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First Scientific Results with the VLT in Visitor and Service Modes
No. 98 – December 1999 First Scientific Results with the VLT in Visitor and Service Modes Starting with this issue, The Messenger will regularly include scientific results obtained with the VLT. One of the results reported in this issue is a study of NGC 3603, the most massive visible H II region in the Galaxy, with VLT/ISAAC in the near-infrared Js, H, and Ks-bands and HST/WFPC2 at Hα and [N II] wavelengths. These VLT observations are the most sensitive near-infrared observations made to date of a dense starburst region, allowing one to in- vestigate with unprecedented quality its low-mass stellar population. The sensitivity limit to stars detected in all three bands corresponds to 0.1 M0 for a pre-main-sequence star of age 0.7 Myr. The observations clearly show that sub-solar-mass stars down to at least 0.1 M0 do form in massive starbursts (from B. Brandl, W. Brandner, E.K. Grebel and H. Zinnecker, page 46). Js versus Js–Ks colour-magnitude diagrams of NGC 3603. The left-hand panel contains all stars detected in all three wave- bands in the entire field of view (3.4′×3.4′, or 6 pc × 6 pc); the centre panel shows the field stars at r > 75″ (2.25 pc) around the cluster, and the right-hand panel shows the cluster population within r < 33″ (1pc) with the field stars statistically subtracted. The dashed horizontal line (left-hand panel) indicates the detection limit of the previous most sensitive NIR study (Eisenhauer et al. -
Spatial Distribution of Galactic Globular Clusters: Distance Uncertainties and Dynamical Effects
Juliana Crestani Ribeiro de Souza Spatial Distribution of Galactic Globular Clusters: Distance Uncertainties and Dynamical Effects Porto Alegre 2017 Juliana Crestani Ribeiro de Souza Spatial Distribution of Galactic Globular Clusters: Distance Uncertainties and Dynamical Effects Dissertação elaborada sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Eduardo Luis Damiani Bica, co- orientação do Prof. Dr. Charles José Bon- ato e apresentada ao Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul em preenchimento do requisito par- cial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Física. Porto Alegre 2017 Acknowledgements To my parents, who supported me and made this possible, in a time and place where being in a university was just a distant dream. To my dearest friends Elisabeth, Robert, Augusto, and Natália - who so many times helped me go from "I give up" to "I’ll try once more". To my cats Kira, Fen, and Demi - who lazily join me in bed at the end of the day, and make everything worthwhile. "But, first of all, it will be necessary to explain what is our idea of a cluster of stars, and by what means we have obtained it. For an instance, I shall take the phenomenon which presents itself in many clusters: It is that of a number of lucid spots, of equal lustre, scattered over a circular space, in such a manner as to appear gradually more compressed towards the middle; and which compression, in the clusters to which I allude, is generally carried so far, as, by imperceptible degrees, to end in a luminous center, of a resolvable blaze of light." William Herschel, 1789 Abstract We provide a sample of 170 Galactic Globular Clusters (GCs) and analyse its spatial distribution properties. -
Globular Clusters in the Inner Galaxy Classified from Dynamical Orbital
