SEA ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT
FOR THE
LOUGH KEY LOCAL AREA PLAN 2015-2021
for: Roscommon County Council
The Courthouse Roscommon County Roscommon
by: CAAS
2nd Floor, The Courtyard 25 Great Strand Street Dublin 1
NOVEMBER 2015
Includes Ordnance Survey Ireland data reproduced under OSi Licence Number 2010/18/CCMAI Roscommon County Council. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Ordnance Survey Ireland and Government of Ireland copyright. © Ordnance Survey Ireland SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations ...... vi
Glossary ...... vii
Section 1 SEA Introduction and Background ...... 1
1.1 Introduction and Terms of Reference ...... 1 1.2 SEA Definition ...... 1 1.3 SEA Directive and its transposition into Irish Law ...... 1 1.4 Implications for the Local Area Plan and the Planning Authority ...... 1
Section 2 The Local Area Plan ...... 3
2.1 Plan Format ...... 3 2.2 Statutory Context ...... 3 2.3 Vision for Lough Key ...... 3 2.4 Strategic Aims for Lough Key ...... 3 2.5 Relationship with other relevant Plans and Programmes ...... 4
Section 3 SEA Methodology ...... 7
3.1 Introduction to the Iterative Approach ...... 7 3.2 Appropriate Assessment and Integrated Biodiversity Impact Assessment ...... 8 3.3 Strategic Flood Risk Assessment ...... 8 3.4 Scoping ...... 8 3.5 Environmental Baseline Data ...... 9 3.6 Alternatives ...... 9 3.7 The SEA Environmental Report ...... 10 3.8 The SEA Statement ...... 10 3.9 Difficulties Encountered ...... 10
Section 4 Environmental Baseline ...... 12
4.1 Introduction ...... 12 4.2 Biodiversity and Flora and Fauna ...... 13 4.3 Population and Human Health ...... 19 4.4 Soil ...... 19 4.5 Water ...... 24 4.6 Air and Climatic Factors ...... 35 4.7 Material Assets ...... 37 4.8 Cultural Heritage ...... 38 4.9 Landscape ...... 43 4.10 Overlay of Environmental Sensitivities ...... 47
Section 5 Strategic Environmental Objectives ...... 49
5.1 Introduction ...... 49 5.2 Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna ...... 49 5.3 Population and Human Health ...... 52 5.4 Soil ...... 53 5.5 Water ...... 53 5.6 Material Assets ...... 56 5.7 Air and Climatic Factors ...... 57 5.8 Cultural Heritage ...... 58
CAAS for Roscommon County Council ii SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
5.9 Landscape ...... 59
Section 6 Alternative Development Strategies ...... 61
Section 7 Evaluation of Alternatives ...... 66
7.1 Methodology ...... 66 7.2 Cumulative Effects ...... 68 7.3 Potentially Significant Adverse Effects ...... 69 7.4 Comparative Evaluation of all Alternative Development Strategies ...... 70 7.5 The Selected Alternative ...... 75
Section 8 Evaluation of Plan Provisions ...... 76
8.1 Overall Findings ...... 76 8.2 Methodology ...... 76 8.3 Appropriate Assessment and Strategic Flood Risk Assessment ...... 77 8.4 Potential Adverse Effects and their Determination ...... 78 8.5 Interrelationship between Environmental Components ...... 79 8.6 Cumulative Effects ...... 81 8.7 Residual Adverse Effects ...... 82 8.8 Detailed Evaluation ...... 83
Section 9 Mitigation Measures ...... 100
9.1 Introduction ...... 100 9.2 Integration of Environmental Considerations ...... 100
Section 10 Monitoring Measures ...... 107
10.1 Introduction ...... 107 10.2 Indicators and Targets ...... 107 10.3 Sources ...... 107 10.4 Reporting ...... 107 10.5 Thresholds ...... 108
Section 11 SEA Summary Table ...... 112
Appendix I Non-Technical Summary……………………………………Separately bound
CAAS for Roscommon County Council iii SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 List of Figures
Figure 3.1 Lough Key Local Area Plan and SEA, AA and SFRA Stages ...... 7 Figure 4.1 cSACs and SPAs in the vicinity of the Plan area ...... 15 Figure 4.2 Natura 2000 sites occurring outside 15 km of LAP hydrologically linked downstream ...... 16 Figure 4.3 NHAs and pNHAs in the vicinity of the Plan area ...... 17 Figure 4.4 CORINE Land Cover Data 2012 ...... 18 Figure 4.5 Soil Type ...... 21 Figure 4.6 County Geological Sites in Plan area ...... 23 Figure 4.7 WFD Surface Water Status ...... 28 Figure 4.8 Q-Values at Points on Rivers post 2010 ...... 29 Figure 4.9 Q-Values on Points on Rivers pre 2009 ...... 30 Figure 4.10 WFD Status of Groundwater ...... 31 Figure 4.11 Aquifer Productivity...... 32 Figure 4.12 Aquifer Vulnerability showing Inner Source Protection Areas ...... 33 Figure 4.13 WFD Entries to Drinking Water RPAs ...... 34 Figure 4.14 Archaeological Heritage - Entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and Zone of Archaeological Importance ...... 41 Figure 4.15 Architectural Heritage - Entries to the Record of Protected Structures and Architectural Conservation Area ...... 42 Figure 4.16 Scenic Routes and Views ...... 45 Figure 4.17 Overlay of Environmental Sensitivities ...... 48 Figure 6.1 Alternative Development Strategy 1 ...... 63 Figure 6.2 Alternative Development Strategy 2 ...... 64 Figure 6.3 Alternative Development Strategy 3 ...... 65
CAAS for Roscommon County Council iv SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 List of Tables
Table 3.1 Checklist of Information included in this Environmental Report ...... 11 Table 4.1 Natura 2000 sites in the vicinity of the Plan area ...... 13 Table 4.2 Proposed Natural Heritage Areas occurring inside the Plan Boundary ...... 13 Table 4.3 County Geological Sites near to Plan area ...... 22 Table 4.4 Scenic Routes from the Landscape Character Assessment ...... 46 Table 4.5 Scenic View Points from the Landscape Character Assessment ...... 46 Table 4.6 Overall Vulnerability Classes ...... 47 Table 6.1 Description of Alternative Development Strategies and Planning Implications ...... 62 Table 7.1 Strategic Environmental Objectives ...... 67 Table 7.2 Criteria for appraising the effect on SEOs ...... 67 Table 7.3 Potential Adverse Effects ...... 69 Table 7.4 Comparative Evaluation of Alternative Development Strategies ...... 73 Table 7.5 Planning Implications of Alternative Development Strategies ...... 74 Table 8.1 Criteria for appraising the effect of Plan provisions on SEOs ...... 77 Table 8.2 Strategic Environmental Objectives ...... 77 Table 8.3 Potential Adverse Effects ...... 78 Table 8.4 Presence of Interrelationships between Environmental Components ...... 80 Table 8.5 Residual Adverse Effects ...... 82 Table 9.1 Integration of Environmental Considerations ...... 101 Table 10.1 Selected Indicators, Targets and Monitoring Sources ...... 109 Table 11.1 SEA Summary Table: Likely Significant Effects, Mitigation Measures and Indicators for Monitoring ...... 112
CAAS for Roscommon County Council v SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 List of Abbreviations
AA Appropriate Assessment CSO Central Statistics Office DAHG Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht DCENR Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources DEHLG Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government DECLG Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency EU European Union GSI Geological Survey of Ireland NHA Natural Heritage Area NIAH National Inventory of Architectural Heritage RBD River Basin District RMP Record of Monuments and Places RPS Record of Protected Structures RPGs Regional Planning Guidelines SAC Special Area of Conservation SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SEO Strategic Environmental Objective SI No. Statutory Instrument Number SPA Special Protection Area WFD Water Framework Directive
CAAS for Roscommon County Council vi SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Glossary
Appropriate Assessment The obligation to undertake Appropriate Assessment derives from Article 6(3) and 6(4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC. AA is a focused and detailed impact assessment of the implications of a strategic action or project, alone and in combination with other strategic actions and projects, on the integrity of a Natura 2000 site in view of its conservation objectives.
Biodiversity and Flora and Fauna Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems’ (United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity 1992).
Flora is all of the plants found in a given area.
Fauna is all of the animals found in a given area.
Biotic Index Values (Q Values) The Biotic Index Values, or Q values, are assigned to rivers in accordance with biological monitoring of surface waters - low Q ratings, as low as Q1, are indicative of low biodiversity and polluted waters, and high Q ratings, as high as Q5, are indicative of high biodiversity and unpolluted waters. Good status as defined by the Water Framework Directive equates to approximately Q4 in the national scheme of biological classification of rivers as set out by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Problems Annex I of Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of Ministers, of 27th June 2001, on the assessment of the effects of certain Plans and programmes on the environment (the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive) requires that information is provided on ‘any existing environmental problems which are relevant to the plan or programme’, thus, helping to ensure that the proposed strategic action does not make existing environmental problems worse.
Environmental problems arise where there is a conflict between current environmental conditions and ideal targets. If environmental problems are identified at the outset they can help focus attention on important issues and geographical areas where environmental effects of the plan or programme may be likely.
Environmental Vectors Environmental vectors are environmental components, such as air, water or soil, through which contaminants or pollutants, which have the potential to cause harm, can be transported so that they come into contact with human beings.
Mitigate To make or become less severe or harsh.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council vii SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures are measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and, as fully as possible, offset any significant adverse impacts on the environment of implementing a human action, be it a plan, programme or project. Mitigation involves ameliorating significant negative effects. Where there are significant negative effects, consideration should be given in the first instance to preventing such effects or, where this is not possible, to lessening or offsetting those effects. Mitigation measures can be roughly divided into those that: avoid effects; reduce the magnitude or extent, probability and/or severity of effects; repair effects after they have occurred; and compensate for effects, balancing out negative impacts with other positive ones.
Protected Structure Protected Structure is the term used in the Planning and Development Act 2000 as amended to define a structure included by a planning authority in its Record of Protected Structures. Such a structure shall not be altered or demolished in whole or part without obtaining planning permission or confirmation from the planning authority that the part of the structure to be altered is not protected.
Recorded Monument A monument included in the list and marked on the map which comprises the Record of Monuments and Places that is set out County by County under Section 12 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994 by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland. The definition includes Zones of Archaeological Potential in towns and all other monuments of archaeological interest which have so far been identified. Any works at or in relation to a recorded monument requires two months’ notice to the former Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (now Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht) under section 12 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994.
Scoping Scoping is the process of determining what issues are to be addressed, and setting out a methodology in which to address them in a structured manner appropriate to the plan or programme. Scoping is carried out in consultation with appropriate environmental authorities.
Strategic Actions Strategic actions include: Policies/Strategies, which may be considered as inspiration and guidance for action and which set the framework for Plans and programmes; Plans, sets of co-ordinated and timed objectives for the implementation of the policy; and Programmes, sets of projects in a particular area.
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is the formal, systematic evaluation of the likely significant environmental effects of implementing a plan or programme before a decision is made to adopt it.
Strategic Environmental Objective (SEO) Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are methodological measures developed from policies which generally govern environmental protection objectives established at international, Community or Member State level and are used as standards against which the provisions of the Plan and the alternatives can be evaluated in order to help identify which provisions would be likely to result in significant environmental effects and where such effects would be likely to occur, if - in the case of adverse effects - unmitigated.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council viii SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Section 1 SEA Introduction and Background
1.1 Introduction and SEA be carried out on plans and programmes which are prepared for a number of sectors, Terms of Reference including land use planning.
This is the Strategic Environmental The SEA Directive was transposed into Irish Assessment (SEA) Environmental Report for Law through the European Communities the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015 – 2021. It (Environmental Assessment of Certain Plans has been undertaken by CAAS on behalf of and Programmes) Regulations 2004 (Statutory Roscommon County Council. Instrument Number (SI No. 435 of 2004) and the Planning and Development (Strategic The purpose of this report is to provide a clear Environmental Assessment) Regulations 2004 understanding of the likely environmental (SI No. 436 of 2004). Both sets of Regulations consequences of decisions regarding the became operational on 21st July 2004. The adoption and implementation of the Plan. The Regulations have been amended by the SEA is carried out in order to comply with the European Communities (Environmental provisions of the Planning and Development Assessment of Certain Plans and Programmes) (Strategic Environmental Assessment) (Amendment) Regulations 2011 (SI No. 200 of Regulations 2004 (SI No. 436 of 2004) as 2011) and the Planning and Development amended. This report should be read in (Strategic Environmental Assessment) conjunction with the Local Area Plan. (Amendment) Regulations 2011 (SI No. 201 of 2011). 1.2 SEA Definition 1.4 Implications for the Environmental assessment is a procedure that ensures that the environmental implications of Local Area Plan and the decisions are taken into account before such Planning Authority decisions are made. Environmental Impact Assessment, or EIA, is generally used for The Habitats Directive requires, inter alia, that describing the process of environmental plans and programmes undergo an assessment for individual projects, while Appropriate Assessment (AA) process to Strategic Environmental Assessment, or SEA, establish the likely or potential effects arising is the term which has been given to the from implementation of the Plan. Arising from environmental assessment of plans and this assessment, it is necessary to undertake programmes, which help determine the nature Stage 2 AA of the Plan as it is likely to have a and location of individual projects taking place. significant environmental effect or a potentially SEA is a systematic process of predicting and significant environmental effect on the Natura evaluating the likely significant environmental 2000 Network of designated ecological sites. effects of implementing a proposed plan or programme in order to ensure that these Article 3 of the Planning and Development effects are adequately addressed at the (Strategic Environmental Assessment) earliest appropriate stages of decision-making Regulations 2004 (SI No. 436 of 2004) as in tandem with economic, social and other amended requires that Strategic considerations. Environmental Assessment is carried out for plans and programmes which are being subjected to Stage 2 AA. Furthermore, 1.3 SEA Directive and its Roscommon County Council determined that transposition into Irish Law the Plan would be likely to result in significant environmental effects if unmitigated – this also Directive 2001/42/EC of the European necessitated the undertaking of SEA. Parliament and of the Council of Ministers, of 27th June 2001, on the Assessment of the The findings of the SEA are expressed in the Effects of Certain Plans and Programmes on SEA Environmental Report. An earlier version the Environment, referred to hereafter as the of this report has been altered to take account SEA Directive, introduced the requirement that of recommendations contained in submissions
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 1 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 which were made on the SEA Environmental Report and changes which were made to the Draft Plan on foot of submissions. Elected Members of Roscommon County Council took into account the findings of this report and other related SEA output during their consideration of the Draft Plan and before its adoption.
