soutH OF GROSVENOR’S maYFAIR estate, at THE HEART OF maYFAIR VEI W alonG THE nortH West corner OF berKELEY SQUARE toWARDS mount street (LEFT) daVIES street (CENTRE) and burton place (RIGHT) Setting the scene K ey Issues. Opportunities and Vision Bruton Street Bruton Place 3 Berkeley Square 3 3 2 Berkeley Street 2 2 1 3 Bourdon Street 1 3 1 Davies Street 3 3 2 2 2 3 Berkeley Square 3 Fitzmaurice Street 3 1 ill Street H Mount Street Charles Street Note: Analysis drawings consider Berkerley Square as a whole Illustrative Masterplan of Berkeley Square Key Features of Existing Site: 1 Narrow footway widths with poor quality surfacing 2 Space is dominated by broad carriageways cluttered with traffic divisions. 3 Poor pedestrian connections. N Not to Scale Key Issues K ey Opportunities • Traffic speeds, traffic dominance, carriageway widths, street • To reduce carriageway widths and improve pedestrian crossing parking (both cars and motorcycles), infrastructure and signing opportunities across Davies Street and Berkeley Square detract from pedestrian movement, visual quality and the • To increase footway widths and improve spatial proportions enjoyment of the Square and its surrounding buildings • To improve the alignment of pedestrian crossing points with • Physical connectivity is poor with lack of safe and convenient desire lines and destinations crossing points, especially into the garden • To reduce vehicle speeds, and manage merging vehicles more • Visual connections between Mount Street and the north end effectively of Berkeley Square and Grosvenor Hill are insufficiently direct • To manage motorcycle and cycle parking in a way that minimises and obvious visual clutter • Footways around Berkeley Square and its central gardens are • To manage on-street car parking supply consistent with the aims narrow and often cluttered with control cabinets and traffic of the overall public realm scheme infrastructure • To create a distinctive place with high quality materials and • Pedestrian areas are surfaced in low quality materials that fail features that add visual amenity and assist with intuitive to reflect the quality of the surrounding buildings wayfinding • Motorcycles are positioned in particularly prominent positions, • To reinforce the distinctive oblong form of the central gardens undermining the visual quality of the square whilst creating spaces for people • To strengthen the relationship between public space and its surrounding buildings Vision Berkeley Square will once again become the most fashionable Square in the West End. It will be known for its taste, hospitality and luxury. It will be a spectacular green space characterised by its distinctive oblong garden, its mature trees and its fine building facades. Setting the scene Historic Context The Development of Berkeley Square Berkeley House & Grounds 1746, ROCQUE MAP: THE BERKELEY ESTATE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, 1705, HOMANN MAP: BERKELEY HOUSE APPEARS ON PICCADILLY, THE NORTH, EAST AND WEST SIDES ARE CONSTRUCTED WHILE THE erected a mansion to the north of Piccadilly from WITH ITS GARDENS AND PASTURE GROUNDS TO THE NORTH SOUTH REMAINS OPENED TO THE VIEW FROM DEVONSHIRE HOUSE 1665 to 1673 and subsequently took possession of land to the north of his property. The house was sold in 1697 to William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, on condition that the northward view from the building would be protected and no construction carried out within the width of the gardens. This is a condition that has protected the open space of Berkeley Square up to the present day. The Square Begins to Take Shape The first houses to define the square were built around 1738 on the east side by Edward © 2000 MOTCO Enterprises Limited © 2000 MOTCO