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Introduction 1 Notes Introduction 1. Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), 11. 2. Azade Seyhan, Writing Outside the Nation (Princeton: Princeton Uni- versity Press, 2000), 4. 3. Salman Rushdie, Imaginary Homelands (New York: Penguin, 1992), 10. 4. Edward Said, “Reflections of Exile,” in Transatlantic Literary Studies: A Reader, ed. Susan Manning and Andrew Taylor (Baltimore: Johns Hop- kins University Press, 2007), 284. 5. Susan Manning and Andrew Taylor, eds. Transatlantic Literary Studies: A Reader (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 283. 6. See, for example, Homi Bhabha, The Location of Culture (New York: Routledge, 1992); Michel de Certeau, The Writing of History (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); Stephen Fender, Sea Changes: British Emigration and American Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992); Paul Gilroy, Postmodern Melancholia (New York: Colum- bia University Press, 2006); Simon Gikandi, Maps of Englishness (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996); Stuart Hall, “Cultural Identity and Diaspora,” in Identity, Community, Culture, Difference, ed. Jonathan Rutherford (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1990); Mary Louis Pratt, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and American Literature (Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press, 1992); Werner Sollors, Beyond Ethnicity (New York: Oxford, 1986). 7. Said, 285. 8. Said, 286. 9. There have been numerous studies of the exile community in Hollywood and Los Angeles, but none focus only on the British novelists except Sheryl Gail Banks’s doctoral dissertation “Limeys in the Orange Grove: The British Novel in Los Angeles” (University of Southern California, 172 ● Notes 1986). Caroline See’s “The Hollywood Novel: An Historical and Criti- cal Study” (Diss., UCLA, 1963) does a thorough job of analyzing the Hollywood novel, both American and British. Christopher Ames’s article, “Shakespeare’s Grave: The British Fiction of Hollywood,” Twentieth Century Literature 47, no. 3 (Autumn 2001): 407– 30, is one of the first published studies that deals specifically with the British novel in Hollywood, but it does not deal with the other aspects of the British abroad in Southern California. For work about the exile community in general, see David Fine, Los Angeles in Fiction (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984); H. Mark Glancy, When Hollywood Loved Britain: The Hollywood “British” Film (Manchester: Manchester Univer- sity Press, 1999); Sheridan Morley, Tales from the Hollywood Raj: The British, the Movies, and Tinseltown (New York: Viking, 1983); Cornelius Schauber, German Speaking Artists in Hollywood (Bonn: Inter Nationes, 1996); Lionel Rolfe, In Search of Literary L.A. (Los Angeles: California Classics, 1991); John Russell Taylor, Strangers in Paradise: The Holly- wood Émigrés, 1933–1950 (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1983). 10. Manning and Taylor, 281. 11. Manning and Taylor, 282. The scholarly bibliography of travel writing is enormous, but some of the landmark studies are Percy Adams, Trav- elers and Liars, 1660– 1800 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962); James Buzzard, The Beaten Track: European Tourism, Literature, and the Ways to “Culture” 1800– 1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993); James Clifford, Routes: Travel and Translation in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980); Chris Rojek and James Urry, eds., Touring Cul- tures: Transformations of Travel and Theory (London: Routledge, 1997); William Stowe, Going Abroad in Nineteen- Century American Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994). 12. Bertolt Brecht, “On Thinking about Hell,” trans. Nicholas Jacobs, in Poetry and Prose: Bertolt Brecht (London: Continuum, 2003), 100. 13. Brecht, 100. 14. Said, 287. 15. Said, 287. Notes ● 173 16. Theodor Adorno, Minima Moralia, trans. Dennis Redmond, part 1, section 18, http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/adorno/1951/ mm/index.htm. 17. Adorno, part 1, section 18. 18. Said, 289. Chapter 1 1. Evelyn Waugh, “Why Hollywood Is a Term of Disparagement,” in The Essays, Articles and Reviews of Evelyn Waugh, ed. Donat Gallagher (Bos- ton: Little, Brown, 1984), 325. 2. Waugh, “Why Hollywood Is a Term of Disparagement,” 325. 3. Carol Merril- Mirksy, ed., “Exiles in Paradise: Catalogue of the Exhibi- tion Exiles in Paradise at the Hollywood Bowl Museum” (Los Angeles: Los Angeles Philharmonic Association, 1991), 11. 4. Merril- Mirsky, “Exiles in Paradise,” 9. 5. Martin Stannard, Evelyn Waugh: No Abiding City, 1939– 1966 (London: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1992), 179. 6. Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 16. 7. Cyril Connolly, qtd. in Fussell, Abroad, 16. 8. Qtd. in Judith Adamson, Graham Greene and Cinema (Norman, OK: Pilgrim Books, 1984), 12. 9. Jed Esty, A Shrinking Island: Modernism and National Culture in England (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 8– 9. 