MNRAS 000,1{17 (2019) Preprint 14 November 2019 Compiled using MNRAS LATEX style file v3.0 Globular clusters in the inner Galaxy classified from dynamical orbital criteria Angeles P´erez-Villegas,1? Beatriz Barbuy,1 Leandro Kerber,2 Sergio Ortolani3 Stefano O. Souza 1 and Eduardo Bica,4 1Universidade de S~aoPaulo, IAG, Rua do Mat~ao 1226, Cidade Universit´aria, S~ao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil 2Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16, Ilh´eus 45662-000, Brazil 3Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia `Galileo Galilei', Universit`adi Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, Padova, I-35122, Italy 4Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Astronomia, CP 15051, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil Accepted XXX. Received YYY; in original form ZZZ ABSTRACT Globular clusters (GCs) are the most ancient stellar systems in the Milky Way. There- fore, they play a key role in the understanding of the early chemical and dynamical evolution of our Galaxy. Around 40% of them are placed within ∼ 4 kpc from the Galactic center. In that region, all Galactic components overlap, making their disen- tanglement a challenging task. With Gaia DR2, we have accurate absolute proper mo- tions for the entire sample of known GCs that have been associated with the bulge/bar region. Combining them with distances, from RR Lyrae when available, as well as ra- dial velocities from spectroscopy, we can perform an orbital analysis of the sample, employing a steady Galactic potential with a bar. We applied a clustering algorithm to the orbital parameters apogalactic distance and the maximum vertical excursion from the plane, in order to identify the clusters that have high probability to belong to the bulge/bar, thick disk, inner halo, or outer halo component. -
Global Fitting of Globular Cluster Age Indicators
A&A 456, 1085–1096 (2006) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20065133 & c ESO 2006 Astrophysics Global fitting of globular cluster age indicators F. Meissner1 and A. Weiss1 Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany e-mail: [meissner;weiss]@mpa-garching.mpg.de Received 3 March 2006 / Accepted 12 June 2006 ABSTRACT Context. Stellar models and the methods for the age determinations of globular clusters are still in need of improvement. Aims. We attempt to obtain a more objective method of age determination based on cluster diagrams, avoiding the introduction of biases due to the preference of one single age indicator. Methods. We compute new stellar evolutionary tracks and derive the dependence of age indicating points along the tracks and isochrone – such as the turn-off or bump location – as a function of age and metallicity. The same critical points are identified in the colour-magnitude diagrams of globular clusters from a homogeneous database. Several age indicators are then fitted simultaneously, and the overall best-fitting isochrone is selected to determine the cluster age. We also determine the goodness-of-fit for different sets of indicators to estimate the confidence level of our results. Results. We find that our isochrones provide no acceptable fit for all age indicators. In particular, the location of the bump and the brightness of the tip of the red giant branch are problematic. On the other hand, the turn-off region is very well reproduced, and restricting the method to indicators depending on it results in trustworthy ages. Using an alternative set of isochrones improves the situation, but neither leads to an acceptable global fit. -
FORS2/VLT Survey of Milky Way Globular Clusters I. Description Of
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. dias˙et˙al˙2014b c ESO 2018 October 8, 2018 FORS2/VLT survey of Milky Way globular clusters I. Description of the method for derivation of metal abundances in the optical and application to NGC 6528, NGC 6553, M 71, NGC 6558, NGC 6426 and Terzan 8 ⋆ B. Dias1,2, B. Barbuy1, I. Saviane2, E. V. Held3, G. S. Da Costa4, S. Ortolani3,5, S. Vasquez2,6, M. Gullieuszik3, and D. Katz7 1 Universidade de S˜ao Paulo, Dept. de Astronomia, Rua do Mat˜ao 1226, S˜ao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] 2 European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Santiago, Chile 3 INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy 4 Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mount Stromlo Observatory, via Cotter Road, Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia 5 Universit`adi Padova, Dipartimento