On adoption of the Plan, an SEA Statement has been prepared and which accompanies the Plan and summarises, inter alia, how environmental considerations have been integrated into the Plan.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 2 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Section 2 The Local Area Plan
2.1 Plan Format 2.3 Vision for Lough Key The Lough Key Local Area Plan (LAP) 2015- 2021 consists of a single document, Roscommon County Council’s vision for the comprising of a written statement and Lough Key is as follows: associated maps. Ensure that the Lough Key area continues to Part I: Introduction and Policy Context be regarded as a key strategic tourism (Chapters 1 to 4). Chapters 1 and 2 present resource in Count Roscommon. The lake, park the introduction and policy context for Lough surrounding woodlands, combined with its Key. Chapters 3 and 4 outline a profile of proximity to key urban centres provide the Lough Key and the challenges and opportunity to promote this area as a opportunities for development. significant tourism asset in the west of Ireland. Lough Key Forest Park continues to grow and Part II: Development Strategy for 2015-2021 expand its range of tourist activities and the and beyond (Chapters 3 to 8), presents the Council will continue to support this growth. overall Strategy for development within the area under the following Chapter headings: The vision for the Plan Area is to promote further development of recreation and tourism Vision and Development Strategy based enterprises to serve both as an Land Use Zoning and Matrix economic and social resource for the local Policies and Objectives community and visitors alike. Development Management and the Built Form This highly scenic area is much sought after for residential development. The Council recognises this and aims to ensure that 2.2 Statutory Context residential development within the Plan area is facilitated in a manner which ensures that the The LAP has been prepared in accordance with natural, scenic and environmental sensitivities Sections 18 to 20 of the Planning and of this area are not compromised. Development Act 2000-2011. The Plan replaces the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2009- 2015. 2.4 Strategic Aims for Lough Key LAPs are required to be consistent with the policies and objectives of the County The Plan’s Strategic Aims are as follows: Development Plan and its Core Strategy, as well as the Regional Planning Guidelines that 1. Promote economic development and apply to the area of the Plan. employment through the further enhancement of a strong tourism base The LAP should be read in conjunction with within the Plan area. Encourage and the Roscommon County Development Plan facilitate the development of the 2014-2020, which sets out the overarching tourism industry through sustainable development strategy for the County. means, including the conservation, protection and enhancement of the Where any provisions of the LAP conflict with built and natural heritage, the the provisions of the County Development protection of sensitive landscapes, and Plan, the provisions of the LAP shall cease to the enhancement of cultural and have effect. community facilities in order to maximise the economic benefits arising from the tourism industry. 2. Enhance the quality of the natural and built environment and conserve the visual amenity of the LAP area.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 3 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 3. Utilise the surrounding natural 2.5 Relationship with environment and natural resources, to the benefit of the area in a positive other relevant Plans and way. Programmes 4. Promote sustainable community development within the established 2.5.1 Introduction settlements of Cootehall and Knockvicar by supporting the The Plan sits within a hierarchy of land use appropriate levels of services to forward planning strategic actions. The Plan support existing and future must comply with relevant higher level populations. strategic actions and may, in turn, guide lower 5. Promote the development of social level strategic actions. The following sections and recreational facilities within the identify a number of these strategic actions, settlements of Cootehall and further details of which are contained in the Knockvicar. main Plan document. 6. Encourage the redevelopment and
reuse of vacant and derelict residential The Plan is at the lower level of the hierarchy and commercial buildings, both within in the context of national, regional and county the settlements and the rural environs level plans. The preparation of the Local Area of the plan area, as a viable Plan has also been informed and influenced by alternative to new build developments various local government, national and on Greenfield sites. international policy documents including (but 7. Protect and safeguard groundwater not limited to) the following: supplies and ensure that they are not
compromised by commercial, International agricultural, domestic or other Agenda 2000 activities, particularly in non-serviced Local Agenda 21 areas outside the town boundary. The European Spatial Development 8. Ensure that the appropriate level of Perspective (ESDP) services and infrastructure is available Various EU Directives to support the existing and future
population in terms of wastewater National disposal, water supply and surface Infrastructure and Capital water disposal. Investment 2012-16: Medium Term 9. Promote an enhanced quality of life Exchequer Framework, 2011 for all, based on high quality Sustainable Development: A Strategy sustainable residential, working and for Ireland, 1997 recreational environments, National Spatial Strategy 2002 – infrastructural and transportation 2020 (NSS) networks, with the use of alternative Ministerial Guidelines issued under energy in a sustainable and Section 28 of the Planning and harmonious way. Development Act 2000-2011
The Council is committed to delivering this Regional vision for the Lough Key area through working Regional Planning Guidelines for the in partnership with the local community and West Region 2010-2022 local organisations, and through promoting the policies and objectives contained in this, and County future, LAPs. Roscommon County Development
Plan 2014-2020
Local Boyle Local Area Plan 2015-2021
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 4 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
2.5.2 The National Spatial 2.5.4 Roscommon County Strategy Development Plan 2014- 2020 The National Spatial Strategy 2002-2020 (NSS) is a planning framework for Ireland that aims The Roscommon County Development Plan to achieve a better balance of social, economic 2014-2020 sets out the strategic planning and and physical development across Ireland, sustainable development of County supported by effective planning. In order to Roscommon over its lifetime and is consistent drive development in the regions, the NSS with the National Spatial Strategy and the proposes that areas of sufficient scale and Regional Planning Guidelines. critical mass will be built up through a network of gateways, hubs and key towns. The NSS is The Lough Key Plan boundary includes six about people, places and potential, and the DED’s: Kilbryan, Boyle Rural, Rockingham, importance of making the most of our cities, Oakport, Tumna South and Crossna. It is towns and rural places to bring a better spread estimated that approximately 372 households of opportunities, better quality of life and are resident within the Lough Key LAP better places to live in. boundary. If the figure of 2.5 persons (Regional Planning Guidelines allocation) is 2.5.3 Regional Planning applied as the average number of people per Guidelines for the West household, the current population for the Lough Key LAP area is c. 930.1 Region 2010-2022 Population projections and calculations for Ireland is divided into eight regional forward residential land take for the LAP are outlined in planning regions, the Greater Dublin Area, Chapter 2 of the Plan. Midlands, Mid-East, Mid-West, South-East, South-West, West and Border, each with its own regional planning authority composed of 2.5.5 Boyle Local Area Plan Elected Members selected by the constituent local government councils. Regional planning The Lough Key Local Area Plan is being authorities are required, under the Planning prepared at the same time as the Boyle Local and Development (Regional Planning Area Plan. The Boyle Plan boundary is Guidelines) Regulations 2003 (SI No. 175 of adjacent to the Lough Key LAP boundary and 2003), to draw up regional planning guidelines has been accounted for in this assessment. (RPGs), long term strategic planning frameworks, for their relevant region. 2.5.6 River Basin Management Plans The RPGs for the West Region 2010-2022 provide the strategic regional mechanism for Local Authorities, including Roscommon the implementation of the NSS. The Guidelines County Council, have prepared the Shannon provide a planning framework for the future International and Western River Basin physical, economic and social development of Management Plans which are implemented in the West Region which includes County order to help protect and improve waters in Roscommon. A key aspect of the RPGs is the area and wider River Basin Districts. The integrating sustainable economic development Plan and associated Programme of Measures with the protection and enhancement of the includes provisions to help ensure that water environment. The RPGs set out the vision for bodies in the districts meet the objectives of the West Region through the formulation of the Water Framework Directive. strategic goals, policies and objectives which establish a framework for other lower level 2.5.7 Catchment Flood Risk plans and programmes including development plans and local area plans. Assessment and Management Studies
Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management (CFRAM) Studies are being
1 Source: Lough Key LAP 2015-2021
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 5 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 undertaken for the Shannon International and 2.5.11 Environmental Western River Basin Districts by the Office of Public Works. Protection Objectives
The studies are focusing on areas known to The Plan is subject to a number of high level have experienced flooding in the past and environmental protection policies and areas that may be subject to flooding in the objectives with which it must comply, including future either due to development pressures or those which have been identified as Strategic climate change. The final output from the Environmental Objectives in Section 5. studies will be a CFRAM Plans, to be published in December 2016. The Plans will define the Examples of Environmental Protection current and future flood risk in the River Basin Objectives include the aim of the EU Habitats Districts and set out how this risk can be Directive - which is to contribute towards managed. ensuring biodiversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the European territory of Member States - 2.5.8 Smarter Travel 2009 and the purpose of the Water Framework Directive - which is to establish a framework “Smarter Travel, A Sustainable Transport for the protection of inland surface waters, Future, A New Transport Policy for Ireland transitional waters, coastal waters and 2009 - 2020” is the Government’s action plan groundwater which, among other things, to free towns and cities from traffic prevents deterioration in the status of all water congestion, substantially cut CO2 emissions, bodies and protects, enhances and restores all encourage car based commuters to leave their waters with the aim of achieving good status cars at home, and encourage a shift toward by 2015. walking, cycling and greater public transport usage.
2.5.9 GRID 25 and associated Implementation Plan
Grid25 is a high-level strategy outlining how EirGrid intends to undertake the development of the electricity transmission grid in the short, medium and longer terms, to support a long-term sustainable and reliable electricity supply. The Grid25 strategy thereby seeks to implement the provisions of the 2007 Government White Paper on Energy - “Delivering a Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland” in terms of development of electricity transmission infrastructure. The Grid25 Implementation Programme (IP) is a practical strategic overview of how the early stages of Grid25 are intended to be implemented.
2.5.10 Food Harvest 2020
Food Harvest 2020 is a roadmap for the Irish food industry, as it seeks to innovate and expand in response to increased global demand for quality foods. It sets out a vision for the potential growth in agricultural output after the removal of milk quotas in 2015.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 6 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Section 3 SEA Methodology
3.1 Introduction to the The Plan and associated SEA, Appropriate Assessment (AA) and Strategic Flood Risk Iterative Approach Assessment (SFRA) documents were prepared in an iterative manner whereby multiple This section details how the SEA has been revisions of each document were prepared, undertaken alongside the preparation of the each informing subsequent iterations of the Plan. Figure 3.1 lays out the main stages in others. the Plan/SEA preparation process.
Figure 3.1 Lough Key Local Area Plan and SEA, AA and SFRA Stages
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 7 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 3.4 Scoping 3.2 Appropriate Assessment and Integrated 3.4.1 Introduction Biodiversity Impact In consultation with the environmental Assessment authorities, the scope of environmental issues to be dealt with by the SEA together with the level of detail to which they are addressed was 3.2.1 Appropriate Assessment broadly decided upon taking into account the collection of environmental baseline data and A Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment (AA) has input from environmental authorities. Scoping been undertaken alongside the preparation of allowed the SEA to become focused upon key the Plan. The requirement for AA is provided issues relevant to the environmental under the EU Habitats Directive (Directive components which are specified under the SEA 1992/43/EEC). Directive3.
The AA concluded that the Plan will not affect As the Plan is not likely to have significant 2 the integrity of the Natura 2000 network. effects on the environment in another Member State transboundary consultations as provided The preparation of the Plan, SEA and AA has for by Article 7 of the SEA Directive were not taken place concurrently and the findings of undertaken. the AA have informed both the Plan and the SEA. All recommendations made by the AA were integrated into the Plan. 3.4.2 Scoping Notices All relevant environmental authorities4 3.3 Strategic Flood Risk identified under the SEA Regulations as amended, were sent SEA scoping notices by Assessment the Council indicating that submissions or observations in relation to the scope and level A Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) has of detail of the information to be included in been undertaken alongside the preparation of the environmental report could be made to the the Plan. Council. Environmental authorities were
The requirement for SFRA is provided under ‘The Planning System and Flood Risk 3 These components comprise biodiversity, fauna, Management Guidelines for Planning flora, population, human health, soil, water, air, Authorities’ (DEHLG, 2009). climatic factors, material assets, cultural heritage including architectural and archaeological heritage, The preparation of the Plan, SEA and SFRA landscape and the interrelationship between the above factors. has taken place concurrently and the findings 4 The following authorities were notified: of the SFRA have informed both the Plan and Environmental Protection Agency; Department of the SEA. Communications, Energy and Natural Resources; Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; The SFRA has facilitated the integration of Department of the Environment, Community and flood risk management considerations into the Local Government; Department of Arts, Heritage Plan. and the Gaeltacht; and adjoining planning authorities whose areas are contiguous to the administrative area of Roscommon County Council.
2 Except as provided for in Section 6(4) of the Habitats Directive, viz. There must be: (a) no alternative solution available; (b) imperative reasons of overriding public interest for the plan to proceed; and (c) adequate compensatory measures in place.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 8 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 informed that submissions, or parts of The Department of Arts, Heritage and the submissions, made on the AA or SFRA would Gaeltacht requested more information to be also be taken into account. provided on archaeological heritage in the Environmental Report. 3.4.3 Scoping Responses These submissions were all taken into account Submissions were made by the Department of during the undertaking of the SEA, SFRA and Agriculture, Food and the Marine, the AA. Geological Survey of Ireland, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Arts, Heritage and the 3.5 Environmental Gaeltacht. These submissions influenced the Baseline Data scope of the assessments. The SEA process is informed by the The Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and environmental baseline (i.e. the current state Food identified a range of legislation which of the environment) to facilitate the was considered by the assessment where identification and evaluation of the likely relevant and a number of datasets and significant environmental effects of recommended consultees for consideration in implementing the provisions of the Plan and the assessment. The integration of provisions the alternatives and the subsequent into the assessment for designated shellfish monitoring of the effects of implementing the waters was also addressed. provisions of the Plan.
The GSI identified a wide range of geological heritage datasets which were considered by 3.6 Alternatives the assessment. The key geologically related issue was the inclusion of six County The SEA Directive requires that reasonable Geological Sites occurring near the Plan area. alternatives (taking into account the objectives These were considered by the assessment. and the geographical scope of the plan or programme) are identified, described and The EPA identified a number of issues. Specific evaluated for their likely significant effects on comments addressed by the assessment the environment. In accordance with this include: requirement, alternatives are considered in Section 6. Ongoing challenges in relations to the treatment and management of drinking water supplies in Roscommon. Challenges relating to the failure of Boyle Wastewater Treatment Plant in meeting overall requirements of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulations 2001 in 2013. The integration of provisions into the Plan for the protection of designated sites of ecological importance, ecological corridors/networks and enhancement of the status of water in the River Boyle and Lough Key; The integration of provisions into the Plan for the protection of groundwater areas with high to extreme vulnerability; The assessment of cumulative effects with regard to the Plans relationship with other plans and programmes
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 9 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 3.7 The SEA Environmental The measures decided upon to monitor the significant environmental Report effects of implementing of the Plan.
In this Environmental Report, an earlier version of which was placed on public display 3.9 Difficulties Encountered alongside the Draft Plan, the likely environmental effects of the Plan and the The lack of a centralised data source that alternatives are predicted and their could make all environmental baseline data significance evaluated. both readily available and in a consistent format posed a challenge to the SEA process. The Environmental Report provides the This difficulty is one which has been Council, stakeholders and the public with a encountered while undertaking SEAs at local clear understanding of the likely environmental authorities across the country and was consequences of implementing the Plan. overcome by investing time in the collection of data from various sources and through the use Mitigation measures to prevent or reduce of Geographical Information Systems. significant adverse effects posed by the Plan are identified in Section 9 - these have been integrated into the Plan.
The Environmental Report has been updated in order to take account of recommendations contained in submissions and in order to take account of changes which are made to the original, Plan that was placed on public display.
The Environmental Report is required to contain the information specified in Schedule 2 of the Planning and Development (Strategic Environmental Assessment) Regulations 2004 (SI No. 436 of 2004) as amended (see Table 3.1).
