Masterarbeit / Master's Thesis

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Masterarbeit / Master's Thesis MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis „Reliving 80s´ Pop Culture – Trigger für Nostalgie und die (nostalgische) Retro-Stilisierung der 1980er Jahre in der US-amerikanischen Serie Stranger Things“ verfasst von / submitted by Jutta Steiner, BA BA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2018 / Vienna 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 581 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Theater-, Film- und Mediengeschichte degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Mag. Dr. Claus Tieber, Privatdoz. 2 3 Danksagung Dankbar blicke ich auf die Zeit meines Studiums zurück, in der ich Lehrende, KommilitonIn- nen und FreundInnen kennenlernen durfte, die mich inspirierten und meine Studienlaufbahn besonders machten. Ich danke meinem Betreuer Mag. Dr. Claus Tieber für die hervorragende Betreuung, sein fachlich kompetentes Feedback, seine vielen hilfreichen Anregungen und besonders für seine motivierenden Worte, die zum Gelingen dieser Arbeit beigetragen haben. Diese Arbeit möchte ich meinen Eltern widmen, ohne deren bedingungslosen Unterstützung und Liebe ich mein Studium niemals hätte absolvieren können. Ich bin dankbar, dass sie mit mir jeden noch so kleinen Erfolg feierten und mir dabei halfen, jede noch so große Niederlage zu überstehen. Einen herzlichen Dank möchte ich meiner Mutter aussprechen, die mir ohne Ausnahme und zu jeder Tages- und Nachtzeit Beistand leistete, jeden meiner verfassten Texte Korrektur las und aus deren unendlicher Fürsorge ich die Kraft schöpfen konnte, jedwede Herausforderung zu bestehen. 4 5 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides Statt, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbst und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. Ich habe mich bemüht, sämtliche Inhaber der Bildrechte ausfindig zu machen und ihre Zu- stimmung zur Verwendung der Bilder in dieser Arbeit eingeholt. Sollte dennoch eine Urhe- berrechtsverletzung bekannt werden, ersuche ich um Meldung bei mir. Wien, 2018 Jutta Steiner 6 7 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ........................................................................................................................ 11 2. Forschungsziel und Herangehensweise ........................................................................ 14 3. Nostalgie – Terminologische Grundlagen .................................................................... 18 3.1. Einleitende Worte zu Nostalgie ..................................................................................... 18 3.2. Ursprung und Entwicklung des Begriffs «Nostalgie» im medizinischen Diskurs ........ 20 3.3. Die Entpathologisierung von Nostalgie ........................................................................ 21 4. Nostalgie – ein globales Phänomen ............................................................................... 25 4.1. Erinnerungsformen ........................................................................................................ 26 4.1.1. Aleida Assmann – „Von individuellen zu kollektiven Konstruktionen der Vergangenheit“ ................................................................................................................. 26 4.1.2. Alison Landsberg – „Prosthetic memory“ ............................................................. 28 4.1.3. Individuelle und kollektive Nostalgien .................................................................. 30 5. „Retromania“ und „Nostalgia Boom“ .......................................................................... 34 5.1. Retromarketing – Nostalgie als wirksame Werbestrategie ........................................... 36 6. Nostalgie als mediales und kulturelles Phänomen in der Postmoderne .................... 40 6.1. Kulturkritische Stimmen ............................................................................................... 41 6.1.1. Jean Baudrillard und Fredric Jameson – Kulturkritiker erster Stunde ................... 42 6.1.2. Mark Fisher und Simon Reynolds – Zur Erschöpfung kultureller Techniken ....... 44 6.2. Massenmedien und Populärkultur als „Gegengedächtnis“ ........................................... 45 6.3. Dimensionen und Modalitäten postmoderner Nostalgie und postmoderner Kunst ...... 49 6.3.1. Noël Carroll – „Allusion to film history“ ............................................................... 50 7. Analysekategorien .......................................................................................................... 55 7.1. Mediennostalgie ............................................................................................................ 55 7.2. „Simple“, „Reflexive“ und „Interpreted Nostalgia“ ..................................................... 57 7.3. „Fictional nostalgia“ und „Artefact nostalgia“ .............................................................. 59 7.3.1. „Fictional nostalgia“ ............................................................................................... 60 7.3.2. „Artefact nostalgia“ ................................................................................................ 62 8. „Cultural Recycling“ in Film und Fernsehen .............................................................. 63 8.1. The 80s are back! – Die Wiederbelebung der 1980er Jahre in TV und Kino ............... 64 8.2. Die 1980er Jahre auf Netflix ......................................................................................... 68 8 8.2.1. „#TGIAnytime“ - Das familienfreundliche Programm auf Netflix ....................... 69 8.2.2. The Toys That Made Us ......................................................................................... 73 9. Stranger Things ............................................................................................................... 75 9.1. Zum Aufbau der Analyse .......................................................................................... 75 9.2. Verkauf und Vermarktung der Serie Stranger Things – „It uses nostalgia as their secret weapon“ ................................................................................................................................ 76 9.2.1. Trailer ..................................................................................................................... 80 9.2.2. Poster ...................................................................................................................... 85 9.2.3. Title Font ................................................................................................................ 90 9.3. Musik ............................................................................................................................. 93 9.3.1. Musik als nostalgischer Trigger ............................................................................. 93 9.3.2. „Mnemonic Prompts“ und „prosthetic memories“ ................................................. 95 9.3.3. Der nostalgische „score“ ...................................................................................... 101 9.3.4. Intro-Melodie ....................................................................................................... 111 9.4. Mediennostalgie/Technostalgia ................................................................................... 115 9.5. Matt und Ross Duffer – Die Serienentwicklung in der Praxis von „allusions“ .......... 117 9.5.1. Hommagen und (explizite) Anspielungen auf Inspirationsquellen ...................... 120 9.5.2. „Recreation of classic scenes and shots“ .............................................................. 122 9.5.3. „Recreations of themes, motifs and gestures“ ...................................................... 124 9.5.4. Vertraute Genre-Bilder ......................................................................................... 128 9.5.1. „Informed viewers“, „artefact“ und „fictional nostalgia“ .................................... 130 10. Figuren – „Period Casting“ ......................................................................................... 132 10.1. „Reworkings“ von Stereotypen in der Serie Stranger Things ................................... 133 10.2. „Echoing Past Roles“ ................................................................................................ 136 10.3. „Lookalikes“ .............................................................................................................. 139 10.4. Kostüme .................................................................................................................... 140 10.7. Freundschaft und das Idealbild einer Kindheit in der Serie Stranger Things ........... 142 11. Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................ 148 12. Quellenverzeichnis ....................................................................................................... 151 12.1. Selbständige Werke: .................................................................................................. 151 12.2. Unselbstständige Literatur: ......................................................................................
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