di Astronomia, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 2, 35122 Padova, Italy 6 Instituto de Astrofisica, Facultad de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile 7 GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Universit´eParis Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen 92190 Meudon, France Received: ; accepted: ABSTRACT Context. We have observed almost 1/3 of the globular clusters in the Milky Way, targeting distant and/or highly reddened objects, besides a few reference clusters. A large sample of red giant stars was observed with FORS2@VLT/ESOat R∼2,000. The method for derivation of stellar parameters is presented with application to six reference clusters. Aims. We aim at deriving the stellar parameters effective temperature, gravity, metallicity and alpha-element enhancement, as well as radial velocity, for membership confirmation of individual stars in each cluster. -
7.5 X 11.5.Threelines.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19267-5 - Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters: From Herschel to Dreyer’s New General Catalogue Wolfgang Steinicke Index More information Name index The dates of birth and death, if available, for all 545 people (astronomers, telescope makers etc.) listed here are given. The data are mainly taken from the standard work Biographischer Index der Astronomie (Dick, Brüggenthies 2005). Some information has been added by the author (this especially concerns living twentieth-century astronomers). Members of the families of Dreyer, Lord Rosse and other astronomers (as mentioned in the text) are not listed. For obituaries see the references; compare also the compilations presented by Newcomb–Engelmann (Kempf 1911), Mädler (1873), Bode (1813) and Rudolf Wolf (1890). Markings: bold = portrait; underline = short biography. Abbe, Cleveland (1838–1916), 222–23, As-Sufi, Abd-al-Rahman (903–986), 164, 183, 229, 256, 271, 295, 338–42, 466 15–16, 167, 441–42, 446, 449–50, 455, 344, 346, 348, 360, 364, 367, 369, 393, Abell, George Ogden (1927–1983), 47, 475, 516 395, 395, 396–404, 406, 410, 415, 248 Austin, Edward P. (1843–1906), 6, 82, 423–24, 436, 441, 446, 448, 450, 455, Abbott, Francis Preserved (1799–1883), 335, 337, 446, 450 458–59, 461–63, 470, 477, 481, 483, 517–19 Auwers, Georg Friedrich Julius Arthur v. 505–11, 513–14, 517, 520, 526, 533, Abney, William (1843–1920), 360 (1838–1915), 7, 10, 12, 14–15, 26–27, 540–42, 548–61 Adams, John Couch (1819–1892), 122, 47, 50–51, 61, 65, 68–69, 88, 92–93, -
![Arxiv:1410.1542V1 [Astro-Ph.SR] 6 Oct 2014 H Rtrdsa Ntegoua Lse 5.Orsre Also Survey Our Galaxy](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/2577/arxiv-1410-1542v1-astro-ph-sr-6-oct-2014-h-rtrdsa-ntegoua-lse-5-orsre-also-survey-our-galaxy-1582577.webp)
Arxiv:1410.1542V1 [Astro-Ph.SR] 6 Oct 2014 H Rtrdsa Ntegoua Lse 5.Orsre Also Survey Our Galaxy
ACTA ASTRONOMICA Vol. 64 (2014) pp. 1–1 Over 38000 RR Lyrae Stars in the OGLE Galactic Bulge Fields∗ I.Soszynski´ 1 , A.Udalski1 , M.K.Szymanski´ 1 , P.Pietrukowicz1 , P. Mróz1 , J.Skowron1 , S.Kozłowski1 , R.Poleski1,2 , D.Skowron1 , G.Pietrzynski´ 1,3 , Ł.Wyrzykowski1,4 , K.Ulaczyk1 , andM.Kubiak1 1 Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland e-mail: (soszynsk,udalski)@astrouw.edu.pl 2 Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA 3 Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Astronomia, Casilla 160–C, Concepción, Chile 4 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK Received ABSTRACT We present the most comprehensive picture ever obtained of the central parts of the Milky Way probed with RR Lyrae variable stars. This is a collection of 38 257 RR Lyr stars detected over 182 square degrees monitored photometrically by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) in the most central regions of the Galactic bulge. The sample consists of 16 804 variables found and published by the OGLE collaboration in 2011 and 21 453 RR Lyr stars newly detected in the photometric databases of the fourth phase of the OGLE survey (OGLE-IV). 93% of the OGLE-IV variables were previously unknown. The total sample consists of 27 258 RRab, 10 825 RRc, and 174 RRd stars. We provide OGLE-IV I- and V-band light curves of the variables along with their basic parameters. About 300 RR Lyr stars in our collection are plausible members of 15 globular clusters. -
