Lesson 1 (pp. 5-10) R o m u l u s (753-672 B.C.) Facts to Know Trojan chief; early king of ; hero of the

Romulus and Remus founders of Rome, twin brothers

Sylvia mother of and Remus

Vestal Virgins a tt e n d a n t s to , vowed not to marry

Faustulus herdsman who named and raised the twins

Palatine Hill where Rome was founded

Sabines t r i b e from which Romans took their wives

Tarpeia killed at the gate of

Campus Martius “fi e l d of (god of war)”; where soldiers trained

Tiber River r i v e r that runs through Rome

“It is the will of the gods that Rome shall be the greatest city of the world.” apparition of Romulus “You killed our mother and you shall die for it.” Vocabulary

1. …inhabited the adjacent mountains… ______next to, neighboring

2. …one of his descendants named Procas… ______offspring

3. …the feeble cries of the infants… ______weak

4. …Remus had a quarrel with some of the herdsmen… ______fight

5. He laughed scornfully… ______with contempt

6. So perish anyone who shall hereafter attempt… ______to die

7. …make Rome a place of refuge… ______place of shelter

8*. He established a body called the Senate… ______legislative assembly

9*. The descendants of those settlers were called patricians… ______nobles; ruling class

10*. The ordinary citizens were called … ______the common people

* Vocabulary items throughout the book marked with an asterisk are specialized for Roman history or . 6 Romulus (753-672 B.C.) Comprehension Questions 1. Why did put ’s son to death and make his daughter a ? Amulius knew his position as king was threatened by Numitor’s children. He worried that Numitor’s son would rise against him and claim his right to the throne or that his daughter might bear a son who could challenge him.

2. Why are Romans called a “she-wolf’s litter”? How does this name fit their national character? Romulus and Remus founded Rome. Romans were called a “she-wolf’s litter” because they descended from men so fierce and courageous that they were raised by a wolf rather than a human mother.

3. How did the twins decide who would be king of Rome? The two boys decided they would seek a sign from the gods that indicated which boy they favored. When Romulus saw 12 vultures soaring in the skies and Remus saw only 6, Romulus claimed the favor of the gods and declared himself king.

4. Explain how Romulus populated his city and found wives for the Roman men. Romulus made Rome a place of refuge, a safe place for people running from enemies or punishment. To get wives for the men, Romulus hosted a festival and invited the barbarian Sabine tribe. Roman men seized the women who attended.

5. What good things did Romulus do for his city? Romulus was a fair and wise king. He established a Senate to help him with important government affairs. He also took great care in training young Romans to be good soldiers.

6. Describe Romulus’ final departure from Rome. What did his spirit foretell? Romulus disappeared from the earth. Legend says that the god Mars took him up to the clouds in a golden chariot. The spirit foretold that Rome would be the greatest city of the world.

Activities 1. Draw a family tree (on drawing pages in the Review lesson) including: Aeneas, Procas, Numitor, Amulius, Sylvia, Romulus, Remus. 2. Start your Roman History Timeline with 753 B.C. as the date Rome was founded. 3. Identify on your map (Appendix) of Ancient Italia and memorize: Italy Rome River 4. Identify on your map (Appendix) of : Hill 5*. Discuss how the story of Romulus and Remus is similar to the story of Cain and Abel. In each pair, one brother killed the other and went out to build a new city or nation.

6. Why do you think Campus Martius was so named? Who is Mars? Mars is the god of war and according to legend the father of Romulus and Remus. Campus Martius was where Roman soldiers drilled and armies assembled in preparation for war. 7*. Rome claimed divine ancestry through its founders Romulus and Remus (sons of Sylvia and Mars) and Aeneas (son of ). How might this have affected the Roman character? The idea of divine ancestry fed the Romans’ strong sense of destiny, as well as their famous perseverance and bravery (if they refused to quit, they would eventually win). It also made them empire-builders, claiming the right to rule all other peoples. * Activities throughout the book marked with an asterisk may be given as composition assignments. 7 Name: ______Date: ______

Roman History Test (Lessons 1-5) List the kings of Rome in order. Place a star beside the 3 kings who came from Etruria: 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______7. ______

Define: (Answers not included in word bank.)

8. monarchy ______

9. republic ______

10. Three periods of Roman history ______

Who Am I?

11. twin brothers who founded Rome ______

12. tribe from which the early Romans took wives ______

13. the three brothers who fought for Rome ______

14. the three brothers who fought for Alba ______

15. Trojan chief; king of the Latins and hero of the Aeneid ______

16. led the revolution to overthrow the monarchy ______

17. first consul of Rome who watched his 2 sons executed for disobedience ______

Who said that?:

18. “So perish the Roman maiden who weeps for her country’s enemy.” ______

19. “You killed our mother and you shall die for it.” ______

20. “It is the will of the gods that Rome shall be the greatest city of the world.” ______

21. “Down with Tarquin the tyrant! No more kings!” ______

121 Roman History Test (Lessons 1-5) What Am I?

22. Rome is on this river ______23. three plains on the west coast of Italy ______24. port of Rome ______25. hill where Rome was founded ______26. place where public meetings were held ______27. a female prophetess ______28. symbol of king’s authority (ax in bundle of sticks) ______29. field where soldiers trained ______

30. noble people of Rome ______31. common people of Rome ______32. established this as the basis of the Roman economy ______33. council of old men who helped to rule Rome ______34. four pillars of Roman culture ______35. large racetrack built by Tarquin ______36. holy books bought by Tarquin Superbus ______

37. a male seer or prophet ______

When Did It Happen?

38. ______

39. Founding of the Republic ______Word Bank (some words will be used more than once)

510 B.C. Etruria Junius Brutus Sabines 753 B.C. faith Latium Senate Aeneas family Numa Pompilius farming Ostia fasces Palatine Sibylline Books Campania fighting patricians Tarquin Campus Martius Forum plebeians Tarquin Superbus Circus Maximus Horatii Remus Tiber Curiatii Horatius Romulus

122 Roman History Test (Lessons 1-5)

4 5

6

1 3

2

Give the number on the map that corresponds to each of the following locations:

Modern Europe:

______Mediterranean Sea

______Baltic Sea

______Italy

______North Seav

______Caspian Sea

______Black Sea

123 Roman History Test (Lessons 1-5) Comprehension:

40. Name the twins who founded Rome. Why are Romans called a “she-wolf’s litter”?

______

41. Explain what it meant for the doors of the Temple of to be open or closed.

______

42. Explain the arrangement made by Tullius and Mettius. Who fought for Rome? Alba?

______

43. What were the functions of the Forum and of the Circus Maximus?

______

44. What form of government did Rome have after the expulsion of the kings?

______

45. What was the name of the highest rulers during the Republic and how many were there? Who were the first to hold this office?

______

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