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ARPlogo_White_2013.tif ARPlogo_Black_2013.bmp Click the paper clip ARPlogo_White_2013.bmp ARPlogo_Black_2013.png to view and save them to ARPlogo_White_2013.png 25 years as the leadingyour computer. motorsport technology publication ARP CMYK Colors 11 Volume 25 Volume C: 10 C: 100 C: 100 Y: 100 Y: 0 Y: 0 M: 100 M: 20 M: 0 K: 0 K: 0 K: 0 ARP Pantone Colors Pantone 485 C Pantone Process Blue Coated Pantone Yellow Coated Updated: March 14, 2013 25YEARS OF INSIGHT November 2015 • Vol 25 No11 • www.racecar-engineering.com • UK £5.95 • US $14.50 9 7 7 0 9 6 1 1 0 9 1 0 4 Ferrari’s F1 1 1 Sauber C34 Ferrari Formula 1 Power unit 1 Power Formula Ferrari power unit revealed Formula E updates Formula Full tech details of the Scuderia’s 1.6 litre hybrid November 2015 Lada Vesta WTCC Sauber C34 Formula E 2015 Russia’s World Touring Car Under the skin of Swiss What’s new for all-electric challenger takes on title fi ght Formula 1 contender series’ second season RCE_Cover_Nov_AC.indd 3 22/09/2015 15:14 BLACKOUT_REVfor UK pubs_Layout 1 8/25/15 1:40 PM Page 1 BLACK OUT! 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[email protected] tel 562 861 4765 fax 562 861 5503 EUROPE JLS MOTORSPORT [email protected] tel 44 (0) 121 525 5800 fax 44 (0) 121 525 4833 Untitled-26 1 16/09/2015 09:41 CONTENTS – NOVEMBER 2015 – Volume 25 Number 11 COVER STORY TECHNICAL 16 Ferrari F1 power unit 49 Consultant How Ferrari turned its V6 into a winner Do drawing boards still have a place in design? 53 Databytes COLUMNS Switching maps to suit the laps Aerobytes 5 Ricardo Divila 57 We put an LMP3 car in the wind tunnel Stimulated by the simulated? Then this is for you Brembo 7 Mike Blanchet 60 Italian brake maker reveals its trade secrets Formula Renault 3.5 has been saved, but for how long? 63 Danny Nowlan FEATURES Why there is still a need for hand calculations 68 Riley Technologies 8 Sauber C34 The tie-up with Multimatic that won the LMP2 deal Why has the Swiss team’s 2015 F1 car failed to shine? 72 Tech Update: WEC 26 New GP3 for 2016 The controversial tweaks that have put Porsche on top Getting up close to Dallara’s new racecar 76 Tech Discussion 29 Formula E What’s the best way to control costs in motorsport? Our technical preview to season two 38 Venturi Buckeye Bullet BUSINESS NEWS & PEOPLE Electric record car on the Bonneville Salt Flats 79 Industry News 42 Lada Vesta touring car Formula 1 rakes in over a billion dollars Russia’s latest WTCC challenger 88 Racecar People Racing legend John Surtees talks engineering 93 Autosport Engineering The build up to January’s show continues 97 Products Gleaming goodies for the pitlane and workshop 98 Bump Stop Porsche has stolen a march on its rivals in the WEC with a controversial new aerodynamic package for its 919 Hybrid and its own take on the fuelling regulations. Turn to Tech Update (p72) for our detailed analysis Subscribe to Racecar Engineering – find the best offers online www.racecar-engineering.com Contact us with your comments and views on @RacecarEd or on Facebook.com/RacecarEngineering NOVEMBER 2015 www.racecar-engineering.com 3 Contents_Nov_MBAC.indd 3 22/09/2015 14:45 POLE PRECISION www.avl.com/racing Untitled-31 1 15/04/2015 12:21 STRAIGHT TALK – RICARDO DIVILA Alternative realities Our columnist ponders the age-old issue of simulation versus reality he ancient Greek philosopher Plato wrestled algorithms. So the tool is to use our knowledge of mathematical physics (including the first version of with reality, and posed the interesting physics and maths to create an experimental world what is now known as Stokes’ theorem). Between Texample of reality perceived being by the where we can change the parameters and see them they nailed FEA and CFD, the Navier-Stoke shadow cast on the wall of the cave by the light of what differing results we would have with different equations being the cornerstone of CFD and the flickering fire. True reality would be only grasped inputs. It can be run as a computer simulation to Navier’s work the basis of FEA. by leaving the cave and seeing the real world. One reproduce behaviour of a