(Ap) Mag Size Distance Rise Transit Set Gal NGC 6217 Arp 185 Umi
Herschel 400 Observing List, evening of 2015 Oct 15 at Cleveland, Ohio Sunset 17:49, Twilight ends 19:18, Twilight begins 05:07, Sunrise 06:36, Moon rise 09:51, Moon set 19:35 Completely dark from 19:35 to 05:07. Waxing Crescent Moon. All times local (EST). Listing All Classes visible above the perfect horizon and in twilight or moonlight before 23:59. Cls Primary ID Alternate ID Con RA (Ap) Dec (Ap) Mag Size Distance Rise Transit Set Gal NGC 6217 Arp 185 UMi 16h31m48.9s +78°10'18" 11.9 2.6'x 2.1' - 15:22 - Gal NGC 2655 Arp 225 Cam 08h57m35.6s +78°09'22" 11 4.5'x 2.8' - 7:46 - Gal NGC 3147 MCG 12-10-25 Dra 10h18m08.0s +73°19'01" 11.3 4.1'x 3.5' - 9:06 - PNe NGC 40 PN G120.0+09.8 Cep 00h13m59.3s +72°36'43" 10.7 1.0' 3700 ly - 23:03 - Gal NGC 2985 MCG 12-10-6 UMa 09h51m42.0s +72°12'01" 11.2 3.8'x 3.1' - 8:39 - Gal Cigar Galaxy M 82 UMa 09h57m06.5s +69°35'59" 9 9.3'x 4.4' 12.0 Mly - 8:45 - Gal NGC 1961 Arp 184 Cam 05h43m51.6s +69°22'44" 11.8 4.1'x 2.9' 180.0 Mly - 4:32 - Gal NGC 2787 MCG 12-9-39 UMa 09h20m40.5s +69°07'51" 11.6 3.2'x 1.8' - 8:09 - Gal NGC 3077 MCG 12-10-17 UMa 10h04m31.3s +68°39'09" 10.6 5.1'x 4.2' 12.0 Mly - 8:52 - Gal NGC 2976 MCG 11-12-25 UMa 09h48m29.2s +67°50'21" 10.8 6.0'x 3.1' 15.0 Mly - 8:36 - PNe Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6543 Dra 17h58m31.7s +66°38'25" 8.3 22" 4400 ly - 16:49 - Open NGC 7142 Collinder 442 Cep 21h45m34.2s +65°51'16" 10 12.0' 5500 ly - 20:35 - Gal NGC 2403 MCG 11-10-7 Cam 07h38m20.9s +65°33'36" 8.8 20.0'x 10.0' 11.0 Mly - 6:26 - Open NGC 637 Collinder 17 Cas 01h44m15.4s +64°07'07" 7.3 3.0' 7000 ly - 0:33 -
Astronomical Coordinate Systems
Appendix 1 Astronomical Coordinate Systems A basic requirement for studying the heavens is being able to determine where in the sky things are located. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each sys- tem uses a coordinate grid projected on the celestial sphere, which is similar to the geographic coor- dinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth’s equator). Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The Equatorial Coordinate System The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the most closely related to the geographic coordinate system because they use the same funda- mental plane and poles. The projection of the Earth’s equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles onto the celestial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate sys- tems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth and rotates as the Earth does. The Equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but it’s really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec. for short). It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. -
108 Afocal Procedure, 105 Age of Globular Clusters, 25, 28–29 O
Index Index Achromats, 70, 73, 79 Apochromats (APO), 70, Averted vision Adhafera, 44 73, 79 technique, 96, 98, Adobe Photoshop Aquarius, 43, 99 112 (software), 108 Aquila, 10, 36, 45, 65 Afocal procedure, 105 Arches cluster, 23 B1620-26, 37 Age Archinal, Brent, 63, 64, Barkhatova (Bar) of globular clusters, 89, 195 catalogue, 196 25, 28–29 Arcturus, 43 Barlow lens, 78–79, 110 of open clusters, Aricebo radio telescope, Barnard’s Galaxy, 49 15–16 33 Basel (Bas) catalogue, 196 of star complexes, 41 Aries, 45 Bayer classification of stellar associations, Arp 2, 51 system, 93 39, 41–42 Arp catalogue, 197 Be16, 63 of the universe, 28 Arp-Madore (AM)-1, 33 Beehive Cluster, 13, 60, Aldebaran, 43 Arp-Madore (AM)-2, 148 Alessi, 22, 61 48, 65 Bergeron 1, 22 Alessi