Mollusca, Gastropoda) with Description of a New Species
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First fossil records of the Recent Ovulid genus Pseudocypraea Schilder, 1927 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) with description of a new species Jean-Michel PACAUD Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 8569 du CNRS, 8 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Pacaud J.-M. 2003. — First fossil records of the Recent Ovulid genus Pseudocypraea Schilder, 1927 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) with description of a new species. Geodiversitas 25 (3) : 451-462. ABSTRACT The genus Pseudocypraea Schilder, 1927 (Gastropoda, Cypraeoidea, Ovulidae) was previously known by the living type species Pseudocypraea adamsonii (Sowerby, 1832) from Indo-Pacific Province, Galapagos and Coco islands and by the deep-water species Pseudocypraea exquisita Petuch, 1979 from the Philippines and South Africa. Pseudocypraea dolini n. sp. is described KEY WORDS here from the Bartonian (Marinesian, middle Eocene) of Le Quoniam Mollusca, Gastropoda, (Haravilliers, Val d’Oise, France). Pseudocypraea eratoformis (Hoernes & Ovulidae, Auinger, 1880) n. comb. is also proposed for Cypraea (Cypraeovulva) erato- Pseudocypraea dolini n. sp., middle Eocene, formis Hoernes & Auinger, 1880 from the Langhian (early Badenian, middle middle Miocene, Miocene) of Lapugiu de Sus (“Lapugy”, Rumania). These two fossils confirm Bartonian, the diagnostic characters of Pseudocypraea, hitherto only based on the two France, first fossil report, extant species. The total number of species is now raised to four and the new species. geographical distribution of the genus enlarged. GEODIVERSITAS • 2003 • 25 (3) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.geodiversitas.com 451 Pacaud J.-M. RÉSUMÉ Première observation fossile du genre d’Ovulidae actuel Pseudocypraea Schilder, 1927 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) et description d’une espèce nouvelle. Le genre Pseudocypraea Schilder, 1927 (Gastropoda, Cypraeoidea, Ovulidae) n’était jusqu’ici connu que par l’espèce type actuelle, Pseudocypraea adamsonii (Sowerby, 1832) de la Province Indo-Pacifique, des îles Galapagos et Coco et par l’espèce Pseudocypraea exquisita Petuch, 1979 des eaux profondes des Philippines et d’Afrique du Sud. Pseudocypraea dolini n. sp. est décrite du MOTS CLÉS Bartonien (Marinésien, Éocène moyen) du Quoniam (Haravilliers, Val Mollusca, Gastropoda, d’Oise, France). Pseudocypraea eratoformis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880) Ovulidae, n. comb. est aussi proposé pour Cypraea (Cypraeovula) eratoformis Hoernes & Pseudocypraea dolini n. sp., Éocène moyen, Auinger, 1880 du Langhien (Badenien inférieur, Miocène moyen) de Miocène moyen, Lapugiu de Sus (« Lapugy », Roumanie). Ces deux espèces fossiles permettent Bartonien, de valider les caractères différentiels de Pseudocypraea, qui jusqu’à maintenant France, première observation fossile, n’étaient fondés que sur les deux espèces actuelles. Le nombre total d’espèces nouvelle espèce. s’élève maintenant à quatre et la répartition géographique du genre est élargie. INTRODUCTION Oligocene/Miocene boundary (e.g., Conocypraea and Cypraedia s.s.). In this context of putative Two cypraeid genera (Bernaya Jousseaume, 1884 extinction of the Paleogene genera, the descrip- and Conocypraea Oppenheim, 1901) and six tion of an Eocene species of the ovulid genus ovulid genera (Eocypraea Cossmann, 1903, Pseudocypraea (P. dolini n. sp.), showing the char- Sphaerocypraea Schilder, 1927, Neosimnia acteristic shell features of the extant species Fischer, 1884, Eotrivia Schilder, 1924, Cypraedia P. adamsonii (Sowerby, 1832) and P. exquisita Swainson, 1840 and Eucypraedia Schilder, 1939) Petuch, 1979, increases the knowledge of the are known from the Bartonian (middle Eocene) paleobiogeographical distribution of the of the Paris Basin (Dolin et al. 1980: 29). Only Ovulidae. Taking into consideration all available one cypraeid, Conocypraea antiqua (Lamarck, information on fossil ovulids, it is quite clear, 1810), has been readily collected in the Cresnes from the original illustrations of the nominal and Marines sands formations of this area. The species Cypraea (Cypraeovula) eratoformis Hoernes fauna of the Priabonian (Lattorfian, upper & Auinger, 1880 (p. 61, pl. 8, fig. 7a-c) from the Eocene) of Germany, which is less diversified than Langhian (middle Miocene) of Lapugiu de Sus that of the Bartonian of the Paris Basin, only (“Lapugy”, Rumania), that it is in fact a typical yields two cypraeid genera (Bernaya and Pseudocypraea. The description of P. dolini n. sp. Conocypraea) and four ovulid genera (Eocypraea, and the new generic assignment of P. eratoformis ?Apiocypraea Schilder, 1927, Neosimnia and n. comb. are as important for the knowledge of Cypraeogemmula Vredenburg, 1920) (von the Ovulidae, as the description of the