3.8 The SEA Statement
On adoption of the Plan, an SEA Statement has been prepared and which accompanies the Plan and summarises, inter alia:
How environmental considerations have been integrated into the Plan, highlighting the main changes to the Plan which resulted from the SEA process; How the SEA Environmental Report and consultations have been taken into account, summarising the key issues raised in consultations and in the Environmental Report indicating what action was taken in response; The reasons for choosing the Plan in the light of the other alternatives, identifying the other alternatives considered, commenting on their potential effects and explaining why the Plan as adopted was selected; and
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 10 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Table 3.1 Checklist of Information included in this Environmental Report
Information Required to be included in the Environmental Report Corresponding Section of this Report (A) Outline of the contents and main objectives of the plan or programme, Sections 2, 5 and 7 and of its relationship with other relevant plans and programmes (B) Description of relevant aspects of the current state of the environment Section 4 and the evolution of that environment without implementation of the plan or programme (C) Description of the environmental characteristics of areas likely to be Sections 4, 6 and 7 significantly affected (D) Identification of any existing environmental problems which are Section 4 relevant to the plan or programme, particularly those relating to European protected sites (E) List environmental protection objectives, established at international, EU Sections 5, 6, 7 and or national level, which are relevant to the plan or programme and describe 8 how those objectives and any environmental considerations have been taken into account when preparing the Plan (F) Describe the likely significant effects on the environment Sections 6 and 7 (G) Describe any measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and as fully as Section 8 possible offset any significant adverse environmental effects of implementing the plan or programme (H) Give an outline of the reasons for selecting the alternatives considered, Sections 3, 6 and 7 and a description of how the assessment was undertaken (including any difficulties) (I) A description of proposed monitoring measures Section 9 (J) A non-technical summary of the above information Non-Technical Summary (Appendix I) (K) Interrelationships between each environmental topic Addressed as it arises within each Section
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4.1 Introduction deterioration of this framework would mean that new development would be less The SEA Directive requires that the coordinated and controlled. Such development information on the baseline environment is would have the potential to result in an focused upon the relevant aspects of the increase in the occurrence of adverse effects environmental characteristics of areas likely to on all environmental components, especially be significantly affected and the likely those arising cumulatively. Cumulative effects evolution of the current environment in the occur as a result of the addition of many small absence of the Plan. Being consistent with the impacts to create one larger, more significant, strategic provisions of the Plan, this section impact. provides a strategic description of aspects of environmental components which have the Such adverse effects could include: greatest potential to be affected by implementation of the Plan, if unmitigated. Loss of biodiversity with regard to Natura 2000 Sites and Annexed Article 5 of the SEA Directive states that the habitats and species; report shall include the information that may Loss of biodiversity with regard to reasonably be required taking into account: ecological connectivity and stepping stones; Current knowledge and methods of Loss of biodiversity with regard to assessment; designated sites including Wildlife The contents and level of detail in the Sites and species listed on Schedule 5 plan or programme and its stage in of the Wildlife Act 1976; the decision-making process; and Spatially concentrated deterioration in The extent to which certain matters human health; are more appropriately assessed at Adverse impacts on the different levels in that process in order hydrogeological and ecological to avoid duplication of the function of the soil resource; assessment. Adverse impacts upon the status and quality of water bodies arising from What this means in practice is, inter alia, that changes in quality, flow and/or SEA involves collating currently available, morphology; relevant environmental data; it does not Increase in the risk of flooding; require major new research. Where data Failure to provide adequate and deficiencies or gaps exist, this should be appropriate waste water treatment; acknowledged in the report. Failure to comply with drinking water regulations and serve new With respect to the likely evolution of the development with adequate drinking environment in the absence of the Plan: water that is both wholesome and clean; The 2009-2015 Lough Key Local Area Plan Increases in waste levels; contains provisions which contribute towards Failure to contribute towards environmental protection and sustainable sustainable transport and associated development of Lough Key. impacts; Effects on entries to the Record of If the 2009 Plan was to expire and not be Monuments and Places and other replaced by the new Plan, this would result in archaeological heritage; a deterioration of the areas planning and Effects on entries to the Records of environmental protection framework. Although Protected Structures and other higher level environmental protection architectural heritage; and objectives – such as those of the new 2014- Occurrence of adverse visual impacts. 2020 County Development Plan and various EU Directives and transposing Irish Regulations – would still apply, the
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the Shannon catchment are shown on Figure 4.2. 4.2 Biodiversity and Flora and Fauna 4.2.2 Proposed Natural Heritage Area 4.2.1 Natura 2000 Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs) are designated Candidate Special Areas of Conservation due to their national conservation value for (cSACs) have been selected for protection ecological and/or geological/geomorphological under the European Council Directive on the heritage. They cover nationally important conservation of natural habitats and of wild semi-natural and natural habitats, landforms fauna and flora (92/43/EEC) by the (former) or geomorphological features, wildlife plant Department of the Environment, Heritage and and animal species or a diversity of these Local Government due to their conservation natural attributes. NHAs are designated under value for habitats and species of importance in the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. Proposed the European Union. NHAs (pNHAs) were published on a non- statutory basis in 1995, but have not since Special Protection Areas (SPAs) have been been statutorily proposed or designated. selected for protection under the 1979 European Council Directive on the There are no NHA’s occurring inside the Plan Conservation of Wild Birds (79/409/EEC) due boundary. Table 4.2 shows pNHAs that exist to their conservation value for birds of within the Plan boundary. NHAs and pNHAs importance in the European Union. SPAs, occurring within 15km of the Plan area are along with SACs, comprise Ireland’s Natura shown on Figure 4.3. 2000 network – part of an EU-wide network of protected areas established under the Habitats Table 4.2 Proposed Natural Heritage Directive. Areas occurring inside the Plan Boundary Proposed Natural Heritage Areas There are no Natura 2000 sites occurring Code Site Name inside the Plan boundary. cSACs and SPAs in 1631 Drum Bridge (Lough Key) the vicinity of the Plan area are shown on are 1651 Tawnytaskin Wood (Lough Key) shown on Table 4.1 and Figure 4.3. 1633 Drumman's Island (Lough Key) 1638 Hog's Island (Lough Key) Table 4.1 Natura 2000 sites in the 596 Corrigeenroe Marsh vicinity of the Plan area 1643 Lough Drumharlow Natura 2000 Sites 1636 Fin Lough (Roscommon) Designation Code Site Name 4.2.3 Water Framework SAC 584 Cuilcagh - Anierin Uplands SAC Directive Registers of SAC 595 Callow Bog SAC Protected Areas SAC 614 Cloonshanville Bog SAC Under the Water Framework Directive, there SAC 1656 Bricklieve Mountains are a number of entries to the Registers of & Keishcorran SAC Protected Areas in the vicinity of the Plan area SAC 1673 Lough Arrow SAC arising from drinking water protection. A SAC 1898 Unshin River SAC section of the River Boyle entering Lough Key SPA 4048 Lough Gara SPA is listed on the RPA for drinking water and the SPA 4048 Lough Gara SPA groundwater beneath the entire Plan area is SPA 4050 Lough Arrow SPA also listed for drinking water.
A Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment was undertaken on the Plan as a result of potential impacts arising on designated sites downstream in the Shannon catchment all the way to the Atlantic. These sites which occur outside 15km boundary of the Lough Key LAP but are hydrologically linked downstream in
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4.2.4 CORINE Land Cover 4.2.6 Other Protected Mapping Species/Habitats
CORINE land cover mapping5 for Lough key In addition to certain species and habitats for the year 2012 is shown on Figure 4.4. The already mentioned above, other species are main types of cover in the Plan area are Water protected under law wherever they occur, bodies, Mixed Forrest, Broadleaf Forest and such as: Mixed Forest. This is indicative of the preserved, recreational use of much of the ‘Protected Species and natural land surrounding the lake. A small area of Peat habitats’ as defined in the bogs occurs to the east. Land principally Environmental Liability Directive occupied by agriculture with areas of natural (2004/35/EC) and European vegetation occurs to the north and east of the Communities (Environmental Liability) Plan boundary. Non-irrigated land occurs to Regulations 2008 including annexed the east and south of the Plan boundary. habitats and species listed under Annexes I, II and IV of the EU 4.2.5 Ecological Networks and Habitats Directive and Annex I of the Connectivity EU Birds Directive; Species/Habitats legally protected under the Flora Protection Order in the Ecological networks are important in Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000; connecting areas of local biodiversity with Other species of flora and fauna and each other and with nearby designated sites their key habitats which are protected so as to prevent islands of habitat from being under the Wildlife Acts 1976-2000 isolated entities. They are composed of linear including all native mammals; and features, such as treelines, hedgerows and Stepping stones and ecological rivers/streams, which provide corridors or corridors including nature conservation stepping stones for wildlife species moving sites (other than Natura 2000 sites), within their normal range. They are important habitats and species locations covered for the migration, dispersal and genetic by Article 10 of the Habitats Directive. exchange of species of flora and fauna particularly for mammals, especially for bats and small birds and facilitate linkages both 4.2.7 Existing Problems between and within designated ecological sites, the non-designated surrounding Previous developments such as residential, countryside and more developed areas. commercial and transportation have resulted in loss of biodiversity and flora and fauna Lough Key, its shores and surrounding however legislative objectives governing woodland habitats is an important ecological biodiversity and fauna were not identified as networks as is the Boyle River which flows being currently conflicted with. through Boyle town, various agricultural lands, stands of trees and hedgerows.
5 CORINE Land Cover (CLC) is a map of the European environmental landscape based on interpretation of satellite images. Land cover is the observed physical cover, as seen from the ground or through remote sensing, including for example natural or planted vegetation, water and human constructions which cover the earth's surface. Because of the scale of the CORINE data and the method by which it was collected there are likely to be a number of inaccuracies at the local level. It is noted, however, that the land cover shown on the maps is generally accurate at the County level. The European Environment Agency, in conjunction with the European Space Agency, the European Commission and member countries is currently updating the CORINE land cover database.
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Figure 4.1 cSACs and SPAs in the vicinity of the Plan area Source: NPWS (datasets downloaded March 2015)
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Figure 4.2 Natura 2000 sites occurring outside 15 km of LAP hydrologically linked downstream
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Figure 4.3 NHAs and pNHAs in the vicinity of the Plan area Source: NPWS (datasets downloaded March 2015)
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Figure 4.4 CORINE Land Cover Data 2012 Source: EPA (2015)
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many vital functions including: food and other biomass production, storage, filtration and 4.3 Population and Human transformation of many substances including Health water, carbon, and nitrogen. Soil has a role as a habitat and gene pool, serves as a platform 4.3.1 Population for human activities, landscape and heritage and acts as a provider of raw materials. Such functions of soil are worthy of protection The LAP estimates that approximately 372 because of their socio-economic as well as households are resident within the Lough Key environmental importance. Soils in any area LAP boundary. If the figure of 2.5 persons are the result of the interaction of various (Regional Planning Guidelines allocation) is factors, such as parent material, climate, applied as the average number of people per vegetation and human action. household, the current population for the
Lough Key LAP area is c. 930.6 To date, there is no Directive which is specific to the protection of soil resources. However, 4.3.2 Human Health there is currently an EU Thematic Strategy on the protection of soil which includes a proposal Human health has the potential to be for a Soil Framework Directive which proposes impacted upon by environmental vectors (i.e. common principles for protecting soils across environmental components such as air, water the EU. or soil through which contaminants or pollutants, which have the potential to cause 4.4.2 Soil Types harm, can be transported so that they come into contact with human beings). Hazards or Soil types, as classified by Teagasc in co- nuisances to human health can arise as a operation with the Forest Service, EPA and result of exposure to these vectors arising GSI, are mapped on Figure 4.5. Much of the from incompatible adjacent land uses for Plan area is covered by fine loamy drift under example. These factors have been considered laid with siliceous stones (light blue colour) or with regard to the description of: the baseline fine loamy drift under laid with limestone (pink of each environmental component; and the colour), this is useful for farming improved identification and evaluation of the likely grassland. Areas of peat are also significant environmental effects of distinguishable (dark grey colour on map). implementing the Plan. Coarse loamy drift with limestone (pale orange colour) occur in a small area south of the lake. 4.3.3 Existing Problems 4.4.3 County Geological Sites The Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) undertaken alongside the preparation of the The Geological Survey of Ireland in Plan has identified lands that are at elevated partnership with the Heritage Council, levels of flood risk within the Plan area. The Roscommon County Council and Roscommon SFRA has facilitated the integration of flood Heritage Forum carried out an audit of the risk management considerations into the Plan. County Geological Sites in Roscommon in 2012. This was an action of the County 4.4 Soil Roscommon Heritage Plan 2012-2016.
It identified twenty-nine County Geological 4.4.1 Introduction Sites which are considered to be the most important geological sites within Roscommon. Soil is the top layer of the earth’s crust. It is County Geological Sites are identified as formed by mineral particles, organic matter, having national or local geological heritage water, air and living organisms. Soil can be importance. These are afforded no statutory considered as a non-renewable natural protection. Some of these sites – as noted on resource because it develops over very long Table 4.3 – are selected for Natural Heritage timescales. It is an extremely complex, Area designation and will have statutory variable and living medium and performs protection.
6 Source: Lough Key LAP 2015-2021
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Two County Geological Sites are located inside the Plan boundary (See Figure 4.6). Four other County Geological Sites are located near the Plan area. These are described on Table 4.3.
4.4.4 Existing Problems
Legislative objectives governing soil were not identified as being conflicted with.
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Figure 4.5 Soil Type Source: Teagasc, GSI, Forest Service & EPA (2006) Soils and Subsoils Class
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 21 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Table 4.3 County Geological Sites near to Plan area Site IGH Theme County Site Description Geological Features Easting Northing Designation Code (IG) (IG)
RO005 Boyle Road Cutting Roscommon This is a road cutting on the N4 The site shows an excellent 181763 305142 County exposing Devonian age rocks exposure into volcanoclastic of Geological the Sheegorey Member Site RO002 Arigna Mining Roscommon Disused coal mine and The site has a visitor centre with 192155 314255 County Experience associated spoil heaps made records of coal mining and Geological accessible to the public as a physical equipment remains. Site visitor attraction Includes nearly all aspects of interest with the rocks and the mines in a well-presented package. RO014 Keeloges Quarry Roscommon A large, working limestone The quarry exposes bedrock of 183230 301500 County quarry, about 3km east of Boyle the Oakport Limestone Geological town Formation and the Ballymore Site - may be Limestone Formation. recommended for Geological NHA SO017 Bricklieves/Keshcorran Sligo Upland limestone karst plateau The Bricklieve Karst is a well- 175000 310000 County documented and researched Geological karst drainage unit exhibiting Site - many classic karst features. recommended for Geological NHA RO004 Boyle Drumlins Roscommon This field of drumlins forms part The features were deposited at 177777 300500 County of a small, discrete field the base of the ice sheet during Geological southwest of Boyle the last ice age Site RO028 Rockingham Spring Roscommon The Rockingham Spring site The spring is of karstic origin, 184970 302880 County comprise a large spring which formed in Pure Bedded Geological overflows into a nearby channel Limestone of the Oakport Site Formation
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Figure 4.6 County Geological Sites in Plan area Source: Roscommon County Council (2015)
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4.5.2 The Water Framework 4.5 Water Directive
4.5.1 Potential Pressures on 4.5.2.1 Introduction and Requirements Water Quality Since 2000, Water Management in the EU has been directed by the Water Framework Human activities, if not properly managed, can Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD). The WFD cause deterioration in water quality. Pressures requires that all Member States implement the exerted by human activities include the necessary measures to prevent deterioration following: of the status of all waters - surface, ground, estuarine and coastal - and protect, enhance Sewage and other effluents discharged to and restore all waters with the aim of waters from point sources, e.g. pipes achieving “good status” by 2015. All public from treatment plants; bodies are required to coordinate their policies and operations so as to maintain the good Discharges arising from diffuse or status of water bodies which are currently dispersed activities on land; unpolluted and improve polluted water bodies to good status by 2015. Abstractions from waters; and Article 4 of the WFD sets out various Structural alterations to water bodies. exemptions for deterioration in status caused as a result of certain physical modifications to A point source pressure has a recognisable water bodies. This is provided: all practicable and specific location at which pollution may mitigation measures are taken; there are originate. Examples of significant point source reasons of overriding public interest or the pressures include direct discharges from waste benefits to human health, safety or sustainable water treatment plants, licensed discharges development outweigh the benefits in from industrial activities, landfills, achieving the WFD objective; there are no contaminated lands (e.g. disused gas works) better alternatives; and the reasons for the and mines. physical modification are explained in the relevant river basin management plan. A diffuse source pressure unlike a point source is not restricted to an individual point or 4.5.2.2 River Basin Districts and Water location. The source of a diffuse pressure can Bodies be quite extensive. Significant examples of For the purpose of implementing the WFD, diffuse pressures include runoff from forestry Ireland has been divided into eight River Basin and agricultural lands. Districts (RBDs) or areas of land that are drained by a large river or number of rivers Excessive abstractions from surface waters and the adjacent estuarine/coastal areas. The and groundwater for drinking and industrial management of water resources is on these purposes can create pressures on the ability of river basin districts. The LAP area falls within a water body to maintain both chemical and the Shannon International and Western RBDs. ecological status. Within each river basin district - for the Structural alterations such as river purpose of assessment, reporting and straightening; construction of embankments, management - water has been divided into weirs, dams, port facilities and dredging can groundwater, rivers, lakes, estuarine waters create conditions such that a water body is no and coastal waters which are in turn divided longer able to support the natural ecology into specific, clearly defined water bodies. which would have existed prior to such modifications. These pressures are also 4.5.2.3 River Basin Management Plans referred to as morphological pressures. Local Authorities, including Roscommon County Council, have prepared Shannon International and Western River Basin Management Plans which are implemented in order to help protect and improve the status of waters. The Management Plans provide
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 24 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 specific policies for individual river basins in 4.5.3.3 Quality of Lakes order to implement the requirements of the Lake water quality at Lough Key is also WFD. monitored by the EPA. It is currently classified as being oligotrophic/mesotrophic. This is the 4.5.3 Surface Water least polluted rating attributed to lakes by the EPA. Other lakes in the Plan area including 4.5.3.1 WFD Surface Water Status Oakport Lough have no values assigned. The WFD defines ‘surface water status’ as the general expression of the status of a body of 4.5.4 Ground Water surface water, determined by the poorer of its ecological status and its chemical status. Thus, 4.5.4.1 Introduction to achieve ‘good surface water status’ both the Groundwater is stored in the void spaces in ecological status and the chemical status of a underground layers of rock, or aquifers. These surface water body need to be at least ‘good’. aquifers are permeable, allowing both the
infiltration of water from the soils above them Ecological status is an expression of the and the yielding of water to surface and structure and functioning of aquatic coastal waters. Groundwater is the part of the ecosystems associated with surface waters. subsurface water that is in the saturated zone Such waters are classified as of “good - the zone below the water table, the ecological status” when they meet Directive uppermost level of saturation in an aquifer at requirements. which the pressure is atmospheric, in which all
pores and fissures are full of water. Chemical Status is a pass/fail assignment with a failure defined by a face-value exceedance 4.5.4.2 WFD Groundwater Status of an Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for one or more Priority Action Substances For groundwater bodies, the approach to (PAS) listed in Annex X of the Water classification is different from that for surface Framework Directive (WFD). The EQS values water. For each body of groundwater, both for individual PAS substances are set at the chemical status and the quantitative must European level. Good surface water chemical be determined. Both have to be classed as status means that concentrations of pollutants either good or poor. The WFD sets out a series in the water body do not exceed the of criteria that must be met for a body to be environmental limit values specified in the classed as good chemical and quantitative Directive. status.
Figure 4.7 maps the status of the surface The status of the groundwater underlying the water catchments in the Plan area, as Plan area is identified as being of good status currently available from the EPA7. The River (see Figure 4.10). Boyle and Lough Key are currently identified by the EPA as having good status. A tributary 4.5.4.3 Aquifer Productivity, to the South West of Lough Key (the Vulnerability and Protection Rockingham Stream) is identified as having The Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) rates bad status. Other rivers and lakes in the Plan aquifers according to both their productivity area including Oakport Lough have no values and vulnerability to pollution. assigned.
