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Ÿþm Icrosoft W BLACK REVIEW 19756 EDITOR ASHA RAMBALLY PUBLISHED BY BLACK COMMUNITY PROGRAMMES 1977 ISBN 0 620 01958 1 Printed by LOVEDALE PRESS, LOVEDALE 5702 CONTENTS Acknowledgements v Introduction Vii List of Abbreviations ix 1 Government Created Political Bodies Bantustans 1 Transkei 10 Ciskei 32 Kwa-Zulu 44 Lebowa 51 Bophuthatswana 54 2 Government Created Political Bodies South African Indian Council 60 3 Government Created Political Bodies Coloured Persons Representative Council 68 4 Security Laws and their Application 76 5 Urban African Affairs 96 6 Black Consciousness 107 7 Black Organisations Political Pressure Groups Black People's Convention 119 Natal Indian Congress 125 South African Students' Organisation 126 Self-help and Religious Groups Black Community Programmes 128 Zimele Trust Fund 131 Association for Self-Help 133 Black Women's Federation of South Africa 133 Institute for Black Research 135 Institute of Black Studies 135 Edendale Lay Ecumenical Centre 136 Interdenominational African Ministers' Association of South Africa 137 8 Education-Primary and Secondary 138 9 Education-Teacher, Technical and Vocational 147 10 Education-Higher 152 11 Black Labour 160 12 Sport 176 13 Arts and Entertainment 193 14 Namibia 198 Index 218 Acknowledgements Black Community Programmes wishes to convey most sincere thanks + all the people who have helped to make publication of this y r's Review possible, particularly our friends who gave us assistance a this most crucial period. We are also grateful to our staff who, despite their daily chores, gave themselves time to see to the completion of this work. We apologise to our readers for the delay in the publication of this Review. Our publication date was set for August 1976, but due to seveial setbacks which we encountered we have only been able to complete the publication early in 1977. Introduction The period under review was marked by interesting developments and events within the black community. In virtually all aspects of life there were notable developments. In Bantustan politics, the peak of what propagators of apartheid see as the success of the separate development policy, was seen live in the Transkei when the territory was involved in intensive preparations for the emergence of a new state under the independence tag. The continued opposition to segregated schools and separate education for the various races in South Africa resulted in the country-wide disturbances. The solution to the long standing issue of liberation of Namibia and the acceleration of international pressure brought to bear on the South African government still continued to hit the news during the period under review. In the field of sport there were echoes calling for non- racialism in sport and the South African government was insisting on the need for adherence to multi-nationalism in* sport. Without delving into developments in each field, I want to mention that this book will present a valuable and interesting piece of literature from which the black community can assess its failures and successes in order to improve on the past. It was encouraging to observe that the distribution of the last issue of Black Review was fairly successful which indicated a growing sense of appreciation and interest on the part of the public. Black Review is used by researchers, libraries, educational institutions and ,those people who are interested in history because it strives towards projecting the objective facts about events and trends within the black community, presented by Blacks themselves. The Communications Department of Black Community Programmes wishes to apologise to its readers for the delay in publication. Due to certain circumstances we were unable to complete this book by August, as was scheduled. Nevertheless, the completion of Black Review 1975/76 still manifests endless efforts by our staff and the community support to make this venture a success as always. We wish our readers a pleasant time when assimilating the contents and also hope that the book will not only be displayed but read in order to know and to understand the black community better. A list of other publications available at all Black Community Programmes offices in the country appears at the end of the book, including books published during the year under review and available at Ravan Press. ASHA RAMBALLY, Editor List of Abbreviations AFC ANC APDUSA ASH BAAD BAD BAWU BCP BIC BJCC BMC BOSS BPA BPC BWF CDC CLA CNDC CNIP CNP CNUP CPRC CRC CULCOM DP EEC ELC EXCO FASA FIFA FINA GSC African Football Confederation African National Congress African People's Democratic Union of South Africa Association for Self-Help Bantu Affairs Administration Board Bantu Administration and Development Black Allied Workers' Union Black Community Programmes