extant Koenen 1890: 557-570, pl. 39; Schilder 1951: Chimaeria incomparabilis Briano, 1993 (p. 14- 180, 181). The Priabonian stage is also character- 17) from Somalia, originally described as a ized by the occurrence of Cypraeogemmula Cypraeidae, but which turned out to be a typical liliputana Schilder, 1922. Except for Sphaero- Sphaerocypraea, as pointed out by Fehse (2000: cypraea and Neosimnia, all the recorded genera 55-58, fig. 1a-d) and Dolin & Ledon (2002: 338, disappear at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary 339, fig. 4C, D). In contrast to the case of (e.g., Bernaya and Eocypraea) or at the Sphaerocypraea, which is represented by a single 452 GEODIVERSITAS • 2003 • 25 (3) A new Pseudocypraea from the Bartonian of the Paris Basin extant species, but unknown in the fossil record PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTEXT after the middle Miocene (Dolin & Ledon 2002: 338-341), Pseudocypraea was hitherto only PALEOBIODIVERSITY known as recent, but now appears to have been In a paleontological study based on the sorting already present in the upper Eocene. of 20 dm3 of fossiliferous sand from Le Quoniam, Perreau (1968: 210) recorded 287 ABBREVIATIONS mollusc species. Despite the poor preservation of BMNH Palaeontology Department of the the broken or worn out shells, the faunal diversi- Natural History Museum, London; DMNH Delaware Museum of Natural ty of this locality now appears even richer, and History, Wilmington; subsequent field investigations at Le Quoniam MNHN-DHT Muséum national d’Histoire have provided a remarkably rich material that naturelle, Département Histoire de can be referred to about 600 mollusc species. la Terre, Paris; MNHN-DSE Muséum national d’Histoire The comparison between the species diversity at naturelle, Département Systéma- Le Quoniam and the published lists of other tique et Évolution, Paris; Bartonian faunas demonstrates that this fossi- NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, liferous sand is comparable, as to its species Geologisch-Paläontologische Abteilung. diversity, to the richest outcrops of the Paris Basin, such as, for example, that of Baron (Oise) (Dolin et al. 1980). Numerous species recorded GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION from other localities of the Anglo-Parisian AND STRATIGRAPHICAL POSITION Basin (upper Lutetian of Cotentin, lower OF LE QUONIAM Bartonian of Bois-Gouët [Saffré, Loire- Atlantique] and English Bartonian) have been The fossiliferous deposits is located at Le sampled here. Several species found at Le Quoniam (Val d’Oise, France), near the road Quoniam may have been transported from else- from Haravilliers to Cresnes (Fig. 1A), about where by currents, but Globularia sigaretina 500 m to the north of Le Quoniam (Lambert berthelini (Cossmann, 1892) is abundant and coordinates: x = 578.3; y = 164.98; z = 147). well preserved, and seems to be autochtonous The fossiliferous deposits at Le Quoniam have and not reworked. been known since long ago. Morellet & Morellet (1922: 170, 171) described the section (Fig. 1B) PALEOECOLOGY and noticed the superposition of the Cresnes The molluscan assemblage from Le Quoniam facies (Marinesian) upon the Auvers facies indisputably represents an accumulation of (Auversien). In 1935 (p. 99, 100) and 1948 organisms coming from different environments (p. 116), Morellet & Morellet have reexamined (Fig. 1C). In the pebble-bearing sandy levels, the the Le Quoniam fauna from the Cresnes facies littorinid Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897, and correlated it with that of the two neighbour- Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834, Melarhaphe ing localities of Le Ruel and Marines. The gra- Menke, 1828 and Peasiella Nevill, 1884, the nulometric and mineralogic study of the planaxid Leioplanaxis Lozouet & Maestrati, fossiliferous sands from Le Quoniam shows that 1994, Hinea Gray, 1847 and numerous other they are relatively coarse, similar to the Cresnes genera that are very abundant at Le Quoniam, sands from Le Ruel, Marines, or Chavençon, and indicate a mediolittoral community living on mixed here and there with finer sand. The Cresnes hard substrates (Lozouet & Maestrati 1994: 166; and Marines sands are referred to the middle Dolin & Pacaud 2000: 54). The dynamics of the Eocene, and more precisely to either the NP 16 environment was sufficient to accumulate some biozone (Aubry 1988) or the NP 17 biozone terrestrial and lagoonal species as well. In the (Aubry 1983, 1988 ; Cavelier & Pomerol 1983). finer sandy levels, lacking pebbles, the assemblage GEODIVERSITAS • 2003 • 25 (3) 453 Pacaud J.-M. consists of fragile and well preserved molluscs, Cypraeoidea), adapical acuminate ridge, canaliculated such as the gastropod Floribella corrugata excurrent channel, forming a protruding bridge, neck forming an adaxial obtuse bottom, spiral incision (Cossmann, 1889) (see Valdés & Lozouet 2000: developing