A poor aquifer where the bedrock is generally 4.5.3.2 Quality of Rivers unproductive except for local zones occurs in River water quality within the vicinity of the parts of the north of the Plan area. A locally area is monitored by the EPA at a number of important aquifer where the bedrock is locations. The most recent data from the EPA moderately productive in local zones stretches for monitoring points for the River Boyle through the centre of the Plan area. A (Station Names: Drum Bridge - Boat House regionally important aquifer occurs in part of Ford and Boyle - Knockvicar Bridge) identify the south of the Plan area – see Figure 4.12. the river as being of Q4 - good status. Aquifer vulnerability refers to the ease with which pollutants of various kinds can enter underground water. Figure 4.12 maps aquifer 7 Dataset downloaded March 2015
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 25 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 vulnerability for the Plan and surrounding area protection and preparedness will be finalised in – much of the area is identified as being of 2016. The Office of Public Works has prepared low vulnerability however significant areas are Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (PFRA) identified as being of medium to extreme maps which identify areas where the risks vulnerability. associated with flooding might be significant. These areas, Areas for Further Assessment The Geological Survey Ireland (GSI) (AFAs), including Boyle, are where more document, The Roscommon Central Regional detailed assessment is required to more Water Supply Scheme Groundwater Source accurately assess the extent and degree of Protection Zones, April 2003, identifies the flood risk. Flood hazard and flood risk maps Inner Source Protection Area8 for Boyle’s for AFAs will be finalised in 2015 and Flood water supply. This is shown on Figure 4.12 to Risk Management Plans will be finalised in the south of the Plan. 2016.
4.5.5 Register of Protected 4.5.6.3 DEHLG Flood Risk Management Areas Guidelines In 2009 the DEHLG published The Planning In addition to the entries to the WFD Registers System and Flood Risk Management of Protected Areas (RPAs) which are listed by Guidelines for Planning Authorities. These are virtue of ecological value (see Section 4.2.2), aimed at ensuring a more consistent, rigorous the groundwater underlying the Plan area is and systematic approach which will fully listed on the RPA for Drinking Water incorporate flood risk assessment and (Groundwater) and a stretch of the River Boyle management into the planning system. at Lough Key is listed on the RPA for Drinking Planning authorities are required to undertake Water (Rivers). These entries to the RPAs are flood risk identification, assessment and shown on Figure 4.13. management processes as appropriate when preparing land use plans and in the 4.5.6 Flooding consideration of applications for planning permission. 4.5.6.1 Introduction 4.5.6.4 Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Flooding is an environmental phenomenon which, as well have causing economic and A Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) has social impacts, could in certain circumstances been undertaken alongside the preparation of pose a risk to human health. the Plan.
4.5.6.2 EU Floods Directive The requirement for SFRA is provided under ‘The Planning System and Flood Risk European Directive 2007/60/EC on the Management Guidelines for Planning assessment and management of flood risks Authorities’ (DEHLG, 2009). requires Member States to carry out a preliminary assessment by 2011 in order to The preparation of the Plan, SEA and SFRA identify the river basins and associated coastal has taken place concurrently and the findings areas at risk of flooding. For such zones, flood of the SFRA have informed both the Plan and risk maps currently being finalised. Flood risk the SEA. The SFRA has facilitated the management plans focused on prevention, integration of flood risk management considerations into the Plan (see Section 9 of 8 The Inner Protection Area is designed to protect this report). against the effects of human activities that might have an immediate effect on the source and, in 4.5.7 Existing Problems particular, against microbial pollution. The area is defined by a 100-day time of travel from any point The SFRA has identified lands that are at below the water table to the source. In karst areas, elevated levels of flood risk within the Plan it will not usually be feasible to delineate 100-day time of travel boundaries, as there are large area and has facilitated the integration of flood variations in permeability, high flow velocities and a risk management considerations into the Plan. low level of predictability. In these areas, the total catchment area of the source will frequently be A tributary to the South West of Lough Key classed as Inner Protection Area. (the Rockingham Stream) is identified as
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 26 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 having bad status – the status of this water body will need improvement in order to meet the requirements of the Water Framework Directive.
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Figure 4.7 WFD Surface Water Status Source: EPA (2011; datasets downloaded February, 2014)
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Figure 4.8 Q-Values at Points on Rivers post 2010 Source: EPA (Various)
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Figure 4.9 Q-Values on Points on Rivers pre 2009 Source: EPA (Various)
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Figure 4.10 WFD Status of Groundwater Source: EPA (2011; datasets downloaded March 2015)
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Figure 4.11 Aquifer Productivity Source: GSI (2006)
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Figure 4.12 Aquifer Vulnerability showing Inner Source Protection Areas Source: GSI (2006)
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Figure 4.13 WFD Entries to Drinking Water RPAs Source: EPA (2011; datasets downloaded March 2015)
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of the country - excluding Zones A, B and C. 4.6 Air and Climatic Factors Roscommon is located within Zone D where air quality is currently identified as being “good”. 4.6.1 Ambient Air Quality The EPA’s (EPA, 2014) Air Quality in Ireland 2013 identifies that air quality in Ireland continues to be good, with no exceedances for 4.6.1.1 Introduction and Legislation the pollutants measured in 2012. In order to protect human health, vegetation and ecosystems, EU Directives set down air 4.6.2 Noise quality standards in Ireland and the other Member States for a wide variety of pollutants. Noise is unwanted sound. The Environmental These pollutants are generated through fuel Noise Regulations (SI No. 140 of 2006) combustion, in space heating, traffic, transpose into Irish law the EU Directive electricity generation and industry and, in 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and sufficient amounts, could affect the well-being management of environmental noise, which is of the areas inhabitants. The EU Directives commonly referred to as the Environmental include details regarding how ambient air Noise Directive or END. The END defines a quality should be monitored, assessed and common approach intended to avoid, prevent managed. or reduce on a prioritised basis the harmful effects, including annoyance, due to exposure The principles to this European approach are to environmental noise. The END does not set set out under the Air Quality Framework any limit value, nor does it prescribe the Directive 1996 as transposed into Irish law measures to be used in the action plans, which under the Environmental Protection Agency remain at the discretion of the competent Act 1992 (Ambient Air Quality Assessment and authorities. Limit values are left to each Management) Regulations 1999 (SI No. 33 of member state. At this point in time, Ireland 1999). does not have any statutory limit values.
Four daughter Directives lay down limits or 4.6.3 Climatic Factors thresholds for specific pollutants. The first two of these directives cover: sulphur dioxide, The key issue involving the assessment of the nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, effects of implementing the plan on climatic particulate matter and lead; and, carbon factors relates to greenhouse gas emissions monoxide and benzene. Two more daughter arising from transport. It is noted that the Plan directives deal with: ozone; and polyaromatic contains a number of actions which respond to hydrocarbons, arsenic, nickel, cadmium and potential threats to environmental components mercury in ambient air. arising from a changing climate.
4.6.1.2 Air Zones Flooding (see Section 4.5.6) - is influenced by In order to comply with the directives climatic factors. There are emerging objectives mentioned above, the EPA measures the levels relating to climate adaptation and that there is of a number of atmospheric pollutants. For the likely to be future Guidance for climate change purposes of monitoring in Ireland, four zones proofing of land use plan provisions as is are defined in the Air Quality Standards flagged in the National Climate Change Regulations 2002 (SI No. 271 of 2002). The Adaptation Framework (DECLG, 2012). Some main areas defined in each zone are: of these objectives might relate to green infrastructure which can achieve synergies Zone A: Dublin Conurbation. with regard to the following: Zone B: Cork Conurbation. Zone C: 21 Other cities and large towns Provision of open space amenities; including Galway, Limerick, Waterford, Sustainable management of water; Clonmel, Kilkenny, Sligo, Drogheda, Protection and management of Wexford, Athlone, Ennis, Bray, Naas, biodiversity; Carlow, Tralee and Dundalk. Protection of cultural heritage; and Zone D: Rural Ireland, i.e. the remainder Protection of protected landscape of the State - small towns and rural areas sensitivities.
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Maximising sustainable mobility will help In 2009, Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions Ireland meet its emission target for decreased across all sectors due to the effects greenhouse gases under the 2020 EU Effort of the economic downturn with a decline in Sharing target which commits Ireland to total emissions of 7.9 per cent. In 2010, reducing emissions from those sectors that are Ireland's emissions fell by a further 0.7 per not covered by the Emissions Trading Scheme cent. (e.g. transport, agriculture, residential) to 20% below 2005 levels. The EPA 2013 Ireland’s emissions profile has changed publication Ireland’s Greenhouse Gas Emission considerably since 1990, with the contribution Projections 2012-2030, identifies that Ireland from transport more than doubling and the is on track to meet its commitment under the share from agriculture reducing since 1998. Kyoto Protocol, primarily, as a direct result of Travel is a source of: the recent economic downturn and economic outlook for the future. However, the report 1. Noise; also identifies that there continues to be a 2. Air emissions; and significant risk that Ireland will not meet the 3. Energy use (38.8% of Total Final EU Effort Sharing target for 2020, with strong Consumption in Ireland in 2010 was projected growth in emissions from transport taken up by transport, the largest take and agriculture. up of any sector)9. 4.6.4 Existing Problems Ireland’s emissions profile has changed considerably since 1990, with the contribution Legislative objectives governing air and from transport more than doubling and the climatic factors in Roscommon were not share from agriculture reducing since 1998. identified as being conflicted with. Travel is a source of:
1. Noise; 2. Air emissions; and 3. Energy use (39% of Total Final Energy Consumption in Ireland in 2012 was taken up by transport, the largest take up of any sector)10.
Land-use planning contributes to what number and what extent of journeys occur. By addressing journey time through land use planning and providing more sustainable modes and levels of mobility, noise and other emissions to air and energy use can be minimised. Furthermore, by concentrating populations, greenfield development - and its associated impacts - can be minimised and the cost of service provision can be reduced.
Between 2008 and 2011, Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions decreased across all sectors due to the effects of the economic downturn with emissions falling by 15.2% between 2008 and 2011. However, 2012 saw emissions rise by 1.2% when compared with 201111.
9 Sustainable Energy Ireland (2011) Energy in Ireland 1990 – 2010 10 Sustainable Energy Ireland (2014) Energy in Ireland 1990 – 2012 11 EPA (2014) Ireland's Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2012
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4.7.1.2 Waste Water Capacity and 4.7 Material Assets Demand Cootehall and Environs Wastewater Treatment 4.7.1 Water Services Works has the capacity for approximately 940 Population Equivalent (PE) and currently has 4.7.1.1 Irish Water sufficient capacity of to meet the demands of Since January 2014 the delivery, integration the existing development in the Plan area as and implementation of strategic water and well as the proposed residential and potential waste water projects and infrastructural development on foot of the LAP. improvements are now the responsibility of the newly established State body ‘Irish Water’. Areas outside of the catchment of the works are served by systems for single units. Roscommon County Council no longer has a direct role in this area; however the Local 4.7.1.3 Drinking Water Performance Authority will work with Irish Water to ensure Drinking water must be clean and wholesome. that the Local Area Plan and any water That means it must meet the relevant water services investment plan will align with both quality standards and must not contain any the National Spatial Strategy and the Regional other substance or micro-organism in Planning Guidelines and that the provision of concentrations or numbers that constitute a water/waste water services will not be a potential danger to human health. limiting factor in terms of forecasted growth. Compliance with the drinking water The function and role of Irish Water includes: requirements is determined by comparing the results of analyses submitted by water Abstracting and treating water; suppliers to the standard for 48 parameters Delivering water and waste water specified in the European Communities services to homes and businesses; (Drinking Water) Regulations (No. 2), 2007. Installing water meters and billing To ensure that these standards are met, each domestic and business customers; water supply must be monitored on a regular Raising finance to fund improvements basis. and repairs in the water system; and Maintaining and operating the water Under Section 58 of the Environmental system. Protection Agency Act 1992 the EPA is required to collect and verify monitoring Irish Water’s 25-year Water Services Strategic results for all water supplies in Ireland covered Plan focuses on how capacity deficits will be by the European Communities (Drinking addressed and what the primary strategic Water) Regulations, 2000. The EPA publishes objectives of Irish Water are to be. The Plan their results in annual reports which are will set strategic objectives taking into account supported by Remedial Action Lists (RALs). capacity deficits and demographic and The RAL identifies water supplies which are economic trends. not in compliance with the Regulations mentioned above. The upgrading of the infrastructure will contribute towards compliance with the Water Rockingham Springs provides the water supply Framework Directive, EU Urban Waste Water for the Lough Key LAP area. This spring Treatment Directive and Drinking Water supplies the Boyle public water supply scheme Regulations and will help to protect human and the Boyle/Ardcarne Regional Water Supply health and maintain the quality of coastal Scheme (RWSS). waters. The Boyle Water Supply Scheme is not listed The responsibility for the provision of these on the EPA’s most recent (Q3 of 2014) services now lies with Irish Water, supported Remedial Action List (a list of public water by Roscommon County Council, as supplies where remedial action is required to appropriate. ensure compliance with drinking water standards).
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4.7.1.4 Capacity and Demand Shannon, Roscommon Town, and Dublin. Bus Éireann School Bus Services also operate in Mains water supply is available from the the area and the nearest settlement Boyle is Boyle/Ardcarne Regional Water Supply well served by these as well as private mini- Scheme which is sourced from the bus services. There are several Rural Rockingham Springs which are located east of Transport Initiative services that enter Boyle. Boyle town. An estimate of the quantity of water through Rockingham is in the region of Boyle railway station operates a number of 5000m³/day. daily services on the Dublin/Sligo line which
offers a return service four times a day. It is proposed that the area north of the Boyle
River including Drumboylan, Fostragh, The Plan area is accessible from the N4 Ballyfermoyle, Crossna and other areas will National Primary Route (Dublin to Sligo) with remain part of the Boyle/Ardcarne Regional the N61 providing the north east link to the N4 Water Supply Scheme. The new source of the and linking Boyle to Athlone, Roscommon and scheme will be production wells at Boyle. The entrance to Lough Key Forest Park Castletension Demesne, Ballyfarnon is via the N4. (1500m³/day). In addition the Boyle Ardcarne
RWSS will be upgraded with new production The closest settlement is the town of Boyle. well boreholes located in Hughestown to The R294 Regional Road links Boyle to the N4 augment the existing supply in Rockingham. from the East, to the West of the town and The proposed design capacity is 2500m³/day onto Ballina. In addition, it is served by a from Hughestown to augment the existing number of regional routes including the R295 supply from Rockingham springs.12 to Ballymote in the north-west and by the R361 Boyle/Frenchpark Road to the south 4.7.2 Waste Management west. The L5058 links the town to the Lough Key Forest and Amenity Park amenity area via Roscommon County Council contributes an over bridge on the N4. towards the implementation of the Waste Plan for Connacht Ulster Region. This Plan is the 4.7.4 Existing Problems framework for the prevention and management of wastes in a safe and No current failures to comply with relevant sustainable manner. legislation relating to material assets has been
identified by the SEA. With regard to domestic waste collection, the refuse collection service in County Roscommon is privatised. A number of domestic waste 4.8 Cultural Heritage collection companies collect waste in the Plan area. Collectors provide a segregated collection service, where recyclables and 4.8.1 Introduction municipal waste are collected on alternate weeks. The refuse collection companies Heritage, by definition, means inherited working in County Roscommon at present and properties, inherited characteristics and are regulated by the Local Authority and the anything transmitted by past ages and National Waste Collection Permit Office in ancestors. It covers everything, from objects Tullamore. and buildings to the environment. Cultural heritage includes physical buildings, structures Within the Plan boundary, there is one bottle and objects, complete or in part, which have bank located in Knockvicar at Cleen Hall. been left on the landscape by previous and There are no other public recycling facilities in indeed current generations. the Plan area. 4.8.2 Archaeological Heritage 4.7.3 Transport 4.8.2.1 Introduction Bus Éireann operate regional and local bus Archaeology is the study of past societies services providing Expressway and Bus local through the material remains left by those services, with routes serving, Carrick-on- societies and the evidence of their environment. Archaeological heritage consists 12Source: Lough Key LAP 2015-2021
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 38 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 of such material remains (whether in the form 4.8.3.2 Record of Protected Structures of sites and monuments or artefacts in the The Record of Protected Structures (RPS) sense of moveable objects) and environmental included in the Plan is legislated for under evidence. As archaeological heritage can be Section 12 and Section 51 of the Planning and used to gain knowledge and understanding of Development Act 2000 as amended. the past it is of great cultural and scientific importance. Protected Structures are defined in the
Planning and Development Act 2000 as Archaeological sites and monuments vary amended as structures, or parts of structures greatly in form and date; examples include that are of special interest from an earthworks of different types and periods, architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, (e.g. early historic ringforts and prehistoric cultural, scientific, social or technical point of burial mounds), megalithic tombs from the view. Prehistoric period, medieval buildings, urban archaeological deposits and underwater In relation to a protected structure or features. proposed protected structure, the following
are encompassed: Archaeological sites may have no visible surface features; the surface features of an (i) the interior of the structure; archaeological site may have decayed (ii) the land lying within the curtilage13 of completely or been deliberately removed but the structure; archaeological deposits and features may (iii) any other structures lying within that survive beneath the surface. curtilage and their interiors; and, (iv) all fixtures and features which form 4.8.2.2 Record of Monuments and Places part of the interior or exterior of any The Plan area’s archaeological heritage is structure or structures referred to in protected under the National Monuments Acts subparagraph (i) or (iii). (1930-2004), Natural Cultural Institutions Act 1997 and the Planning Acts. The Record of Current entries to the RPS in the Lough Key Monuments and Places (RMP) is an inventory, Plan area are mapped on Figure 4.14. Most of established under Section 12 of the National these are located in and around the Lough Key Monuments (Amendment) Act 1994, of sites Forest Park. and areas of archaeological significance, numbered and mapped. The RMP includes all 4.8.3.3 Architectural Conservation Area known monuments and sites of archaeological An Architectural Conservation Area (ACA) is a importance dating to before 1700 AD, and place, area, group of structures or townscape, some sites which date from after 1700 AD. which is of special architectural, historical,
archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, Figure 4.14 shows the spatial distribution of social or technical interest or contributes to entries to the RMP in the Lough Key Plan the appreciation of a Protected Structure. An boundary. There are three national ACA may or may not include Protected monuments in the Plan area including two Structures. In an ACA, protection is placed on former Abbey’s and a Castle, all of which are the external appearance of such areas or located on islands on Lough Key. structures. Planning permission must be 4.8.3 Architectural Heritage 13 Curtilage is normally taken to be the parcel of ground immediately associated with the Protected 4.8.3.1 Introduction Structure, or in use for the purposes of the The term architectural heritage is defined in structure. Protection extends to the buildings and the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) land lying within the curtilage. While the curtilage and Historic Monuments Act 1999 as meaning sometimes coincides with the present property boundary, it can originally have included lands, all: structures and buildings together with their features or even buildings now in separate settings and attendant grounds, fixtures and ownership, e.g. the lodge of a former country fittings; groups of structures and buildings; house, or the garden features located in land and, sites which are of technical, historical, subsequently sold off. Such lands are described as archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, being attendant grounds, and the protection social, or technical interest. extends to them just as if they were still within the curtilage of the Protected Structure.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 39 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 obtained before significant works can be carried out to the exterior of a structure in an ACA, which might alter the character of the structure, or of the ACA.