catalogue, 196 Arp-Madore (AM) Bergeron, J., 22 Algenubi, 44 catalogue, 197 Berkeley 11, 124f, 125 Algieba, 44 Asterisms, 43–45, Berkeley 17, 15 Algol (Demon Star), 65, 94 Berkeley 19, 130 21 Astronomy (magazine), Berkeley 29, 18 Alnilam, 5–6 89 Berkeley 42, 171–173 Alnitak, 5–6 Astronomy Now Berkeley (Be) catalogue, Alpha Centauri, 25 (magazine), 89 196 Alpha Orionis, 93 Astrophotography, 94, Beta Pictoris, 42 Alpha Persei, 40 101, 102–103 Beta Piscium, 44 Altair, 44 Astroplanner (software), Betelgeuse, 93 Alterf, 44 90 Big Bang, 5, 29 Altitude-Azimuth Astro-Snap (software), Big Dipper, 19, 43 (Alt-Az) mount, 107 Binary millisecond 75–76 AstroStack (software), pulsars, 30 Andromeda Galaxy, 36, 108 Binary stars, 8, 52 39, 41, 48, 52, 61 AstroVideo (software), in globular clusters, ANR 1947 -
Globular Cluster Club
Globular Cluster Observing Club Raleigh Astronomy Club Version 1.2 22 June 2007 Introduction Welcome to the Globular Cluster Observing Club! This list is intended to give you an appreciation for the deep-sky objects known as globular clusters. There are 153 known Milky Way Globular Clusters of which the entire list can be found on the seds.org site listed below. To receive your Gold level we will only have you do sixty of them along with one challenge object from a list of three. Challenge objects being the extra-galactic globular Mayall II (G1) located in the Andromeda Galaxy, Palomar 4 in Ursa Major, and Omega Centauri a magnificent southern globular. The first two challenge your scope and viewing ability while Omega Centauri challenges your ability to plan for a southern view. A Silver level is also available and will be within the range of a 4 inch to 8 inch scope depending upon seeing conditions. Many of the objects are found in the Messier, Caldwell, or Herschel catalogs and can springboard you into those clubs. The list is meant for your viewing enrichment and edification of these types of clusters. It is also meant to enhance your viewing skills. You are encouraged to view the clusters with a critical eye toward the cluster’s size, visual magnitude, resolvability, concentration and colors. The Astronomical League’s Globular Clusters Club book “Guide to the Globular Cluster Observing Club” is an excellent resource for this endeavor. You will be asked to either sketch the cluster or give a short description of your visual impression, citing seeing conditions, time, date, cluster’s size, magnitude, resolvability, concentration, and any star colors. -
Making a Sky Atlas
Appendix A Making a Sky Atlas Although a number of very advanced sky atlases are now available in print, none is likely to be ideal for any given task. Published atlases will probably have too few or too many guide stars, too few or too many deep-sky objects plotted in them, wrong- size charts, etc. I found that with MegaStar I could design and make, specifically for my survey, a “just right” personalized atlas. My atlas consists of 108 charts, each about twenty square degrees in size, with guide stars down to magnitude 8.9. I used only the northernmost 78 charts, since I observed the sky only down to –35°. On the charts I plotted only the objects I wanted to observe. In addition I made enlargements of small, overcrowded areas (“quad charts”) as well as separate large-scale charts for the Virgo Galaxy Cluster, the latter with guide stars down to magnitude 11.4. I put the charts in plastic sheet protectors in a three-ring binder, taking them out and plac- ing them on my telescope mount’s clipboard as needed. To find an object I would use the 35 mm finder (except in the Virgo Cluster, where I used the 60 mm as the finder) to point the ensemble of telescopes at the indicated spot among the guide stars. If the object was not seen in the 35 mm, as it usually was not, I would then look in the larger telescopes. If the object was not immediately visible even in the primary telescope – a not uncommon occur- rence due to inexact initial pointing – I would then scan around for it.