10. Esty, 1. 11. Esty, 2–3. 12. David King Dunaway, Huxley in Hollywood (New York: Doubleday, 1989), 62. 13. Richard Fine, West of Eden: Writers in Hollywood (Washington: Smithso- nian Institute Press, 1993), 13– 14. 14. J. B. Priestley, Midnight on the Desert (London: Heinemann, 1940), 167. 15. Sheridan Morley, Tales from the Hollywood Raj: The British, the Movies, and Tinseltown (New York: Viking, 1983), 125. 16. Peter Parker, Isherwood: A Life (London: Picador, 2004), 451– 54. 17. Valerie Grove, Dear Dodie (London: Chatto and Windus, 1996), 126. 174 ● Notes 18. Dodie Smith, Look Back with Gratitude (London: Muller, Blond and White, 1985), 6. However, Smith wrote in her diary that she took $2,000 a week and was never able to make more than that in Hollywood. 19. Priestley, Midnight, 188. 20. Dunaway, 63. 21. Qtd. in Dunaway, 63. 22. P. G. Wodehouse, “The Nodder,” in Blandings Castle (New York: Over- look Press, 2002), 216. 23. P. G. Wodehouse, “The Juice of an Orange,” in Blandings Castle (New York: Overlook Press, 2002), 242. 24. Wodehouse, “Juice,” 242. 25. Wodehouse, “Juice,” 244. 26. Evelyn Waugh, The Diaries of Evelyn Waugh, ed. Michael Davie (Boston: Little, Brown, 1976), 418– 19. 27. Smith, 17. 28. Anthony Powell, To Keep the Ball Rolling: The Memoirs of Anthony Powell (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976), 235. 29. Powell, To Keep the Ball Rolling, 236. 30. Powell, To Keep the Ball Rolling, 236. 31. Powell, To Keep the Ball Rolling, 252. 32. John Fowles, The Journals, Volume 1, ed. Charles Drazin (London: Jona- than Cape, 2003), 592. 33. P. G. Wodehouse, Laughing Gas (New York: Overlook Press, 1964), 139. 34. Wodehouse, Laughing Gas, 140. 35. Powell, 254. 36. Fowles, Journals, 591. 37. Priestley, Midnight, 183. 38. Fowles, Journals, 590. 39. Christopher Isherwood, Prater Violet (New York: Random House, 1945), 96. 40. Waugh, “Why Hollywood Is a Term of Disparagement,” 328. 41. Fowles, Journals, 594. 42. Gore Vidal, “Introduction,” in Where Joy Resides: A Christopher Isher- wood Reader, ed. James P. White and Don Bachardy (New York: Noon- day, 1989), ix. 43. Morley, 125. 44. Morley, 125. 45. Morley, 125. Notes ● 175 46. Morley, 86. 47. Powell, 237. 48. Wodehouse, “Juice,” 244. 49. Waugh, “Why Hollywood Is a Term of Disparagement,” 328. 50. Waugh, “Why Hollywood Is a Term of Disparagement,” 328. 51. Waugh, “Why Hollywood Is a Term of Disparagement,” 328. 52. Smith, 14. 53. Smith, 15. 54. Wodehouse, “The Nodder,” 228. 55. Waugh, “Why Hollywood Is a Term of Disparagement,” 329. 56. Evelyn Waugh, “The Man Hollywood Hates,” in The Essays, Articles, and Reviews of Evelyn Waugh, ed. Donat Gallagher (Boston: Little, Brown, 1984), 338. 57. Isherwood, Prater Violet, 67. 58. Powell, Messengers, 47. 59. Fowles, Journals, 589. 60. John Fowles, Daniel Martin (Boston: Little, Brown, 1977), 71. 61. Priestley, Midnight, 195. 62. Morley, 86. Chapter 2 1. Qtd. in Sheridan Morley, Tales from the Hollywood Raj: The British, the Movies, and Tinseltown (New York: Viking, 1984), 9. 2. Sigmund Freud, “A Disturbance of Memory on the Acropolis,” in Char- acter and Culture, trans. by James Strachey (New York: W. W. Norton, 1963). 3. Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 16. 4. J. B. Priestley, Midnight on the Desert (London: Heinemann, 1940), 175. 5. Morley, 9. 6. Aldous Huxley, After Many a Summer Dies the Swan (New York: Harper and Row, 1939), 5. 7. Anthony Powell, Messengers of the Day (London: Heinemann, 1978), 49, 59. 8. Powell, Messengers, 59. 9. Evelyn Waugh, The Diaries of Evelyn Waugh, ed. Michael Davie (Boston: Little, Brown, 1976), 672. 176 ● Notes 10. John Fowles, unpublished personal account of his visit to Los Angeles in 1964. 11. John Fowles, The Journals, Volume I, ed. Charles Drazin (London: Jona- thon Cape, 2003), 564. 12. Fowles, Journals, 589– 90. 13. P. G. Wodehouse, Meet Mr. Mulliner (London: Herbert Jenkins, 1927), 95. 14. Huxley, 5– 7. 15. Fowles, Journals, 589. 16. Christopher Isherwood, “Los Angeles,” in Horizon, Special Issue: Art on the American Horizon, ed. Cyril Connolly, October, 1947, 142. 17. Isherwood, “Los Angeles,” 142. 18. Dodie Smith, Look Back with Gratitude (London: Muller, Blond and White, 1985), 5. 19. Qtd. in David King Dunaway, Huxley in Hollywood (New York: Dou- bleday, 1989), 62– 63. 20. Lionel Rolfe, In Search of Literary L.A. (Los Angeles: California Classics, 1991), 91– 92. 21. Richard Cross, Malcolm Lowry: A Preface to His Fiction (Chicago: Uni- versity of Chicago Press, 1980), 123. 22. Fowles, Journals, 590. 23. Valerie Grove, Dear Dodie (London: Chatto and Windus, 1996), 161. 24. Grove, 127. 25. Priestley, Midnight, 182. 26. Wodehouse, “The Castaways,” in Blandings Castle (New York: Over- look Press, 2002), 280. 27. Wodehouse, “Castaways,” 284. 28. Qtd. in Morley, 86. 29. Powell, Messengers, 54. 30. Smith, 5. 31. Christopher Isherwood, Diaries, Volume 1: 1939– 1960, ed. Katherine Bucknell (New York: Harper, 1996), 32. 32. Smith, 16. 33. Grove, 129. 34. Wodehouse, “Monkey Business,” in Blandings Castle (New York: Over- look Press, 2002), 205.
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