There are no ACA’s within the Plan boundary however the ACA in Boyle town is mapped on Figure 4.15.
4.8.4 Existing Problems
The context of archaeological and architectural heritage has changed over time within the Plan area however no existing conflicts with legislative objectives governing archaeological and architectural heritage have been identified.
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Figure 4.14 Archaeological Heritage - Entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and Zone of Archaeological Importance Source: Roscommon County Council (2015)
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Figure 4.15 Architectural Heritage - Entries to the Record of Protected Structures and Architectural Conservation Area Source: Roscommon County Council (2015) CAAS for Roscommon County Council 42 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
incorporated into the Plan for 2014-2020. The LCA divides the County into Landscape 4.9 Landscape Character Areas i.e. unique, geographically- specific areas of a particular landscape type. 4.9.1 Introduction The aim of the County Roscommon LCA is to Landscapes are areas which are perceived by provide a tool for decision making regarding people and are made up of a number of development control and to influence layers: landform, which results from geological landscape policy at local level. In considering and geomorphological history; landcover, landscape character in the area, the Council which includes vegetation, water, human acknowledges the importance of taking into settlements, and; human values which are a account adjoining landscape character, result of historical, cultural, religious and other landscape features and designations, including understandings and interactions with landform those in adjoining counties. and landcover. The Plan area falls within LCA 16: Lough Key 4.9.2 Legislation and Boyle River Network. The Landscape Character Assessment classifies landscapes in Roscommon according to their value. The LCA The importance of landscape and visual is classified as being of Exceptional Value. amenity and the role of its protection are recognised in the Planning and Development 4.9.3.2 Key Characteristics of Act 2000 as amended, which requires that Roscommon LCA 16: Lough Key and Plans include objectives for the preservation of Boyle River Network14 the landscape, views and the amenities of places and features of natural beauty. Undulating in an easterly direction this drumlin lakeland landscape is dominated by Lough Key 4.9.3 Landscape Character and a series of other loughs, including Oakport Assessment Lough and Lough Eidin, all of which are linked by the Boyle River flowing in an easterly direction to connect to the River Shannon. The 4.9.3.1 Overview ridgeline of the hills located just north of A Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) is a Lough Key mark the northern boundary, while study of a given landscape to determine its the southern boundary is delineated by the ‘character’. Landscape character is the N4. The land cover in the northwest of the combination of physical, as well as, perceived LCA is predominantly wet grassland with large aspects of the landscape. areas of understorey forest, scrub and patches of heath. In contrast the south eastern half of A Landscape Character Assessment included in the LCA is made up of dry grassland with large the previous 2009 Plan is extremely detailed, areas of mature forest and patches of cut over including over 80 Landscape Character Areas raised bog and reclaimed raised bog. There (the Assessment prepared for the entire are a number of designated Scenic Routes and County of Roscommon includes only 36). The Scenic Views which overlook Lough Key Forest 2009 Assessment groups the areas into low- Park from elevated vantage points, taking in lying/undulating demesne landscape areas its wooded shoreline and islands. Built (these are located to south of Lough Key, development is generally sparse in the LCA, north of the N4 and west of Oakport Lough), however there is evidence of ribbon low-lying/undulating agricultural/pastoral development along the R285 around landscape areas (these are located to the east Knockvicar and the third class roads leading of Lough Key and to the immediate south of into Cootehall village and the townland of the N4 and L1015), elevated/ hilly land to the Carrigeenree (north of Lough Key). A mineral West, North and East of Lough Key (to the extraction site next to Lough Fin, just south of north and west of Lough Key) low-lying area Knockvicar has been mapped. The shoreline of around Boyle town (includes part of Boyle and Lough Arrow, just inside the county boundary its western environs). to the west has been designated an NHA, SAC and SPA. Large tracts of Lough Key and the The County Roscommon LCA was produced as part of the Roscommon County Development 14 Plan 2008-2014 and has subsequently been Text taken from the Roscommon Landscape Character Assessment
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 43 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 whole of Lough Eidin, as well as its adjoining wetlands to the east are designated as an NHA. The overall image of this landscape is one of an extensive organically shaped lakeland fringed by broadleaf forest.
4.9.3.3 Landscape Value The Landscape Character Assessment classifies landscapes in Roscommon according to their value. The Lough Key and Boyle River Network character area is classified as of Exceptional Value for its tourism value and scenic views.
4.9.4 Views and Prospects
It is the policy of the Council to protect scenic views and routes within the County. Those proposing development on lands affected by the protected views will be required to demonstrate that the development proposals will allow for the public appreciation of the protected views as well as ensuring protection of the setting and context of the monument, how it would have sat within the wider landscape and having regard to the place as well as the monument. Where appropriate, photomontages will be required.
There are 2 Scenic Routes in the Plan area, these are detailed on Table 4.4. There are three protected view points in the Plan area. These are detailed on Table 4.5 and shown on Figure 4.16.
4.9.5 Existing Environmental Problems
Developments have resulted in changes to the visual appearance of the landscape within the Plan area however legislative objectives governing landscape and visual appearance were not identified as being conflicted with.
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Figure 4.16 Scenic Routes and Views Source: Roscommon County Development Plan 2014-2020 Landscape Character Assessment (2013)
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 45 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Table 4.4 Scenic Routes from the Landscape Character Assessment Scenic Existing/ Character Character Irish Grid Action/ Ref No. View/ Location Feature of Interest Forces of Change Proposed Type Area Reference Control View Point Elevated scenic route along third Start of Lough Key class road overlooking Lough Highly sensitive Scenic Route Drumlin and Boyle Tinarinnow Proposed (E) 81805 Key, it's islands and Lough Key Between roadside & lake. Planning Control Intermittent Lakeland River Point (N) 07785 Forest Stable landscape views Network Route & Activity Park. 3 End of Scenic Drumlin (E) 82000 Route As above As above As above As above As above As above Lakeland (N) 05500 Intermittent views Lough Key Scenic route along third class Start of Drumlin and Boyle (E) 86300 road overlooking Lough Key, its Proposed Kilteasheen Development on view side of road. Planning Control Scenic Route Lakeland River (N) 06400 islands and Lough Key Forest & Route Network Activity Park. 4 End of River (E) 84500 Scenic As above Smutternagh As above As above As above As above Corridor (N) 07200 Route
Table 4.5 Scenic View Points from the Landscape Character Assessment Scenic Existing/ Character Character Irish Grid Forces of Ref No. View/View Location Direction Feature of Interest Action/Control Proposed Type Area Reference Change Point Elevated, extended views Existing Lough Key over Lough Key Forest & Activity Development on View No 3 Drumlin and Boyle (E) 81805 View 4 View Point Derryvunny 140° Park. Extensive natural woodland, the view side of Planning Control in County Lakeland River (N) 07785 inlets & islands. Castle on islands in the road. Plan Network distance. Highly sensitive landscape. Elevated, extended views over Lough Key Lough Key Forest & Activity Park. Proposed scenic Drumlin and Boyle Tinarinnow (E) 81800 View 5 View Point Proposed Extensive Natural woodland, inlets As above car park/ picnic Lakeland River Point (N) 07200 & islands. Castle on islands in area Network distance. Highly sensitive landscape. Farm Lough Key View to south west over Lough abandonment. Drumlin and Boyle (E) 85259 Key Forest & Activity Park and View 6 View Point Proposed Drumcormick 210° Development on Planning Control Lakeland River (N) 07126 islands. Intimate view shed. Highly the view side of Network sensitive. the road.
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Sensitive landcover categories (broad leaved forests, mixed forest, inland 4.10 Overlay of marshes, peat bogs and water bodies - Environmental Sensitivities 10 points); Surface and groundwaters with bad 4.10.1 Introduction and and poor (10 points) and moderate, good and high (5 points) status; Methodology Aquifers which are highly (5 points) or extremely (10 points) vulnerable to In order to identify where most sensitivities pollution; and within the Plan area occur, a number of the PFRA flood risk areas (Fluvial 100 - 10 environmental sensitivities described above points) and B (Fluvial 1000 - 5 points) were weighted and mapped overlapping each from the Strategic Flood Risk other. Figure 4.17 provides an overlay of Assessment. environmental sensitivities for the Plan area. The scale of sensitivity for each area of Plan It is emphasised that the occurrence of area corresponds to the sensitivity factors: 5 environmental sensitivities does not preclude points corresponds to one sensitivity factor; 10 development; rather it flags at a strategic level points corresponds to two sensitivity factors; that the mitigation measures - which have 20 points corresponds to four sensitivity already been integrated into the Plan - will factors and so on. The scores for each area need to be complied with in order to ensure are added together in order to determine that the implementation of the Plan overall vulnerability as is shown on Table 4.6. contributes towards environmental protection. Score Vulnerability Class Environmental sensitivities are indicated by 5-15 Low colours which range from acute vulnerability (brown) extreme vulnerability (red) to high 20-25 Moderate vulnerability (dark orange) to elevated 30-35 Elevated vulnerability (light orange) to moderate 40-45 High vulnerability (yellow) to low vulnerability 50-60 Extreme (green). Where the mapping shows a >60 Acute concentration of environmental sensitivities there is an increased likelihood that Table 4.6 Overall Vulnerability Classes development will conflict with these sensitivities and cause environmental 4.10.2 Conclusions deterioration. As previously referenced, the occurrence of A weighting system applied through multiple sensitivities in any location does not Geographical Information System (GIS) preclude development; rather it flags at a software was used in order to calculate the strategic level that the mitigation measures - vulnerability of the Plan area. Environmental which have already been integrated into the considerations are given equal weight as Plan as policies and objectives - will need to be follows, with a slight differentiation is made in complied with in order to ensure that the certain layers: implementation of the Plan contributes Ecological designations (candidate towards environmental protection. Special Areas of Conservation - 10 points - and proposed Natural Heritage Areas of elevated and high vulnerability are areas - 5 points); found in the south and to the west of the Plan Cultural heritage (Architectural area on account of environmental sensitivities Conservation Areas, entries to Records including cultural heritage designations (both of Protected Structures and entries to architectural and archaeological), extreme the entries to the Record of Sites and groundwater vulnerability and the presence of Monuments - 10 points); the Inner Source Protection Area. The Landscape character areas of very vulnerability of lakes and rivers ranges from high (10 points) and high value (5 moderate to high. In general terms, areas to points); the north and east of Lough Key are of lower Scenic routes and views (10 points); sensitivity. Geological Sites of Importance (10 points);
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 47 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Figure 4.17 Overlay of Environmental Sensitivities Source: CAAS (2015) CAAS for Roscommon County Council 48 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Section 5 Strategic Environmental Objectives
conservation value for habitats and species of 5.1 Introduction importance in the European Union.
Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are The Habitats Directive establishes Natura methodological measures developed from 2000, a network of protected areas throughout policies which generally govern environmental the EU. SACs together with Special Protection protection objectives established at Areas (SPAs) - which are designated under the international, Community or Member State 1979 Birds Directive - make up the Natura level e.g. the environmental protection 2000 network of protected sites. objectives of various European Directives which have been transposed into Irish law and Article 6 of the Habitats Directive provides for which are required to be implemented. the need to undertake Appropriate Assessments of plans or projects which have The SEOs are set out under a range of topics the potential to impacts upon Natura 2000 and are used as standards against which the sites. provisions of the Plan and the alternatives are evaluated in order to help identify which Article 10 of the Habitats Directive recognises provisions would be likely to result in the importance of ecological networks as significant environmental effects and where corridors and stepping stones for wildlife, such effects would be likely to occur, if - in the including for migration, dispersal and genetic case of adverse effects - unmitigated. exchange of species of flora and fauna. The Directive requires that ecological connectivity SEOs are distinct from the objectives of the and areas of ecological value outside the Plan - although they will often overlap - and network of designated ecological sites are they are not given statutory weight by virtue maintained, and it recognises the need for the of their use in Strategic Environmental management of these areas through land use Assessments. planning and development policies.
The SEOs are linked to indicators which can In Ireland, the habitats and species occurring facilitate monitoring the environmental effects in both SACs and SPAs are protected from of the Plan as well identifying targets which effects of development occurring outside their the Plan can help work towards. boundaries under Section 18 “Prohibition of works on lands outside a European site” of the SEOs were developed taking into account European Communities (Natural Habitats) feedback provided by the environmental Regulations 1997. The Regulations require authorities. that where a development is proposed to be carried out, on any land that is not within a protected site and is liable to have an adverse 5.2 Biodiversity, Flora and impact on the protected site in question, Fauna including direct, cumulative and indirect impacts, an Appropriate Assessment is 5.2.1 Habitats Directive 1992 required.
The integration of the requirements of Article The European Council Directive on the 6 of the Habitats Directive into the Planning Conservation of natural habitats and of wild and Development Act 2000 as amended and fauna and flora (92/43/EEC), referred to as the European Communities (Birds and Natural the Habitats Directive, aims to ensure the Habitats) Regulations 2011 puts the conservation of certain natural habitats and requirement for Appropriate Assessment into species which are at favourable conservation context for both projects and plans. status.
Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) are 5.2.2 Birds Directive 1979 designated and protected under the Habitats Directive 1992 (92/43/EEC) due to their The 1979 European Council Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds (79/409/EEC),
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 49 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 referred to as the Birds Directive, - as well as 5.2.5 National Biodiversity its amending acts - seeks to protect, manage and regulate all bird species naturally living in Plan 2011 the wild within the European territory of the The preparation and implementation of Member States, including the eggs of these nd 15 birds, their nests and their habitats; and to Ireland’s 2 National Biodiversity Plan 2011 regulate the exploitation of these species. ‘Actions for Biodiversity 2011 – 2016’ complies with an obligation under the UN Convention on The Directive places great emphasis on the Biological Diversity. The Plan has been protection of habitats for endangered as well developed in line with the EU and as migratory species, especially through the International Biodiversity strategies and establishment of a coherent network of Special policies. Protection Areas (SPAs). The measures Ireland will take are presented SPAs are protected under the Directive and as 102 actions under a series of 7 Strategic have been designated in Ireland by the Objectives. Some of the actions within the Department of Arts, Heritage and the plan are continuing elements of existing work Gaeltacht due to their conservation value for and many are requirements under existing EU birds of importance in the European Union. Directives. The objectives cover the conservation of biodiversity in the wider countryside and in the marine environment, 5.2.3 European Communities both within and outside protected areas; the (Birds and Natural mainstreaming of biodiversity across the Habitats) Regulations decision making process in the State; the strengthening of the knowledge base on 2011 biodiversity; increasing public awareness and participation; and Ireland’s contribution to The European Communities (Birds and Natural international biodiversity issues, including Habitats) Regulations 2011 consolidate the North South co-ordination on issues of European Communities (Natural Habitats) common interest. Regulations 1997 to 2005 and the European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats)(Control of Recreational Activities) 5.2.6 Wildlife Act 1976 and Regulations 2010, as well as addressing Wildlife (Amendment) transposition failures identified in the CJEU Act 2000 judgements. The basic designation for wildlife is the Natural The Regulations have been prepared to Heritage Area (NHA). They cover nationally address several judgments of the Court of important semi-natural and natural habitats, Justice of the European Union (CJEU) against landforms or geomorphological features, Ireland, notably cases C-418/04 and C-183/05, wildlife plant and animal species or a diversity in respect of failure to transpose elements of of these natural attributes. Under the Wildlife the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive Amendment Act (2000), NHAs are legally into Irish law. protected from damage from the date they are formally proposed for designation. Proposed 5.2.4 UN Convention on NHAs (pNHAs) were published on a non- Biological Diversity statutory basis in 1995, but have not since been statutorily proposed or designated - 1992 designation will proceed on a phased basis over the coming years. The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 requires the promotion of the The Planning and Development Act 2000 as conservation and sustainable use of amended defines a ‘wildlife site’ as: biodiversity.
15 Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands (2002) National Biodiversity Plan Dublin: Government of Ireland
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(a) an area proposed as a natural 5.2.9 SEOs, Indicators and heritage area and the subject of a notice made under section 16(1) of Targets the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000, SEO B1: To ensure compliance with the (b) an area designated as or proposed Habitats and Birds Directives to be designated as a natural heritage with regard to the protection area by a natural heritage area order of Natura 2000 Sites and made under section 18 of the Wildlife Annexed habitats and 16 (Amendment) Act 2000, species
(c) a nature reserve established or Indicator B1: Conservation status of proposed to be established under an habitats and species as establishment order made under assessed under Article 17 of section 15 (amended by section 26 of the Habitats Directive the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000) of the Wildlife Act 1976, Target B1: Maintenance of favourable conservation status for all (d) a nature reserve recognised or habitats and species protected proposed to be recognised under a under national and recognition 5 order made under international legislation to be section 16 (amended by section 27 of unaffected by implementation 17 the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000) of of the Plan the Wildlife Act 1976, or SEO B2: To ensure compliance with (e) a refuge for fauna or flora Article 10 of the Habitats designated 10 or proposed to be Directive with regard to the designated under a designation order management of features of made under section 17 (amended by the landscape which - by section 28 of the Wildlife virtue of their linear and (Amendment) Act 2000) of the Wildlife continuous structure or their Act 1976. function act as stepping stones (designated or not) - 5.2.7 County Biodiversity are of major importance for wild fauna and flora and Plan essential for the migration, dispersal and genetic Nature and Wildlife in Roscommon – Action for exchange of wild species Biodiversity, the Roscommon County Council Biodiversity Plan, was published in 2012. The Indicator B2: Percentage loss of functional Plan identifies areas which are important for connectivity without biodiversity, threats posed to these areas and remediation resulting from objectives for the protection of these areas. development provided for by the Plan 5.2.8 (Draft) National Peatlands Strategy Target B2: No significant ecological networks or parts thereof The Draft National Peatlands Strategy, which provide functional prepared by the National Parks and Wildlife connectivity to be lost without Service, will, when finalised, establish principles in relation to Irish peatlands in order 16 to guide Government policy. The Draft ‘Annexed habitats and species’ refer to those Strategy aims to provide a framework for listed under Annex I, II & IV of the EU Habitats Directive and Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. which all of the peatlands within the State can 17 Except as provided for in Section 6(4) of the be managed responsibly in order to optimise Habitats Directive, viz. There must be: their social, environmental and economic (a) no alternative solution available; contribution. (b) imperative reasons of overriding public interest for the plan to proceed; and (c) adequate compensatory measures in place.
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remediation resulting from development provided for in the Plan 5.3 Population and Human Health SEO B3: To avoid significant impacts on relevant habitats, species, 5.3.1 Population environmental features or other sustaining resources in The population provided for by the Plan will designated sites including interact with various environmental 18 Wildlife Sites and to ensure components. Potential interactions include: compliance with the Wildlife Acts 1976-2010 with regard to Recreational and development the protection of species listed pressure on habitats and landscapes - on Schedule 5 of the principal consideration of SEOs B1, B2 and B3 Act cover this issue; Increase in demand for wastewater Indicator B3i: Number of significant impacts treatment at the municipal level - on relevant habitats, species, consideration of SEO M1 covers this environmental features or issue; other sustaining resources in Increase in demand for water supply - designated sites including consideration of SEO M2 covers this Wildlife Sites resulting from issue; development provided for by Potential development in flood- the Plan sensitive areas - consideration of SEO W3 covers this issue; and Target B3i: Avoid significant impacts on Effect on water quality - consideration relevant habitats, species, of SEOs W1 and W2 cover this issue. environmental features or other sustaining resources in designated sites including 5.3.2 Human Health Wildlife Sites resulting from development provided for by 5.3.2.1 Overview the Plan The impact of implementing the Plan on human health is determined by the impacts Indicator B3ii: Number of significant impacts which the Plan will have upon environmental on the protection of species vectors. Environmental vectors are listed on Schedule 5 of the components, such as air, water or soils, Wildlife Act 1976 through which contaminants or pollutants, have the potential to cause harm, can be Target B3ii: No significant impacts on the transported so that they come into contact protection of species listed on with human beings. Impacts would be Schedule 5 of the Wildlife Act influenced by the extent to which new 1976 development is accompanied by appropriate infrastructure - this relates to SEOs M1 and M2; impacts upon the quality of water bodies - these relate to SEOs W1 and W2; and the extent of development provided which would affect flood risk - this relates to SEO W3.
5.3.2.2 Emission Limits Emission limits for discharges to air, soil and water are set with regards to internationally recognised exposure limit values. These are generally set to be many times the safe exposure limit - in order to provide protection. In the event that a land-use plan began to 18 The Planning and Development Act 2000 as have adverse health effects on surrounding amended defines a ‘wildlife site’. See Section 5.2.6. populations it is likely that it would have been
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 52 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 identified as being in breach of such emission 5.4.2 SEO, Indicator and standards at a very early stage - and long before the manifestation of any adverse health Target effects in the population. SEO S1: To avoid damage to the 5.3.3 SEO, Indicator and hydrogeological and ecological function of the soil resource Target Indicator S1: Soil extent and hydraulic SEO PHH1: To protect populations and connectivity human health from exposure to incompatible landuses Target S1: To minimise reductions in soil extent and hydraulic Indicator PHH1: Occurrence (any) of a spatially connectivity concentrated deterioration in human health arising from environmental factors 5.5 Water resulting from development provided for by the Plan, as 5.5.1 The Water Framework identified by the Health Directive 2000 Service Executive and Environmental Protection Since 2000, Water Management in the EU has Agency been directed by the Water Framework
Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD). The WFD has Target PHH1: No spatial concentrations of been transposed into Irish legislation by the health problems arising from European Communities (Water Policy) environmental factors as a Regulations 2003 (SI No. 722 of 2003). The result of implementing the WFD requires that all member states Plan implement the necessary measures to prevent deterioration of the status of all waters - 5.4 Soil surface, ground, estuarine and coastal - and protect, enhance and restore all waters with the aim of achieving good status by 2015. 5.4.1 Overview 5.5.2 Quality Standards for Soil is potentially subject to a series of threats including erosion, decline in organic matter, Surface Waters local and diffuse contamination, sealing, compaction, decline in biodiversity, The European Communities Environmental salinisation, floods and landslides. A Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 combination of some of these threats can (SI No. 272 of 2009) is the final major piece of ultimately lead arid or sub-arid climatic legislation needed to support the WFD and conditions to desertification. gives statutory effect to Directive 2008/105/EC on environmental quality standards in the field Given the importance of soil and the need to of water policy. The Surface Waters prevent further soil degradation, the Sixth Regulations also give further effect to the Environment Action Programme19 called for WFD, establishing a framework for Community the development of a Thematic Strategy on action in the field of water policy and Directive Soil Protection. 2006/11/EC on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community.
The Surface Waters Regulations apply to all surface waters - including lakes, rivers, canals, transitional waters, and coastal waters - and provide, inter alia, for: 19 Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22nd July 2002 laying down the Sixth Community Environment The establishment of legally binding Action Programme (OJ L 242, 10.9.2002, p. 1). quality objectives for all surface
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waters and environmental quality as ensuring a continuity to the 1980 standards for pollutants; Groundwater Directive (Directive 80/68/EEC The examination and where on the protection of groundwater against appropriate, review of existing pollution caused by dangerous substances) discharge authorisations by Public which is due to be repealed under the WFD by Authorities to ensure that the emission the end of 2013. limits laid down in authorisations support compliance with the new Article 3 of the 2006 Directive requires that water quality objectives/standards; the assessment of the chemical status of The classification of surface water groundwater use both quality standards bodies by the EPA for the purposes of identified in Annex I of the Directive and the Water Framework Directive; threshold values to be set by individual The establishment of inventories of member states. priority substances by the EPA, and; The drawing up of pollution reduction Groundwater quality standards are plans by coordinating local authorities environmental quality standards expressed as (in consultation with the EPA) to the concentration of a particular pollutant, reduce pollution by priority substances group of pollutants or indicator of pollution in and to cease and/or phase out groundwater, which should not be exceeded in discharges, emissions or losses of order to protect human health and the priority hazardous substances. environment. Annex I of the Directive sets standards for two pollutants: Nitrates - 50mg/l In order to satisfy the overall WFD objective of - and; Active substances in pesticides22, ‘good status’, a surface water body must including their relevant metabolites, achieve the requirements of the good degradation and reaction products - 0,1 µg/l ecological20 and chemical21 status. and 0,5 µg/l (total23).
The EU’s Common Implementation Strategy Irish groundwater threshold values24 are Guidance Document No. 20 provides guidance currently in the process of being set by the on exemptions to the environmental objectives EPA. of the Water Framework Directive. 5.5.4 River Basin 5.5.3 Quality Standards and Management Plans Threshold Values for Ground Water The Plan area is located within both the Shannon International and Western River Detailed provisions to achieve the aims of the Basin Districts. These Districts have River WFD for ground water have been presented in a Groundwater Directive (Directive 22 ‘Pesticides’ means plant protection products and 2006/118/EC on the protection of groundwater biocidal products as defined in Article 2 of Directive against pollution and deterioration). 91/414/EEC and in Article 2 of Directive 98/8/EC, respectively. This Directive sets up environmental objectives 23 ‘Total’ means the sum of all individual pesticides of good groundwater quantity and good detected and quantified in the monitoring groundwater quality (chemical status), as well procedure, including their relevant metabolites, degradation and reaction products. 24 Threshold values are to be established by 20 Ecological status comprises: biological quality Member States for all pollutants and indicators of elements, physiochemical conditions and pollution which characterise groundwater bodies hyrdomorphological quality elements. The overall classified as being at risk of failing to achieve good ecological status of the water body is determined by groundwater chemical status under the WFD. the lowest level of status achieved across all quality Threshold values are required to be established in a elements. way that, should the monitoring results at a 21 Chemical status assessment is based on representative monitoring point exceed the compliance with the standards laid down for priority thresholds, this will indicate a risk that one or more substances by Directive 2008/105/EC on of the conditions for good groundwater chemical environmental quality standards in the field of water status - with regard to the ability of groundwater to policy (the Surface Waters Regulations give effect support human uses and with regard to waters to the environmental standards established by this used for the abstraction of drinking water - are not Directive). being met.
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Basin Management Plans and Programmes of on avoidance, reduction and Measures which are implemented in order to mitigation of flood risk; and enable the achievement of the requirements of Incorporate flood risk assessment into the WFD. the process of making decisions on planning applications and planning 5.5.5 Flooding appeals.
5.5.5.1 EU Floods Directive 5.5.5.3 SFRA European Directive 2007/60/EC on the A Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) has assessment and management of flood risks been undertaken and is available alongside aims to reduce and manage the risks that Plan. The SFRA provides information on a floods pose to human health, the environment, number of flood risk indicators within the Plan cultural heritage and economic activity. The area and has facilitated the integration of flood Directive applies to inland waters as well as all risk management considerations into the Plan. coastal waters across the whole territory of the EU. 5.5.6 SEOs, Indicators and Targets The Directive requires Member States to carry out a preliminary assessment by 2011 in order Note that SEOs W1 and W2 also relate to the to identify the river basins and associated quality of soils. coastal areas at risk of flooding. For such zones flood risk maps are currently being SEO W1: To maintain and improve, finalised. Flood risk management plans where possible, the quality focused on prevention, protection and and status of surface waters preparedness will be finalised in 2016.
Indicator W1i: Classification of Overall Status The Directive is to be carried out in (comprised of ecological and coordination with the Water Framework chemical status) under the Directive and Flood Risk Management Plans European Communities and River Basin District Management Plans Environmental Objectives should be coordinated. (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 (SI No. 272 of 2009) 5.5.5.2 DEHLG Flood Risk Management
Guidelines Target W1i: Not to cause deterioration in In November 2009 the (then) DEHLG and the the status of any surface OPW issued The Planning System and Flood water or affect the ability of Risk Management Guidelines for Planning any surface water to achieve Authorities. These are aimed at ensuring a ‘good status’25 more consistent, rigorous and systematic approach which will fully incorporate flood risk SEO W2: To prevent pollution and assessment and management into the contamination of ground planning system. water
The Guidelines require the planning system to, Indicator W2: Groundwater Quality among other things: Standards and Threshold Values under Directive Avoid development in areas at risk of 2006/118/EC flooding, particularly flood plains, unless there are proven sustainability Target W2: Not to affect the ability of grounds that justify appropriate groundwaters to comply with development and where flood risk can Groundwater Quality be reduced or managed to an Standards and Threshold acceptable level, without increasing flood risk elsewhere; 25 Good status as defined by the WFD equates to Adopt a sequential approach to flood approximately Q4 in the current national scheme of risk management when assessing the biological classification of rivers and mesotrophic in location for new development based the trophic classification of lakes, as set out by the EPA.
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Values under Directive In the medium-to-long-term Irish Water will 2006/118/EC produce and implement a series of 6 year Multi-Annual Capital Investment Plans which SEO W3: To comply as appropriate with will synchronise with the 6 year River Basin the provisions of the Planning Management Plan cycles. The 6 year Capital System and Flood Risk Investment Plans are to be guided by a 25- Management: Guidelines for year Water Services Strategic Plan which is Planning Authorities (DEHLG, required to focus on how capacity deficits will 2009) be addressed and what the primary strategic objectives of Irish Water are to be. The Plan Indicator W3: Number of incompatible will set strategic objectives taking into account developments granted capacity deficits and demographic and permission on lands which economic trends. pose - or are likely to pose in the future - a significant flood 5.6.3 Urban Waste Water risk Treatment Directive
Target W3: Minimise developments 2001 granted permission on lands which pose - or are likely to The treatment of wastewater is governed by pose in the future - a the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive significant flood risk in (91/271/EEC) (amended by Directive compliance with The Planning 98/15/EEC) transposed into Irish law by the System and Flood Risk Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations Management Guidelines for 2001 (SI No. 254 of 2001). The Directive aims Planning Authorities to protect the environment from the adverse effects of the wastewater discharges by ensuring that wastewater is appropriately 5.6 Material Assets treated before it is discharged to the environment. The Regulations stipulate that 5.6.1 Water Services Act 2007 sewage treatment facilities are in place in all towns by 2005.
