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ctbuh.org/papers Title: Structural System of Bundle-Type Skyscrapers Authors: Jae-Woo Chae, Research Assistant, University of Seoul Jung Seok Bang, Head of Department, Daelim Yoon Sang Kwon, Head of Department, Mooyoung Sung-Mo Choi, Professor, University of Seoul Subject: Structural Engineering Keywords: Composite Skybridges Steel Structure Publication Date: 2011 Original Publication: CTBUH 2011 Seoul Conference Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Jae-Woo Chae; Jung Seok Bang; Yoon Sang Kwon; Sung- Mo Choi CTBUH 2011 World Conference October 10-12, 2011, COEX, Seoul, KOREA _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MS04-01 Structural System of Bundle-type Skyscrapers Jae-Woo Chae1, Jung-Seok Bang2, Yoon-Sang Kwon3, Sung-Mo Choi4* 1Research Assistant, University of Seoul ( Seoul, Republic of Korea, [email protected] ) 2Head of Department, Daelim Industrial ( Seoul, Rebublic of Korea, [email protected] ) 3Head of Department, Mooyoungamecs ( Seoul, Rebublic of Korea, [email protected] ) 4Professor ,University of Seoul (Seoul, Republic of Korea, [email protected] ) Jae-Woo Chae1 Biography Jae-Woo Chae is currently high-rise steel composite structure of the University of Seoul in the laboratory is enrolled in master's courses. Major areas of research for the selection of a high-rise structural systems analysis and optimal design, technology and core technology development. Abstract Recently completed Burj Khalifa (828m, 162 stories) demonstrates that it is virtually feasible to build 1,000m tall skyscrapers. It is expected that the futuristic skyscrapers which were planned in Japan in 1990s will be realized in the near future. In the existing 100-story skyscrapers constructed as single units, elevation get smaller as they go up to minimize the influence of lateral load because larger cross- sectional width to height ratio means larger slenderness ratio. Unlike in the existing skyscrapers, it is required to secure lateral stiffness in the overall supertall buildings in order to resist lateral load effectively. In this study, the lateral stiffness associated with horizontally extending the existing single-unit skyscrapers, positioning the cores in outer part or dissecting the plane is examined. It is also examined that the lateral decrease rate at vertical locations is the most effective in skybridge system. And, the 300- story bundle-type skyscraper composed of connected single units is suggested to improve the stiffness of the overall building and resist lateral load effectively. Keywords: Hyper Building, Bundle- type, Skybridge System ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 716 CTBUH 2011 World Conference October 10-12, 2011, COEX, Seoul, KOREA _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. The trend in supertall buildings The skyscrapers which were planned to solve the problem of overpopulation in cities after the 20th century have been developed to constitute vertically-structured small cities, which marks the deviation from the horizontal extension of cities based on traffic network. Such a trend has changed the image and concept of the existing skyscrapers which mainly functioned as the landmarks of the cities. Therefore, the skyscrapers will not only exist as multifunctional complexes but also are expected to be multidimensional vertical urban spaces in cities which accommodate hundreds of thousands of people. Burj Khalifa completed in 2010 shows that today’s engineering technology is able to build 1,000m tall skyscrapers. As shown in figure 1, construction of supertall buildings was proposed in Japan and other countries in 1990s and the advance in material and construction technology and the development of structural system present the feasibility of the proposals. It is expected that the skyscrapers will not be merely part of cities but also constitute vertical cities accommodating more than a hundred thousand people apiece. Most of the existing skyscrapers of less than 100 stories are single-unit tower-types and mainly regarded as the landmarks of the cities. Figure 1 shows 3 types of supertall buildings. When it comes to tower-type, it is required to develop structural system which can resist lateral load as well as satisfy slenderness ratio. Bundle-type is the horizontal extension of single-unit skyscraper and less vulnerable to lateral load. In this study, bundle-type ideal for supertall buildings is proposed. It is similar to the concept of hyper-building composed of more than 3 horizontally and vertically extended tower units. In this study based on the concept of hyper-building, a 1,000m tall bundle-type skyscraper is suggested and the feasibility of employing skybridges in the bundle-type skyscraper composed of single buildings to resist wind and earthquakes effectively and secure lateral stiffness and structural safety of the overall building is examined. ‣Type : Pyramid ‣Type : Tower ‣Type : Bundle ‣Case : X-Seed 4000 ‣Case : Al Burj ‣Case :1-Dubai Tower ‣Height : 4000m (800F) ‣Height :1400m (200F) ‣Height : 1000m(203F) ‣Location : Tokyo (JPN) ‣Location : Dubai (UAE) ‣Location : Dubai (UAE) Figure. 4 Type classification of Supertall building ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 717 CTBUH 2011 World Conference October 10-12, 2011, COEX, Seoul, KOREA _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1. Supertall building plan Height Proposed Building Name City Floor meter years Mile High Tower USA 1610 528 1956 Sky City 1000 JPA 1000 196 1988 X-Seed 4000 JPA 4000 800 1990 Try2004 JPA 2004 400 1992 Aeropolis 2001 JPA 2001 500 1992 Pyramid in Pyramid SGP 1500 300 1993 Mother JPA 1321 220 1994 Super Pyramid JPA 1000 195 1994 Bionic Tower CHN 1228 300 2006 Al Burj UAE 1400 200 2008 Burj Mubarak KWT 1001 234 2008 2. Selection of the structural system for 300-story buildings 2.1 1 Classification of the existing bundle-type skyscrapers In a skyscraper, slenderness ratio of more than 1:5 makes the structure vulnerable to lateral load and the structural system to resist lateral load exert a great influence on the safety and economic efficiency of the structures. Twin-tower-type buildings characterized by the bridge system employed for connecting 2 buildings in order to improve stiffness and mitigate vibration have been built. The skybridge system shown in figure 2(a) is mainly for the functional purpose of being used as a passage. The one in figure 2(b) is for controlling wind because the plane structure is vulnerable to wind. The Triton Square Building in Japan shown in figure 2(c) is the first building to which skybridge system is employed in order to control vibration. The single units in the building are connected by an automated vibration control device. In addition, bearing system is employed to the supporting point of the skybridges as a seismic isolation device to prevent excessive stress concentration. A wide variety of systems to resist lateral force are being used today since excessive lateral displacement caused by an earthquake or wind load is an important issue to be dealt with in the design of skyscrapers. Outrigger system is widely employed to single structures of less than 100 stories for controlling lateral displacement. However, the outrigger system connecting the cores and columns is not enough to control the lateral displacement of a 300-story structure featuring different behaviors. The skybridge system enabling to control the displacement of each single unit is ideal for bundle-type supertall buildings. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 718 CTBUH 2011 World Conference October 10-12, 2011, COEX, Seoul, KOREA _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (a) Petronas Twin Tower (b) Incheon 151 Tower (c) Triton Square Building Figure 2. Skyscrapers employing bridge system 2.2 Characteristics of bundle-type structural system In order to compare the efficiency in securing lateral stiffness of a bundle-type building enabled by dissecting the plane and positioning the cores in outer part, the plane was dissected into smaller planes having same areas to find cross-sectional 2nd moment. As shown in figure 3, plane dissection resulted in the improvement in the lateral stiffness of the overall structure. It is deduced that dissecting the plane into smaller planes and locating them double cross-sectional 2nd moment and improve lateral stiffness of the overall building. Positioning cores in the outer part of the structure forming hexagonal shape as shown in figure 4 improves the stiffness of the overall building, provides structural stability and enhances serviceability. Void effect among buildings, efficient use of the plane and stable extension
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