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Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report for Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu

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Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report for Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report For Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report 1. NOISE AND VIBRATION 1.1 NOISE With the starting of mining operations, deployment of machinery, drilling and blasting during mine development, excavation and transportation of materials, it is imperative that noise levels shall increase. In order to assess the impact baseline ambient noise level with respect to eco-sensitive zone, noise monitoring has been carried out at three different points using Sound level meter. Measured noise values are given in the Table 1.1 Table 1.1 Noise Monitoring Sl.No Sampling Location Noise Value Average Noise Limits as per TNPCB dB (A) Value dB (A) dB (A) ( Day Time) 1 Quarry Entrance Area 60.2 60.8 61.55 61.7 63.5 2 Pocalin Operator Area 68.2 68.1 68.05 67.9 68.0 75 3 Driling Area 66.3 66.5 65.93 65.0 65.9 4 Compressor Area 79.1 80.1 80.40 80.9 81.5 AADHI BOOMI MINING AND ENVIRO TECH (P) LTD. Salem, Tamil Nadu (Formerly known as SURIYA MINING SERVICES) QCI/NABET Accredited Consultant Organization Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report For Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu Figure 1.1 Noise Monitoring 1.2 OBSERVATION Average noise value is found to be 68.98 dB (A) which satisfies TNPCB Standards. The data thus obtained is considered for preparing this report. 1.3 VIBRATION Ground vibration, fly rock, air blast, noise, dust and fumes are the deleterious effects of blasting on environment. The explosive energy sets up a seismic wave in the ground, which can cause significant damage to structures and disturbance to human occupants if not operated in controlled manner. When an explosive charge is fired in a confined blast hole, in addition to spontaneous release of hot gases, fumes etc intense pressure on the blast hole walls cause for Noise and Vibration. High intensity shock waves propagate in all directions and cause the rock particles to oscillate. This oscillation is felt as ground vibration. Such ground vibrations are Controlled by several controlled blasting techniques like Muffle blasting, delay arrangements etc Ground vibration from mine blasting is expressed by amplitude, frequency and duration of blast. The variables, which influence ground vibrations, are controllable and non-controllable. The non-controllable variables include general surface terrain, type and depth of overburden. AADHI BOOMI MINING AND ENVIRO TECH (P) LTD. Salem, Tamil Nadu (Formerly known as SURIYA MINING SERVICES) QCI/NABET Accredited Consultant Organization Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report For Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu Similarly, the controllable variables include type of explosives, charge per delay, delay interval, direction of blast progression, burden, spacing and specific charge and coupling ratio. The oscillation of rock particles is called Particle Velocity and its value is called Peak Particle velocity (PPV), which is measured in millimetre per second. The standards for safe limit of PPV are established by Director General of Mines Safety for safe level criteria through Circular No. 7 dated 29/8/1997. V= 417.8 {D/ (Q0.5)}-1.265 V= Peak particle velocity in mm/s D= Distance between location of blast and gauge point in m Q=Quantity of explosive per blasting in kg The safe level criteria PPV as mentioned in Circular No. 7 of DGMS is presented below: Table 1.2 Permissible Peak Particle Velocities (mm/s) S. No. Type of Structure Dominant excitation Frequency < 8 Hz 8 - 25 Hz > 25 Hz A) Buildings/structures not belonging to the owner 1 Domestic houses/structures 5 10 15 (Kuchcha brick and cement) 2 Industrial Buildings 10 20 25 (RCC and framed structures) 3 Objects of historical importance and sensitive 2 5 10 structure B) Buildings belonging to the owner with limited life span 1 Domestic houses/structures 10 15 25 (Kuchcha brick and cement) 2 Industrial buildings 15 25 50 (RCC & framed structures) AADHI BOOMI MINING AND ENVIRO TECH (P) LTD. Salem, Tamil Nadu (Formerly known as SURIYA MINING SERVICES) QCI/NABET Accredited Consultant Organization Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report For Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu 1.4 OBSERVATION PPV of the trial test shows within the stipulated standards given by DGMS. AADHI BOOMI MINING AND ENVIRO TECH (P) LTD. Salem, Tamil Nadu (Formerly known as SURIYA MINING SERVICES) QCI/NABET Accredited Consultant Organization Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report For Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu Apparatus Setup a) Apparatus Setup b) Trial Test Fig 1.2 Vibration Study using Seismograph As the distance increases the PPV value is likely to reduce. The ground vibrations generated by blasting during the proposed mining operations will be kept well within standards prescribed by DGMS by controlled blasting. By adopting controlled blasting, the problems will be greatly minimized and the impacts will also be minimized by choosing proper detonating system, optimizing total charge and charge/delay. AADHI BOOMI MINING AND ENVIRO TECH (P) LTD. Salem, Tamil Nadu (Formerly known as SURIYA MINING SERVICES) QCI/NABET Accredited Consultant Organization Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report For Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu 1.5 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR NOISE AND VIBARTION 1. Specific charge pattern has to be designed by proper trial vibration studies with varying charge ratios 2. Charge per shot shall not exceed 2kgs as per Reg. 164 of MMR, 1961 under controlled blasting methods. 