Major legislative revisions have been provided Appropriate treatment is essential in order to for in the Water Services Act 2007. Water meet the requirements of the Water Services Act 2007 (No. 30 of 2007). The Act Framework Directive (see Section 5.5.1). incorporates a comprehensive review, update and consolidation of all existing water services legislation, and facilitates the establishment of 5.6.4 Drinking Water a comprehensive supervisory regime to ensure Regulations 2007 compliance with specified performance standards. The European Communities (Drinking Water) Regulations (No. 2) 2007 require the 5.6.2 Water Services Act 2013 compliance of water intended for human consumption with 48 parameters. The Water Services Act 2013 provides for the establishment of Irish Water as a subsidiary of Measures have been integrated into the Plan Bord Gáis Éireann. The Act provides the in order to help ensure a clean and wholesome Commission for Energy Regulation with a water supply. function to advise the Government in relation to the development of policy regarding the 5.6.5 Waste Management regulation of the provision of water services. The Act provides that the Commission may do As well as having regard to the Waste Plan for all things necessary in preparation for the Connacht Ulster Region, the Lough Key LAP performance of water regulatory functions and will also have regard to all legislative, national that the Commission may undertake the and regional documents and objectives in the necessary consultations with Bord Gáis Éireann implementation of waste management. and Irish Water, water services authorities, or any other person.
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5.6.6 SEOs, Indicators and SEO M3: To reduce waste volumes, Target minimise waste to landfill and increase recycling and reuse.
SEO M1: To serve new development Indicator M3i: Total collected and brought with adequate and household waste appropriate waste water treatment Target M3i: Minimise increases in and, where possible, reduce Indicator M1: Number of new developments household waste generation granted permission which can be adequately and Indicator M3ii: Packaging recovered (t) by appropriately served with self-complying packagers waste water treatment over the lifetime of the Plan Target M3ii: Maximise increases in packaging recovered (t) by Target M1: All new developments granted self-complying packagers permission to be connected to and adequately and appropriately served by waste 5.7 Air and Climatic water treatment over the lifetime of the Plan Factors
SEO M2: To serve new development 5.7.1 Introduction with adequate drinking water that is both wholesome and The impact of implementing the Plan on air clean quality and climatic factors will be determined by the impacts which the Plan has upon the Indicator M2: Number of non-compliances greenhouse gas emissions arising from with the 48 parameters transport which relate to SEO C1. identified in the European Communities (Drinking Water) Travel is a source of: Regulations (No. 2) 2007 which present a potential 1. Noise; danger to human health as a 2. Air emissions; and result of implementing the 3. Energy use (39% of Total Final Plan Energy Consumption in Ireland in 2012 was taken up by transport, Target M2: No non-compliances with the the largest take up of any 48 parameters identified in sector)26. the European Communities (Drinking Water) Regulations Land-use planning contributes to what number (No. 2) 2007 which present a and what extent of journeys occur. By potential danger to human addressing journey time through land use health as a result of planning and providing more sustainable implementing the Plan modes and levels of mobility, noise and other emissions to air and energy use can be minimised. Furthermore, by concentrating populations, greenfield development - and its associated impacts - can be minimised and the cost of service provision can be reduced.
5.7.2 Air Quality
In order to protect human health, vegetation and ecosystems, EU Directives set down air
26 Sustainable Energy Ireland (2014) Energy in Ireland 1990 – 2012
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 57 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 quality standards in Ireland and the other Inform and consult the public about Member States for a wide variety of pollutants. noise exposure, its effects, and the These pollutants are generated through fuel measures considered to address noise. combustion, in space heating, traffic, electricity generation and industry and, in The Directive does not set any limit value, nor sufficient amounts, could affect the well-being does it prescribe the measures to be used in of inhabitants. The EU Directives include the action plans, which remain at the details regarding how ambient air quality discretion of the competent authorities. should be monitored, assessed and managed. 5.7.5 SEOs, Indicators and The principles to this European approach are set out under the Air Quality Framework Targets Directive 1996 while four daughter Directives lay down limits or thresholds for specific SEO C1: To reduce travel related pollutants. emissions to air and to encourage modal change from 5.7.3 Climatic Factors car to more sustainable forms of transport
The 2020 EU Effort Sharing target commits Indicator C1: Percentage of population Ireland to reducing emissions from those travelling to work, school or sectors that are not covered by the Emissions college by public transport or Trading Scheme (e.g. transport, agriculture non-mechanical means and residential) to 20% below 2005 levels.
Target C1: An increase in the percentage 5.7.4 Noise of the population travelling to work, school or college by Noise is unwanted sound. Traffic noise alone is public transport or non- harming today the health of almost one third mechanical means of Europeans27.
The Noise Directive - Directive 2002/49/EC 5.8 Cultural Heritage relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise - is part of an EU 5.8.1 Archaeological Heritage strategy setting out to reduce the number of people affected by noise in the longer term 5.8.1.1 Valletta Convention 1992 and to provide a framework for developing existing Community policy on noise reduction The European Convention on Protection of the from source. The Directive requires competent Archaeological Heritage known as the Valletta authorities in Member States to: Convention of 1992 was ratified by Ireland in 1997 and requires that appropriate Draw up strategic noise maps for consideration be given to archaeological issues major roads, railways, airports and at all stages of the planning and development agglomerations, using harmonised process. noise indicators28 and use these maps to assess the number of people which 5.8.1.2 National Heritage Plan for may be impacted upon as a result of Ireland 2002 excessive noise levels; The core objective of the National Heritage Draw up action plans to reduce noise Plan for Ireland 200229 is to protect Ireland’s where necessary and maintain heritage. In this regard the polluter pays and environmental noise quality where it is the precautionary principle are operable. good; and
27 World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2003) Technical meeting on exposure- response relationships of noise on health 19-21 September 2002 Bonn, Germany Bonn: WHO 29 Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the 28 [Lden (day-evening-night equivalent level) and Islands (2002) National Heritage Plan for Ireland Lnight (night equivalent level)] Dublin: Government of Ireland
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5.8.1.3 National Monuments Acts which is granted permission under the Plan Archaeology in Ireland is protected under the
National Monuments Acts 1930 to 2004. Target CH1: Protect entries to the Record
of Monuments and Places - Recorded monuments are protected by including Zones of inclusion on the list and marked on the map Archaeological Potential (and which comprises the Record of Monuments their context of the above and Places (RMP) set out County by County within the surrounding under Section 12 of the National Monuments landscape where relevant) (Amendment) Act, 1994 by the Archaeological from adverse effects resulting Survey of Ireland. The definition includes from development which is Zones of Archaeological Potential in towns and granted permission under the all other monuments of archaeological interest Plan which have so far been identified.
Any works at, or in relation to a recorded monument requires two months’ notice to the SEO CH2: To protect architectural Department of the Environment, Heritage and heritage including entries to Local Government under section 12 of the the Record of Protected National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994. Structures and their context
Direct impacts on national monuments in State Indicator CH2: Percentage of entries to the or Local Authority care or subject to a Record of Protected Structures preservation order require the consent of the and their context protected Minister for the Environment, Heritage and from adverse effects resulting Local Government under Section 14 of the from development which is National Monuments Act 1930 as amended by granted permission under the Section 5 of the National Monuments Plan (Amendment) Act 2004. Target CH2: Protect entries to the Record of Protected Structures and 5.8.2 Architectural Heritage their context from adverse effects resulting from Records of Protected Structures are legislated development which is granted for under Section 51 of the Planning and permission under the Plan Development Act 2000 as amended and include structures which form part of the architectural heritage and which are of special 5.9 Landscape architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest. 5.9.1 Overview
5.8.3 SEO, Indicators and The SEO for landscape is guided by landscape Targets designations contained in the County’s Landscape Character Assessment. SEO CH1: To protect archaeological heritage including entries to 5.9.2 Planning and the Record of Monuments and Development Acts Places and/or their context
The Planning and Development Acts, 2000 - Indicator CH1: Percentage of entries to the 2010 requires that a Development Plan shall Record of Monuments and include objectives relating to ‘…. landscape, in Places - including Zones of accordance with relevant policies or objectives Archaeological Potential (and for the time being of the Government relating the context of the above to providing a framework for identification, within the surrounding assessment, protection, management and landscape where relevant) – planning of landscapes and developed having protected from adverse effects regard to the European Landscape resulting from development Convention.’
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5.9.3 European Landscape 5.9.5 SEO, Indicator and Convention Target
The European Landscape Convention - also SEO L1: To avoid significant adverse known as the Florence Convention, - promotes impacts on the landscape - the protection, management and planning of especially with regard to European landscapes and organises European landscapes which are most co-operation on landscape issues. The valuable and Scenic Routes Convention defines landscape as ‘an area, as and Scenic Views perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural Indicator L1: Number of complaints and/or human factors’. As a signatory of the received from statutory Convention there is an obligation on Ireland to consultees regarding prepare a National Landscape Strategy. avoidable impacts on the landscape - especially with 5.9.4 National Landscape regard to landscapes which Strategy are most valuable and Scenic Routes and Scenic Views - resulting from development The Department of Arts, Heritage and which is granted permission Gaeltacht’s ‘National Landscape Strategy for under the Plan Ireland 2015 – 2025’ sets out Ireland’s aims and objectives with regard to landscape. The Target L1: No developments permitted Strategy contains a commitment to preparing which result in avoidable an overarching National Landscape Character impacts on the landscape - Assessment that will be followed by the especially with regard to publication of ‘Planning Guidelines on Local landscapes which are most Landscape Character Assessment’. valuable and Scenic Routes
and Scenic Views - resulting
from development which is
granted permission under the
Plan
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 60 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Section 6 Alternative Development Strategies
The SEA Directive requires that reasonable alternatives (taking into account the objectives and the geographical scope of the plan or programme) are identified, described and evaluated for their likely significant effects on the environment.
The description of the environmental baseline (both maps and text) and Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) are used in the evaluation of alternatives.
Roscommon County Council in preparing the Local Area Plan 2015-2021 developed three alternative development strategies for Boyle as follows:
Development Strategy 1, which considers the implications of continuing in accordance with the development objectives of the 2009- 2015 Lough Key Local Area Plan;
Development Strategy 2, which considers the implications of retaining zoning in Cootehall and not applying the conservation zone development controls within the Lough Key Plan area, thereby allowing various forms of development to take place in an unregulated manner; and
Development Strategy 3, which considers the implications of applying a zoned approach to one off houses in the rural environs of the Plan area and adhering to the residential policies in place (principally Policy 5.27) for Tier 4 Rural Villages (Cootehall) and Village Nuclei (Knockvicar) of the RCDP 2014- 2020.
These alternatives are detailed on Table 6.1 below and mapped on Figure 6.1, Figure 6.2 and Figure 6.3.
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Table 6.1 Description of Alternative Development Strategies and Planning Implications
Alternative Development Strategy 1 Alternative Development Strategy 2 Alternative Development Strategy 3 Summary Considers the implications of continuing in accordance Considers the implications of retaining zoning in Considers the implications of applying a zoned with the development objectives of the 2009-2015 Cootehall and not applying the conservation zone approach to one off houses in the rural environs Lough Key Local Area Plan. development controls within the Lough Key Plan area, of the Plan area and adhering to the residential thereby allowing various forms of development to take policies in place (principally Policy 5.27) for Tier 4 place in an unregulated manner Rural Villages (Cootehall) and Village Nuclei (Knockvicar) of the RCDP 2014-2020. Features o This development strategy facilitates the o This development strategy places the rural o Continuation of the approach of continuation of detailed land use zoning in lands within the Lough Key Plan boundary into identifying conservation zones on the Cootehall, in which there would be opportunity Category C i.e. Areas in Need of Regeneration lands surrounding Lough Key, with a for further multi-unit residential development in -as set out in Chapter 5 (Housing) of the RCDP rationalisation of zones based on up to Cootehall (which is contrary to the policies set 2014-2020. This permits individual housing date analysis. out in the RCDP 2014-2020 in respect of Tier 4 development in principal. o Provision of a greater level of clarity villages in which a Moratorium on Multi-Unit o Continuation of zoning of Cootehall Village. regarding development potential within Housing Schemes applies) 30. o This strategy fails to addresses the issue of the conservation zones surrounding o Continuation of the previously identified unsustainable levels of residential expansion of Lough Key. conservation zones of the lands surrounding Cootehall, resulting in a negative impact on o Application of the moratorium on multi- Lough Key (Zones 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3, 4, and the character of this village and increased unit housing developments in Cootehall 4A). demand on infrastructure provision. in accordance with the policies of the o Facilitate refurbishment of existing structures o No moratorium on multi-unit residential RCDP 2014-2020, and in conjunction only as identified in Zones 1, 1A and 2A and 2B. schemes (3 or more units) applied to with a focus on promoting the o The promotion of tourism development within Cootehall. completion of existing unfinished the plan area, particularly tourism development o The promotion of tourism development developments and uptake of the vacant within Lough Key Forest Park. specifically within the plan area, particularly residential unit in Cootehall before the tourism development within Lough Key Forest development of any further multi- Park. development units is considered. o Removal of specific land use zoning in Cootehall and the identification of a settlement boundary, thereby achieving consistency with the approach taken to all other Tier 4 villages in Co. Roscommon. In addition, the identification of a settlement boundary pertaining to the village nuclei of Knockvicar. o Continue to promote and expand on the tourism infrastructure in place and encourage new tourism initiatives.
30 Variation to County Plan needed to realise this strategy CAAS for Roscommon County Council 62 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Figure 6.1 Alternative Development Strategy 1
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Figure 6.2 Alternative Development Strategy 2
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Figure 6.3 Alternative Development Strategy 3
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 65 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Section 7 Evaluation of Alternatives
significant negative effects however 7.1 Methodology these effects could be mitigated (for the chosen alternative these effects The description of the environmental baseline are mitigated by measures which have together with the maps provided in Section 4 been integrated into the Plan). of this report (including the Environmental Sensitivity Overlay Mapping) is used in the evaluation.
Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) identified in Section 5 and reproduced overleaf are also used.
The provisions of the alternatives are evaluated using compatibility criteria (see Table 7.2 below) in order to determine how they would be likely to affect the status of the SEOs. The SEOs and the alternatives are arrayed against each other to identify which interactions - if any - would cause effects on specific components of the environment. Where the appraisal identifies a likely conflict with the status of an SEO the relevant SEO code is entered into the conflict column - e.g. B1 which stands for the SEO likely to be affected - in this instance ‘to ensure compliance with the Habitats Directive with regard to the protection of Natura 2000 Sites and Annexed habitats and species31’.
The interactions identified are reflective of likely significant environmental effects32;
1. Interactions that would be likely to improve the status of a particular SEO would be likely to result in a significant positive effect on the environmental component to which the SEO relates. 2. Interactions that would probably conflict with the status of an SEO and would be unlikely to be mitigated would be likely to result in a significant negative effect on the environmental component to which the SEO relates. 3. Interactions that would potentially conflict with the status of an SEO and would be likely to be mitigated would be likely to result in potential
31 ‘Annexed habitats and species’ refers to those listed under Annex I, II & IV of the EU Habitats Directive and Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. 32 These effects include secondary, cumulative, synergistic, short, medium and long-term permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects.
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Table 7.1 Strategic Environmental Objectives33
SEO Code SEO B1 To ensure compliance with the Habitats and Birds Directives with regard to the protection of Natura 2000 Sites and Annexed habitats and species34 B2 To ensure compliance with Article 10 of the Habitats Directive with regard to the management of features of the landscape which - by virtue of their linear and continuous structure or their function act as stepping stones - are of significant importance for wild fauna and flora and/or essential for the migration, dispersal and genetic exchange of wild species B3 To avoid significant impacts on relevant habitats, species, environmental features or other sustaining resources in designated sites including Wildlife Sites and to ensure compliance with the Wildlife Acts 1976-2010 with regard to the protection of species listed on Schedule 5 of the principal Act PHH1 To protect populations and human health from exposure to incompatible landuses S1 To avoid damage to the hydrogeological and ecological function of the soil resource W1 To maintain and improve, where possible, the quality and status of surface waters W2 To prevent pollution and contamination of ground water W3 To comply as appropriate with the provisions of the Flood Risk Management Guidelines M1 To serve new development with adequate and appropriate waste water treatment M2 To serve new development with adequate drinking water that is both wholesome and clean M3 To reduce waste volumes, minimise waste to landfill and increase recycling and reuse C1 To reduce travel related emissions to air and to encourage modal change from car to more sustainable forms of transport CH1 To protect archaeological heritage including entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and/or their context CH2 To protect architectural heritage including entries to the Record of Protected Structures and their context L1 To avoid significant adverse impacts on the landscape - especially with regard to landscapes which are most valuable and Scenic Routes and Scenic Views
Table 7.2 Criteria for appraising the effect on SEOs
Likely to Improve status of SEOs Probable Conflict with status of Potential Conflict with status of SEOs- unlikely to be fully mitigated SEOs- likely to be mitigated
33 See Section 1.1 for a description of Strategic Environmental Objectives. 34 ‘Annexed habitats and species’ refer to those listed under Annex I, II & IV of the EU Habitats Directive and Annex I of the EU Birds Directive.