system. The simulation The first paper on three-dimensional modelling interpretation of the allegory of the cave is about uses an abstract model to simulate the system. was published by John Hess and AMO Smith of human ignorance and a people who are unable They’ve become a useful part of mathematical Douglas Aircraft in 1967. This method discretized or unwilling to seek truth and wisdom. But there modelling of many natural systems in physics, the surface of the geometry with panels, giving was another philosopher that looked at the world astrophysics, climatology, chemistry and biology; rise to this class of programs being called Panel another way, Aristotle, Plato’s chief disciple. and human systems in economics, psychology, Methods. Their method itself was simplified, in that Against Plato’s belief in mysterious entities social science and engineering. it did not include lifting flows and hence was mainly called Forms, available only to the intellect and When laying out a car, it is interesting to play applied to ship hulls and aircraft fuselages. whose presence provides the foundation for all around with wheelbases, track widths, weight material beings, Aristotle eschewed the Forms for distribution, cg height, roll centres, aero distribution, Lap time simulation an empiricism that begins with particular material as many parameters as we want, with the added Back to LTS, Cornell university was doing work beings as the most real beings and then proceeds bonus of highlighting, via result, the sensitivity in the late ’60s, but now on computers, and we toward generalisations, not unlike the inductive of each input for the result. That in itself already probably had the first LTS in F1 in 1977, run on a method scientists employ today. highlights the areas that will give the most returns. 12kB HP 9821… a lap could be simulated in roughly So you can espouse the idealism of Plato or the For motor racing, apart from lap times, there two hours as the simple bicycle model was run. It empiricism of Aristotle. Plato asks: ‘How do you want are several other areas of interest for simulation; was a great boon for design choices, as the major your world to be?’ Aristotle, on the other hand, characteristics could be optimised. asks: ‘How do you fit into the world that already The trap in some simulation The trap in some simulation is the wrong exists?’ The two philosophies have repeated assumption of weights or inputs. Francis themselves through Western history, waxing is the wrong assumption of Bacon warned us of this in Of Simulation and and waning and remaining in tension with each Dissimulation, 1597 ‘… therefore a general other to the present day. weights or inputs custom of simulation (which is this last degree) is a vice, using either of a natural Back to reality falseness or fearfulness.’ In engineering, reality will be the driving force The simplification of some assumptions behind decisions. One cannot wish for a result can be fiddled in the general simulation by without taking in account the laws of physics the very useful fudge-factors embedded in and what we observe. Simulating what most LTS to make them fit the track data. Too happens can be done for a variety of useful liberal a use of the fudge knob might turn reasons, for example cost, time, or the need to the whole exercise into a mere Disneyland be able to tweak one variable at a time. simulacra, as quoted by Jean Baudrillard (the It is not a new idea, being used from time high priest of postmodernism). His key ideas immemorial to think out what would be the include two that are often used in discussing result of a particular action or combination of postmodernism in the arts: ‘simulation’ and factors in the light of the knowledge you have; XPB ‘the hyperreal’. The hyperreal is ‘more real used in politics, economics, and generally in Is this motorsport’s version of Plato’s cave? Modern simulators than real’: something fake and artificial comes any situation where the outcome is simulated get fairly close to reality but lap time simulations can be fudged to be more definitive of the real than reality in your mind before engaging in any action.