3. Milli second detonators shall be used preferably 25-50ms per delay to control vibrations. 4. Inclined holes shall minimise back brake and intensive shocks. 5. Diamond wire saw cutting and chemical blasting shall be used to cut the blocks into saleable dimensions, 6. Pre splitting techniques by isolating the production blocks from the parent rock shall be practised to break the travel of vibration from the production block. 7. In case of development work if any, cushion blasting and Deck loading system shall be adopted to minimise throw of fragments and ground vibration. 8. Air blast due to usage of Detonating Cord with 10gm/m shall be reduced to 5gms/m to minimise air reverberation. 9. Noise barrier trees shall be planted all around the mine lease boundary. 10. If the vibration still exceeds the limit a long Trench to a depth of 6m may cut in the direction of wave’s movement to break longitudinal waves which travel close to surface, preferably near mine buffer zone. 11. No deep hole blasting shall be practised 12. Heavy machineries with high ground pressure shall not be used in the quarry 13. In spite of all measures periodical testing of vibration and noise using approved seismograph by DGMS has to be followed as a part of Environmental monitoring. Though all mitigation measures are pointed out, as such no adverse effects on human life, wild life and other biotic system. 2. ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY AADHI BOOMI MINING AND ENVIRO TECH (P) LTD. Salem, Tamil Nadu (Formerly known as SURIYA MINING SERVICES) QCI/NABET Accredited Consultant Organization Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report For Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu The major adverse impacts due to pre-mininig and mining phases are loss of habitat, biodiversity, rare flora and fauna, fisheries and other aquatic life, migration of wildlife and overall disruption of the ecology of the area. During post-mining phase after land restoration, ecology may effectively improve. The impacts on biodiversity as well as environment are shown below in table. S.No Environmental Mitigation Measures Management Plan 1 Land Use Pattern The area is comprised of black cotton soil and outcrops of Multi colour granite. The ground water table is observed at a depth of 44m in the tube wells. The Land use pattern at present and at the end of fifth year is given as below, Pre Post Mining S.No Description Mining 1 Working Pit 0.54.65 0.54.55 2 o/B or waste --- --- Dump 3 Mine Roads 0.02.50 0.02.60 4 Safety and Area 0.49.03 0.49.03 under plantation 5 Labour shed and 0.05.00 0.05.00 office 6 Unutilized 0.00.82 0.00.82 Total 1.12.0Ha 1.12.0Ha 2 Rehabilitation and The proposed mining project does not involve any kind of Resettlement (R & R) Plan displacement of the population since the mining will be concentrated only in the quarry area. Not much disturbance in respect of fauna, flora and human settlement of the villages. Similarly the workings should be safe guarded from the inadvertent entry by proper fencing (S1 type) around open cast working as per DGMS circulars. The impact of proposed mining activity on the population will be insignificant. Hence, Rehabilitation of settlements is not anticipated under this AADHI BOOMI MINING AND ENVIRO TECH (P) LTD. Salem, Tamil Nadu (Formerly known as SURIYA MINING SERVICES) QCI/NABET Accredited Consultant Organization Biodiversity Impact Assessment Report For Thiru T.Mathimaran, Tirunelveli District,Tamil Nadu project as it will not be required. 3 Storage and utilization of Only small quantity of top soil will be dumped separately for Top Soil afforestation purposes. 4 Stabilization and Vegetation The materials to be dumped shall be very hard in nature and it of Dumps does not require any grading separately. The materials like granite rejects shall be graded automatically during dumping by Excavator and tipper combinations. Part of top soil will be spread over the Non-active dumps along the slope and edges to plant tree sapling to form vegetal cover over the dumps. Such vegetal cover will prevent erosion of dumps during rainy seasons. 5 Programme of Afforestation Regional trees like Casuarinas. Eucalyptus, Teak, Mango etc will be planted along the Lease boundary and avenues as well as over Non-active dumps at a rate of 20 trees per annum with interval 5m in between.
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