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Systems Engineering and Safety: Building the Bridge

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Systems Engineering and Safety: Building the Bridge Glismann Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering Peter J. Glismann SYSTEMS ENGINEERING and SAFETY BUILDING THE BRIDGE SYSTEMS “Glismann undertook a difcult endeavor to take system safety engineering out of the science discourse and into a discussion of social breakdown. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND SAFETY Glismann offers a clear narrative of the social aspects to argue that safety ENGINEERING breakdown has more to do with the C4 than awed system analysis. His argument is an ideal introduction to safety and a must read for managers.” —Kevin J. Brogan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and Blacksburg, USA SAFETY Enhancing awareness of the interdependence of systems engineering and safety, Systems Engineering and Safety: Building the Bridge covers systems engineering methodology, safety tools, and the management needed BUILDING THE BRIDGE to build the bridge between these two disciplines. It underscores the relation- ship between the disciplines and how understanding the relationship can benet your organization and industry. The book lays out the purpose of the methodology of systems engineering and the tools of safety. It identies the importance of management and the culture, commitment, communication, and coordination that management must provide. The author describes the systems engineering methodology: the lifecycle, processes, and management and the technical processes with which systems engineers and safety professionals must be familiar. He merges management, systems engineering, and safety into the lifecycle through project processes. Using real-world examples, he also examines the roles and responsibilities of management, and a breakdown theory of safety in the management processes: The Glismann Effect. The strength of this book is that it can be read, understood, and hopefully acted upon by the chief executive ofcer of a corporation, and right down to the line manager of systems engineering or the subject matter expert in the safety department. This value can be measured in cost savings, be it in the form of human, social, or nancial capital. K15201 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING and SAFETY BUILDING THE BRIDGE Peter J. Glismann SYSTEMS ENGINEERING and SAFETY BUILDING THE BRIDGE Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20130403 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-5213-5 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, includ- ing photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com This book is dedicated to my father, Peter P. Glismann: July 16, 1932—March 24, 2012. His valiant battle with cancer was fought with the same blend of intense work ethic and charm that he always brought to all other endeavors in his life. He will always be an inspiration to me. Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. xiii About the Author .....................................................................................................xv Introduction ............................................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 Scope ....................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose of Systems Engineering ...............................................1 1.2 Purpose of Safety ......................................................................1 1.3 Need to Build the Bridge ...........................................................2 Chapter 2 Systems Engineering: Methodology ....................................................5 2.1 Systems Engineering Life Cycle ...............................................5 2.2 Systems Engineering Process ....................................................7 2.3 Systems Engineering Management ...........................................8 Chapter 3 Safety: Tools ....................................................................................... 11 3.1 Safety Techniques .................................................................... 11 3.2 Safety Processes ......................................................................23 3.2.1 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) .........................23 3.2.2 System Hazard Analysis (SHA) .................................25 3.2.3 Subsystem Hazard Analysis (SSHA)..........................26 3.2.4 Operating and Support Hazard Analysis (O&SHA) ....................................................................28 3.2.5 Sneak Circuit Analysis (SCA) ....................................30 3.2.6 Software Hazard Analysis (SWHA) .......................... 31 3.3 Safety Management ................................................................. 31 Chapter 4 Technical Processes ............................................................................37 4.1 Role of Technical Processes ....................................................37 4.2 Requirements Definition Process ............................................37 4.2.1 Capture Source Requirements ....................................37 4.2.2 Initialize the Requirements Database ........................38 4.2.3 Establish the Concept of Operations ..........................39 4.3 Requirements Analysis Process ..............................................39 4.3.1 Selection of Requirements (Characteristics of Good Requirements)................................................... 41 4.3.2 Define System Capabilities and Performance Objectives ...................................................................42 vii viii Contents 4.3.3 Define, Derive, and Refine Functional/ Performance Requirements ........................................42 4.3.4 Develop Specification Trees and Specifications .........42 4.3.5 Allocate Requirements and Establish Traceability ....44 4.3.6 Generate System Specification (System Design Document) ..................................................................44 4.4 Architectural Design Process ..................................................45 4.4.1 Define Selection Criteria ............................................45 4.4.2 Create System Element Alternatives ..........................45 4.4.3 Architecture Selection ................................................46 4.4.4 Architectural Configuration .......................................46 4.5 Implementation Process .......................................................... 47 4.5.1 Implementation Strategy ............................................ 47 4.5.2 Training Plan .............................................................. 47 4.6 Integration Process .................................................................. 47 4.6.1 Integration Strategy ....................................................48 4.6.2 Integration Constraints on Design ..............................48 4.6.3 Integration Procedures ...............................................48 4.6.4 System Build ..............................................................48 4.6.5 System Integration with External Systems ................49 4.7 Verification and Validation (V&V) Process ............................49 4.7.1 Verification and Validation Strategy ..........................49 4.7.2 Verification and Validation Concepts .........................49 4.8 Transition and Cutover Process ............................................... 51 4.8.1 Transition and Cutover Strategy ................................. 51 4.9 Operation Process ...................................................................
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