New Records of Cave-Dwelling Mysids from the Bahamas and Mexico With
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Journal of Natural History, 2002, 36, 265–278 New recordsof cave-dwelling mysids from the Bahamas and Mexico withdescription of Palaumysisbahamensis n.sp. (Crustacea: Mysidacea) GIUSEPPE L.PESCE²and THOMAS M.ILIFFE³ ² Dipartimentodi Scienze Ambientali, University ofL ’Aquila,Via Vetoio, 67100L ’Aquila,Italy ³ Department ofMarine Biology, Texas A&M University atGalveston, Galveston,TX 77553-1675, USA (Accepted22 August 2000 ) Newlocalities in the Bahamas and Mexico are reported for six species of stygobitic andstygophilic mysids from the genera Spelaeomysis , Stygiomysis , Antromysis and Heteromysis .Inaddition,a newspecies, Palaumysisbahamensis ,isdescribed froma marinecave in the Bahamas. This genus had previously contained only a singlespecies from anchialine caves in Palau, Indo-W estPaci® c. The biogeography andevolutionary origins of stygobitic mysids are discussed. An up-to-datekey to thespecies of the genus Spelaeomysis ispresented. Keywords: Mysidacea, Spelaeomysis , Stygiomysis , Antromysis, Heteromysis , Palaumysis,Bahamas,Mexico, cave, taxonomy, biogeography. Introduction Mysids arecommon inhabitants of both fresh and salt water(anchialine) caves and groundwaters in widelydiverse locations (Bowman,1984; Pesce et al., 1994). At least 38species in 19genera of subterranean mysids havebeen reported. In addition to clusters of stygobitic mysid species in Mexico and the Caribbeanand in the Mediterranean, two species ( Spelaeomysislongipes and Spelaeomysiscochiensis ) areknown from India and athird ( Spelaeomysisservatus )from Zanzibar,Kenya and Aldabra. As is the casewith anumber of stygobitic taxaincluding remipedes, speleophriid, misophrioid copepods, epacteriscid calanoid copepods, hadziid and pardaliscid amphipods, thaumatocyprid ostracods and thermosbaenaceans (Boxshall and Jaume, 1999),these distributions suggest aTethyanorigin involvingstranding, whereby the cavesand groundwaters inhabited bytheir marine ancestors were uplifted during regressions of the Tethys and the Mediterranean. Most freshwater subterranean mysids occur in localities not far from the coast, indicating arelatively recent origin from marine ancestors. Although manystygobitic species areendemic to speci® ccaveand /or groundwater systems on asingleisland or landmass, some Journalof NaturalHistory ISSN0022-2933 print /ISSN1464-5262 online Ñ 2002Taylor & FrancisLtd http://www.tandf.co.uk /journals DOI:10.1080 /00222930010005033 266 G.L.Pesce and T.M. Ili Œe such as Stygiomysisholthuisi (from cavewaters in the Bahamas,Anguilla, St. Martin and Puerto Rico) and Spelaeomysisservatus (from cavewaters in Kenya,Zanzibar and Aldabra) haveremarkably wide distributions. An up-to-date keyto the species of the genus Spelaeomysis is presented. Taxonomicaccount Order MYSIDACEA SuborderMYSIDA FamilyLEPIDOMYSIDAE Clarke,1961 Spelaeomysisquinterensis (Villalobos,1951 ) (® gures 1±4 ) Materialexamined .Tamaulipas,Mexico: cavespring on the Rio Guayalejonear Juamave;15 March 1998;one mature female (length 7.5mm) collected with vial from watercolumn in 10mdepth byT. M.Ili Œe. Taxonomicnotes .The singlespecimen weexamined from acavespring on the Rio Guayalejois identical to S. quinterensis described and illustrated byVillalobos (1951)from the type-locality (Quintero cave,Tamaulipas, Mexico), aswell as by Bowman( 1973,1982 )and Reddell (1981), also from Mexico, di Œering only bythe following minor characteristics: (1)Antennal scalemore rounded and slightlywider ascompared to Villalobos’ description and ®gures; antennal ¯agellumwith more and longer segments (® gure 2). (2)Sixteen to 18long spines on the medial lobe of uropod (® gure 4)(vs 20or more, and shorter spines both in Villalobos’and Bowman’s®gures). (3)Telson armed with 33spines (® gure 1)(vs 25and 27spines in Villalobos’ and Bowman’s®gures, respectively); moreover in the specimen from Guayalejospring, the medialapical spine is ¯anked bytwo slender plumose setae (vs the same spines ®gured asnaked in the originaland following descriptions and ®gures). However,in this last regard,we suppose that the re-examination of typicalmaterial could revealthe presence of the same plumose setae also in S. quinterensis ,since these setae havebeen reported and ®gured in other species of the genus ( S. bottazzi, S. longipes) and probably they could be present, but overlooked, also in the remaining ones. (4)Pleopod 2(® gure 3)slightlyshorter and less setulose ascompared to Villalobos’® gures. The peculiar telson armature could justify recognition of the Guayalejospring specimen asa distinct species or subspecies, but until enough materialfrom this locality,as well as from the type-locality, becomes availableto assess adequately the variabilityof S.quinterensis ,weconsider the Guayalejospring and the Villalobos’ materialto be conspeci® c. Habitat.This spring is located on the south bank of the Rio Guayalejoas it passes through alargecanyon crossing the Sierra Madre Oriental. The spring pool is located about 50minland from the riverbank and consists of ashallowbasin about 5min diameter, beneath arock ledge.Underwater, acavetrends awayfrom the riverfor about 100mbefore coming back to the surface in asmallair-® lled chamber with possible dry cavepassages leading o Œ.Maximum depth in the under- watercave was 15m. The stygobitic cirolanid Speocirolanadisparicornis Botosaneanu Cave-dwellingmysids from the Bahamasand Mexico 267 Figs 1± 4. Spelaeomysisquinterensis .