Enterprises Limited Cock and Francis Hillyard. The west side was completed in 1745 and described as being part of 1799, HORWOOD MAP: THE SQUARE IS REPRESENTED IN ITS CURRENT 1830, GREENWOOD MAP: BERKELEY SQUARE APPEARS IN ITS OBLONG SHAPE, DESIGNED AS PART OF THE 1767 ADORNMENT CURRENT LAYOUT. THE FRONT GARDEN OF LANSDOWNE HOUSE a “new intended square” called Berkeley Square. COMPLETED FORMS THE SOUTH FRONTAGE OF THE SQUARE The construction of the north side of the square has a different timescale from the south. Despite an earlier occupation, it did not offer the intended ‘respectable frontage’ to the square until the 1820s when redevelopment was completed. A Garden Supported by its Residents The gardens to Berkeley Square appear to have been laid out gradually over a period of fifty years during the eighteenth century. The enhancement of the square was carried out thanks to the contribution of residents, who were “willing and keen to raise money sufficient for better paving, © 2000 MOTCO Enterprises Limited © 2000 MOTCO Enterprises Limited lighting, supporting, and maintenance for the future through an adequate contribution among BERKELEY SQUARE, 1813, LOOKING TOWARDS LANSDOWNE HOUSE ALONG THE WEST OF THE SQUARE. THE ENGRAVING SHOWS A LANSDOWNE AMAZON SCULPTURE: ONCE PART OF THE LANSDOWNE themselves”. Subsequently, in about 1767, the LARGE CLEARED AREA FOR CIRCULATION WITH CARRIAGEWAY AND HOUSE FINE ART COLLECTION, TODAY AT THE METROPOLITAN PAVEMENTS APPEARING AS A FLUSH SURFACE MUSEUM, NEW YORK Square took on its oblong form when its corners were rounded. A Highly Fashionable Location During the Regency Period, Berkeley Square was considered, along with Grosvenor Square, to be the most fashionable location in the West End. Its neighbourhood “was constantly spoken of as the very type of London wealth, taste, hospitality, and luxury”. Credit Georgian London Addresses and Locations Credit Metropolitan Museum of Art (Gift of John D. Rockefeller Jr., 1932) Setting the scene Site Context Cavendish Square Cavendish Square Wigmore Street Wigmore Street Oxford Street Oxford Street Duke Street Duke Street North Audley Street anover anover H North Audley Street H New Bond Street New Bond Street Square Square Davies Street Davies Street Grosvenor Square Grosvenor Square South Audley Street Berkeley Square South Audley Street Berkeley Square Mount Street Mount Street Hyde Park Park Lane Hyde Park Park Lane Green Park Green Park BERKELEY SQUARE IS ONE OF THE WEST END PARTNERSHIPS STRATEGIC SQUARES. THIS PROJECT THIS PROJECT IS LOCATED AT THE HEART OF ‘LONDON’S LUXURY QUARTER’ AND OFFERS THE PRESENTS THE OPPORTUNITY TO STRENGTHEN LINKS BETWEEN GROSVENOR SQUARE AND BERKELEY OPPORTUNITY TO STRENGTHEN LINKS BETWEEN MOUNT STREET AND NEW BOND STREET SQUARE Cavendish Square Cavendish Square Oxford St Underground Wigmore Street Wigmore Street Bond St Bond Street Underground Crossrail East Oxford Street Oxford Street Duke Street Duke Street North Audley Street Hanover North Audley Street Hanover New Bond Street Square New Bond Street Square Bond Street Crossrail West Davies Street Davies Street Grosvenor Square Grosvenor Square Gagosian Gallery Berkeley Square South Audley Street Berkeley Square South Audley Street Phillips Gallery Mount Street Mount Street Hyde Park Park Lane Hyde Park Park Lane Aspirational Connection Green Park Underground Green Park Green Park THE SITE FRONTS PHILLIPS GALLERY AND IS CENTRAL TO AN EXTENSIVE RANGE OF IMPORTANT THE SITE IS LOCATED AT A PIVOTAL LOCATION ON THE ROUTE BETWEEN BOND STREET(WEST) GALLERIES CROSSRAIL AND GREEN PARK UNDERGROUND STATION Setting the scene The Public Realm Today Whilst Mayfair continues to be seen as a high quality place, it has not been immune to the adverse effects of vehicular traffic.