Ltd. Bantu Investment Corporation Black Joint Consultative Union Bantu Mining Corporation Bureau of State Security Black Parents' Association of Soweto Black People's Convention Black Women's Federation Coloured Development Corporation Ciskei Legislative Assembly Ciskei National Development Corporation Ciskei National Independence Party Ciskei National Party Ciskei National Unionist Party Coloured Persons' Representative Council Coloured Representative Council Cultural Committee (SASO) Democratic Party European Economic Community Evangelical Lutheran Church Executive Committee (SAIC) Football Association of South Africa International Football Association Federation International de Nation Amateur General Students' Council IBR IBS ICC IDAMASA ILTF LAC LDC MAWU MDALI MDARU MPC MPLA NAYO NIC NNC NPSL OAU Institute for Black Research Institute of Black Studies Inter Cabinet Council Interdenominational African Ministers' Association of South Africa International Lawn Tennis Federation Local Affairs Committee Lebowa Development Corporation Metal and Allied Workers' Union Music, Drama, Arts and Literature Institute Mdantsane Rugby Union Member of the Provincial Council Marxist Popular Movement National African Youth Organisation Natal Indian Congress Namibia National Convention National Professional Soccer League Organisation of African Unity Pan African Congress PAC SAABU SAACB. SAARB SAASF SAASU SABBC SACA SACBOC SACC SAIC SAITA SALTU SANFA SANROC SARF SARU SASM South African Amateur Boxing Union South African African Cricket Board South African African Rugby Board South African Swimming Federation South African Swimming Union South African Boxing Board of Control South African Cricket Association South African Cricket Board of Control South African Council of Churches South African Indian Council South African Indian Teachers' Association South African Lawn Tennis Union South African National Football Association South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee South African Rugby Federation South African Rugby Union South African Students' Movement SASO SRC SWA (RM) SWANU SWAPO TDC TLA TNIP TYRU UCM UN UNISA USA WRAB XDC YWCA South African Students' Organisation St dents' Representative Council South West Africa (Rhenish Mission) South West African National Union South West African People's Organisation Transkei Development Corporation Transkei Legislative Assembly Transkei National Independence Party Tigerburg Rugby Union University Christian Movement United Nations University of South Africa United States of America West Rand Administration Board Xhosa Development Corporation Young Women's Christian Association GOVERNMENT CREATED POLITICAL BODIES Bantustans The period under review, 1975-76, saw the maturity of the South African policy of Bantustans with the Transkei making definite preparations to get over the last hurdle of Bantustan developmentattainment of independence. With maturity there emerged some characteristics of the policy, some of which, although they had always been suspected by people opposed to the system, had, however, strictly remained in the back pocket of the men in the real driving seat-the South African Prime Minister, John Vorster, and his key men in the Bantu Affairs Department. Some of these characteristics have brought the whole system of 'bantustanisation' of the country into greater controversy than ever before. Of these characteristics that came up foremost was the capability of the policy to declare all Africans on the Southern part of the African continent, commonly known as South Africa, foreigners who had no rights, even to a limited extent, to citizenship of the country. They could be declared citizens of some nebulous states created by the South African Parliament. The Government was putting into practical effect the story, which had always been regarded only with theoretical significance, that the 18-20 million (it is not possible to give an accurate figure) African population in South Africa was, according to South African legislation, entitled to thirteen percent of the total surface area of the country. The provisions of the new South African Status of Transkei Act were seen by political observers as a precedent of similar provisions binding all future independent Bantustans. In a move that was apparently intended to cajole urban Africans to take Bantustan citizenship, the South African Government announced towards the end of 1975, that Africans in the urban areas could have leasehold agreements lasting thirty years over their homes, on condition that they first accepted citizenship of a Bantustan. This was only one of a battery of regulations that would compel Africans to find it more convenient to take Bantustan citizenship. Other measures in operation were that: when the birth
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