(1)Telson;( 2)antennalscale; ( 3)pleopod2; (4)uropod,medial lobe. and IliŒe,1999 and the amphipod Seborgia near hershleri (det. J.R.Holsinger, 13April 1999)werealso collected from the cave. Remarks. The genus Spelaeomysis presently includes nine named species, seven from various groundwater habitats (anchialine caves,springs and wells)in south Italy,Zanzibar, Mexico and Cuba,one from prawn culture ®elds in India, and another one from crab burrows in Colombia. Recently, Garcõ a-Garza et al. (1996) presented akeyto the known species in the genus, including only seven species and omitting S. bottazzii Caroli,1924 and S. cochinensis Panampunnayil and Viswakumar,1991. Moreover, in the same paper, the authors misspelled the name of S. servatus with S. serratus. 268 G.L.Pesce and T.M. Ili Œe Three species arepresently known from subterranean watersin Mexico: Spelaeomysisquinterensis (Villalobos,1951 )[cavewaters, Tamaulipas] Spelaeomysisolivae Bowman,1973 [cave waters, Oaxaca] Spelaeomysisvillalobosi Garcõ a-Garza,Rodriguez-Almaraz and Bowman,1996 [phreatic and cavewaters, Nuevo Leo  n] The remaining species come from the following localities: Spelaeomysisbottazzii Caroli,1924 [anchialine cave and phreatic waters;south Italy] Spelaeomysisservatus (Fage,1924 )[cavewaters; Kenya, Zanzibar, Aldabra] Spelaeomysislongipes (Pillaiand Mariamma,1963 )[phreatic waters,India] Spelaeomysisnuniezi Bacescuand Orghidan, 1971[cave waters, Cuba] Spelaeomysiscardisomae Bowman,1973 [cave waters, crab burrows; Columbia, San Andres] Spelaeomysiscochinensis Panampunnayil and Viswakumar,1991 [ prawn culture ®eld; India] Keyto the species of the genus Spelaeomysis 1Eyestalkswith few disto-lateral ommatidia . ...........2 ±Eyestalkswithout ommatidia . ...............4 2Telsonmore than twice longer than wide . ........ S.cochinensis ±Telsonless than 1.5 longer than wide . ............3 3Apicalspine of telson about twice length of two ¯ ankingspines . .. S. servatus ±Apicalspine of telsonmore than six times length of two¯ ankingspines . S.cardisomae 4Eyestalksmedially fused forming a singleplate . ....... S. longipes ±Eyestalksseparate . .................5 5Eyestalksproduced anterolaterally into subtriangular lobes . ......6 ±Eyestalkssubquadrangular, not produced anterolaterally . .......7 6Pleopod4 withfour-segmented exopod; telson slightly longer than wide; lateral margin slightlyconcave near midlength . .......... S.quinterensis ±Pleopod4 withtwo-segmented exopod; telson about as long as wide, lateral margin convex. .................. S.villalobosi 7Telson,margin of distal half armed with spines . ..........8 ±Telson,margin completely armed with spines . ....... S.bottazzii 8 Telson L/W1.5,with about 20 marginal spines . ........ S. nuniezi ± Telson L/W1.1±1.2, with about 40 marginal spines . ....... S. olivae FamilySTYGIOMYSIDAE Caroli,1937 Stygiomysiscokei Kallmeyerand Carpenter, 1996 Materialexamined .Yucatan, Mexico: Cenote Pabakal,Eknakan; 25June 1998; one female (8.5mm) and one male( 7.7mm), collected with vialsfrom the water column in 20±33 mdepths. Cenote San Eduardo, Tecoh; 26June 1998;two females (7.9,8.1 mm) and one male( 7.7mm) collected with vialsfrom the watercolumn in 15±27 mdepths. Cenote Kankirixche, Mucuyche  ;1July1998; one female (9.1mm) and one juvenile collected with vialsfrom the watercolumn in 30±50 mdepths. Cenote Kankirixche, Mucuyche  ;19November 1998;one female (9.0mm) collected with vialsfrom the watercolumn in 30±50 mdepths. Cenote Pabakal,Eknakan; 26June 1999;two females (8.3,8.5 mm) collected with vialsfrom the watercolumn in 20±26 mdepths. Cenote Dzonot-ila, Abala Á ;30October 1999,two juv.collected with vialsfrom watercolumn in 30-40m depths. Cenote Pabakal,Eknakan; Cave-dwellingmysids from the Bahamasand Mexico 269 31October 1999;three females (7.9±8.6 mm) and one male( 7.9mm), collected with vialsfrom watercolumn in 20±33 mdepths. Quintana Roo, Mexico: Actun Ko, Akumal; 28June 1999;one female (8.8mm) and one juvenile collected with vials from the watercolumn in 8±13 mdepths. Remarks.Caroli( 1937)created the familyStygiomysidae and the genus Stygiomysis to accommodate