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cumulative environmental effects that are 7.2 Cumulative Effects included in the assessment relate to effects upon the status of surface and ground waters Cumulative effects are one of the types of and associated interactions (in combination effects which have been considered in the with, inter alia, the Regional Planning assessment of the alternatives. Cumulative Guidelines for the West, the Development effects can be described as the addition of Plans including the Roscommon County many small impacts to create one larger, more Development Plan, Local Area Plans including significant, impact. the Lough Key Local Area Plan, when adopted, and the Western and Shannon International There are 2 types of potential cumulative River Basin Management Plans), such as those effects that have been considered, namely: related to ecology and drinking water resources, and potential effects upon the Potential intra-Plan cumulative effects landscape. Other potential inter-Plan - these arise from the interactions cumulative environmental effects include those between different types of potential occurring on various environmental environmental effects resulting from a components within surrounding areas where Plan; and, the Roscommon County Development Plan is in force including the potential cumulative Potential inter-Plan cumulative effects visual impact of development at the interface - these arise when the effects of the between the LAP boundary and the implementation of one plan occur in surrounding area of the County which is combination with those of other plans subject to the provisions of the County or developments. Development Plan.
A variety of potential intra-Plan cumulative environmental effects occur when considering the implementation of the alternatives. The interrelationships between environmental components that determine these potential effects are identified on Table 8.4 e.g. interrelationships between: human health and water quality; human health and air quality; and human health and flood risk.
With regard to potential inter-Plan cumulative environmental effects, these occur as a result of the combination of: potential environmental effects which are identified by the assessment as arising from alternatives; and the effects arising from other plans or developments. Other Plans and developments which have been considered by the assessment of environmental effects include those which are detailed under Section 2.5 and those which are detailed throughout Section 4 and Section 5.
The assessment of the likely inter-Plan cumulative environmental effects requires knowledge of the likely effects of all plans/developments under consideration. The assessment is limited in certain instances as there has been limited assessment of the likely types of developments provided for by other policies, plans and programmes that could occur in combination with the implementation of the LAP. Taking into account available information, the key potential inter-Plan
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 68 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
7.3 Potentially Significant Adverse Effects
Environmental impacts which occur, if any, will be determined by the nature and extent of multiple or individual projects and site specific environmental factors.
Avoidance of conflict with SEOs and the environment is dependent upon compliance with the mitigation measures which have emerged through the SEA, AA and SFRA processes and which have been integrated into the Plan. The potentially significant adverse environmental effects arising from implementation of the Plan are detailed on Table 7.3 below.
Table 7.3 Potential Adverse Effects
Environmental Component Likely Significant Effect, if unmitigated Biodiversity and Flora and Fauna o Loss of biodiversity with regard to designated biodiversity and flora and fauna (including Natura 2000 Sites, proposed Natural Heritage Areas and including Drum Bridge, Tawnytaskin Annexed habitats and species), ecological connectivity and stepping Wood, Drumman's Island, Hog's stones and non-designated biodiversity and flora and fauna (see baseline Island, Corrigeenroe Marsh, Lough Section 4.2) Drumharlow, Fin Lough proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHAs)
Population and Human Health o Spatially concentrated deterioration in human health (see baseline Section 4.3) Soil o Adverse impacts on the hydrogeological and ecological function of the soil resource (see baseline Section 4.4) (especially soil on greenfield lands and overlying inner source protection area)
Water o Adverse impacts upon the status of water bodies arising from changes in quality, flow and/or morphology (see baseline Sections 4.5) (including the Lough Key, Oakport o Increase in flood risk (see baseline Section 4.5.6) Lough, the Rockingham Stream and underlying groundwater)
Material Assets o Failure to provide adequate and appropriate waste water treatment (see baseline Section 4.7.1) (it is the function of Irish Water to o Failure to comply with drinking water regulations and serve new provide for water services needs) development with adequate drinking water that is both wholesome and clean (see baseline Section 4.7.1) o Increases in waste levels (see baseline Section 4.7.2) Air and Climatic Factors o Failure to contribute towards sustainable transport and associated impacts (energy usage and emissions to air including noise and greenhouse gases) (see baseline Section 4.6) Cultural Heritage o Effects on entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and other archaeological heritage (see baseline Section 4.8.2) o Effects on entries to the Records of Protected Structures and other architectural heritage (see baseline Section 4.8.3) Landscape o Occurrence of adverse visual impacts (see baseline Section 4.9)
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7.4 Comparative Evaluation of all Alternative Development Strategies
Alternative Development Strategy 1 would in general limit the development of most of the LAP area (the ‘conservation zones’) to the refurbishment of existing units. This would contribute towards the protection of environmental components and the achievement of sustainable development. The facilitation of a tightly controlled level of locally generated rural housing need would present a range of potential adverse environmental effects (consistent with those detailed under Section 7.3) which would have to be mitigated – with applications assessed having regard to environmental issues including effluent treatment, visual impact and design. Environmental sensitivities relevant to the general LAP area include the following:
Ecological designations (seven proposed Natural Heritage Areas - Drum Bridge, Tawnytaskin Wood, Drumman's Island, Hog's Island, Corrigeenroe Marsh, Lough Drumharlow, Fin Lough - occur within/adjacent to the LAP boundary); Habitats (including Lough Key, a number of streams, woodland, lands occupied by agriculture with areas of natural vegetation and transitional woodland scrub); Visual sensitivities (the LAP area is within a Landscape Character Area identified by the Council as being of Exceptional Value and containing a number of views which are protected under the Plan); Water services (not all areas are served by the public system but there is limited, available capacity in the system for Cootehall); Cultural Heritage (including entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and entries to the Record of Protected Structures); Water quality (including the Lough Key, Oakport Lough, the Boyle River, the Rockingham Stream and underlying groundwater); and Sustainable mobility (the LAP area is a wide-spanning area, not served well by public transport).
Providing for multi-unit residential development in Cootehall could lead to a proliferation of dwellings in this village which would be likely to lead to a further loss of its rural character with impacts upon lands of high scenic and tourist value. Other sensitivities which would be threatened include the following:
Ecological designations (seven proposed Natural Heritage Areas - Drum Bridge, Tawnytaskin Wood, Drumman's Island, Hog's Island, Corrigeenroe Marsh, Lough Drumharlow, Fin Lough - occur nearby); Habitats in the environs (where agricultural activities occur); Water services (there is limited, available capacity in the system for Cootehall); Cultural Heritage (including entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and entries to the Record of Protected Structures); and Water quality (including the Boyle River, Lough Key, Oakport Lough and underlying groundwater).
The promotion of tourism in the Plan area (including the expansion of tourism infrastructure and the development of new tourism initiatives), and in Lough Key Forest Park in particular, would present a range of potential adverse environmental effects which would have to be mitigated. Potential effects would be consistent with those detailed under Section 7.3 and would include those relating to woodland and lake-side vegetation, the status of the waters in Lough Key and visual impact from the lake, lakeshore and Rockingham Demesne. The focus of tourism development in Lough Key Forest Park would help to facilitate this mitigation by avoidance and reduction as follows:
The area has sufficient infrastructure in place to facilitate further development, including sewerage disposal via a pumping station to the existing public sewerage treatment plant and drinking water provision;
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The area is screened from the N4 by existing vegetation, although visible from the shores of Lough Key; The western portion of the area could facilitate a large scale development, with limited loss of existing vegetation along the lake shores; Development of the area would be likely to contribute towards the regeneration of structures of architectural merit; and Potential exists for the further promotion of linkages between Forest Park and Boyle, through the provision of designated walking and cycling lanes.
Alternative Development Strategy 2 would not apply a limit to the development of most of the LAP area (the ‘conservation zones’), permitting individual housing development in principal. This would lead to significant environmental conflicts with significant residual adverse effects likely. This aspect of the LAP would not contribute towards sustainable development. Environmental sensitivities relevant to the general LAP area which would be threatened include the following:
Ecological designations (seven proposed Natural Heritage Areas - Drum Bridge, Tawnytaskin Wood, Drumman's Island, Hog's Island, Corrigeenroe Marsh, Lough Drumharlow, Fin Lough - occur within/adjacent to the LAP boundary); Habitats (including Lough Key, a number of streams, woodland, lands occupied by agriculture with areas of natural vegetation and transitional woodland scrub); Visual sensitivities (the LAP area is within a Landscape Character Area identified by the Council as being of Exceptional Value and containing a number of views which are protected under the Plan); Water services (not all areas are served by the public system but there is limited, available capacity in the system for Cootehall); Cultural Heritage (including entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and entries to the Record of Protected Structures); Water quality (including the Lough Key, Oakport Lough, the Boyle River, the Rockingham Stream and underlying groundwater); and Sustainable mobility (the LAP area is a wide-spanning area, not served well by public transport).
Providing for multi-unit residential development in Cootehall could lead to a proliferation of dwellings in this village which would be likely to lead to a further loss of its rural character with impacts upon lands of high scenic and tourist value. Other sensitivities which would be threatened include the following:
Ecological designations (seven proposed Natural Heritage Areas - Drum Bridge, Tawnytaskin Wood, Drumman's Island, Hog's Island, Corrigeenroe Marsh, Lough Drumharlow, Fin Lough - occur nearby); Habitats in the environs (where agricultural activities occur); Water services (there is limited, available capacity in the system for Cootehall); Cultural Heritage (including entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and entries to the Record of Protected Structures); and Water quality (including the Boyle River, Lough Key, Oakport Lough and underlying groundwater).
The promotion of tourism in the Plan area (including the expansion of tourism infrastructure and the development of new tourism initiatives), and in Lough Key Forest Park in particular, would present a range of potential adverse environmental effects which would have to be mitigated. Potential effects would be consistent with those detailed under Section 7.3 and would include those relating to woodland and lake-side vegetation, the status of the waters in Lough Key and visual impact from the lake, lakeshore and Rockingham Demesne. The focus of tourism development in Lough Key Forest Park would help to facilitate this mitigation by avoidance and reduction as follows:
The area has sufficient infrastructure in place to facilitate further development, including sewerage disposal via a pumping station to the existing public sewerage treatment plant and drinking water provision;
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The area is screened from the N4 by existing vegetation, although visible from the shores of Lough Key; The western portion of the area could facilitate a large scale development, with limited loss of existing vegetation along the lake shores; Development of the area would be likely to contribute towards the regeneration of structures of architectural merit; and Potential exists for the further promotion of linkages between Forest Park and Boyle, through the provision of designated walking and cycling lanes.
Alternative Development Strategy 3 would in general limit the development of most of the LAP area (the ‘conservation zones’) to the refurbishment of existing units. This would contribute towards the protection of environmental components and the achievement of sustainable development. The facilitation of a tightly controlled level of locally generated rural housing need would present a range of potential adverse environmental effects (consistent with those detailed under Section 7.3) which would have to be mitigated – with applications assessed having regard to environmental issues including effluent treatment, visual impact and design. Environmental sensitivities relevant to the general LAP area include:
Ecological designations (seven proposed Natural Heritage Areas - Drum Bridge, Tawnytaskin Wood, Drumman's Island, Hog's Island, Corrigeenroe Marsh, Lough Drumharlow, Fin Lough - occur within/adjacent to the LAP boundary); Habitats (including Lough Key, a number of streams, woodland, lands occupied by agriculture with areas of natural vegetation and transitional woodland scrub); Visual sensitivities (the LAP area is within a Landscape Character Area identified by the Council as being of Exceptional Value and containing a number of views which are protected under the Plan); Water services (not all areas are served by the public system but there is limited, available capacity in the system for Cootehall); Cultural Heritage (including entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and entries to the Record of Protected Structures); Water quality (including the Lough Key, Oakport Lough, the Boyle River, the Rockingham Stream and underlying groundwater); and Sustainable mobility (the LAP area is a wide-spanning area, not served well by public transport).
Applying a moratorium on new multi-unit residential development in Cootehall and promoting the completion of existing unfinished developments and uptake of vacant residential units, would contribute towards the protection of the environment, including the rural character of the existing village’s surrounds which is of high scenic and tourist value. Other sensitivities which would be benefitted include:
Ecological designations (seven proposed Natural Heritage Areas - Drum Bridge, Tawnytaskin Wood, Drumman's Island, Hog's Island, Corrigeenroe Marsh, Lough Drumharlow, Fin Lough - occur nearby); Habitats in the environs (where agricultural activities occur); Water services (there is limited, available capacity in the system for Cootehall); Cultural Heritage (including entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and entries to the Record of Protected Structures); and Water quality (including the Boyle River, Lough Key, Oakport Lough and underlying groundwater).
The promotion of tourism in the Plan area (including the expansion of tourism infrastructure and the development of new tourism initiatives), and in Lough Key Forest Park in particular, would present a range of potential adverse environmental effects which would have to be mitigated. Potential effects would be consistent with those detailed under Section 7.3 and would include those relating to woodland and lake-side vegetation, the status of the waters in Lough Key and visual impact from the lake, lakeshore and Rockingham Demesne. The focus of tourism development in Lough Key Forest Park would help to facilitate this mitigation by avoidance and reduction as follows:
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 72 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
The area has sufficient infrastructure in place to facilitate further development, including sewerage disposal via a pumping station to the existing public sewerage treatment plant and drinking water provision; The area is screened from the N4 by existing vegetation, although visible from the shores of Lough Key; The western portion of the area could facilitate a large scale development, with limited loss of existing vegetation along the lake shores; Development of the area would be likely to contribute towards the regeneration of structures of architectural merit; and Potential exists for the further promotion of linkages between Forest Park and Boyle, through the provision of designated walking and cycling lanes.
Table 7.4 Comparative Evaluation of Alternative Development Strategies
Improves Improves Least Most Probable No Alternative status of status of Potential Potential Conflict with significant Development SEOs the SEOs Conflict with Conflict with status of SEOs- interaction Strategy Most Somewhat status of SEOs status of SEOs unlikely to be with status of - likely to be - likely to be mitigated SEOs mitigated mitigated Alternative B1 B2 B3 B1 B2 B3 Development PHH1 S1 W1 PHH1 S1 W1 Strategy 1 W2 W3 M1 W2 W3 M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 CH2 L1 CH1 CH2 L1 Alternative B1 B2 B3 B1 M3 B2 B3 PHH1 Development PHH1 S1 W1 S1 W1 W2 W3 Strategy 2 W2 W3 M1 M1 M2 C1 CH1 M2 M3 C1 CH2 L1 CH1 CH2 L1 Alternative B1 B2 B3 B1 B2 B3 Development PHH1 S1 W1 PHH1 S1 W1 Strategy 3 W2 W3 M1 W2 W3 M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 CH2 L1 CH1 CH2 L1
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 73 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Table 7.5 Planning Implications of Alternative Development Strategies
Alternative Development Strategy 1 Alternative Development Strategy 2 Alternative Development Strategy 3 Positive o Developments within the five conservation o Emphasis would be placed on enhancing o The continuation of the conservation zone Planning zones will be regulated and only applications the tourism infrastructure within the approach, with a reduced number of Implications deemed to meet the land use zoning plan area. zones (Zones 1, 1A, 2, 3 and 3A), with objectives and specific requirements as set appropriate policy controls in place for out in Chapter 9 (pg.161) of the Lough Key residential development within these LAP 2009-2015 will be permitted. zones. o Appropriate emphasis remains on enhancing o Increased opportunities to facilitate locally the tourism infrastructure within the Plan generated rural housing need. area. o Removal of site specific zoning restrictions in Cootehall, as well as the identification of a settlement boundary for it and the village nuclei of Knockvicar, will offer flexibility for landowners and developers for various forms of development, with proposals now being primarily assessed on planning merits and site specific circumstances. o Greater clarity regarding acceptable development within the conservation zones will aid the development management process. o Ensuring that tourism development remains a primary objective of the Lough Key Area will encourage new tourism initiatives in the area to grow and develop. Negative o Unsustainable residential expansion of o Removing the conservation zones in o No negative implications identified. Planning Cootehall may result in a further loss of the place within the Lough Key Plan Implications rural character of this village. boundary could lead to a proliferation of o Facilitation of multi-unit housing one-off houses on the lands surrounding developments would contravene housing Lough Key. This in turn would lead to a policies set out in the RCDP 2014-2020. loss of the unspoilt character of these o Development of all new residential lands unique lands of high scenic and tourist would lead to a proliferation of dwellings, value. many of which may be likely to struggle to o Continuation of zoning in Cootehall secure permanent occupancy. provides opportunity for further large o Lack of clarity in relation to residential scale residential development and development within various conservation removes flexibility for development zones (for example zones 1A, 1B, 2A and within the village. 2B). In the absence of clarity on acceptable o Facilitation of multi-unit housing forms of development within each zone, the developments would contravene the development management process may be housing policies set out in the RCDP undermined. 2014-2020. CAAS for Roscommon County Council 74 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
7.5 The Selected Alternative
The Alternative Development Strategy for the Plan which emerged from the planning/SEA process is Strategy 3.
This strategy has been developed by the Planning Team, placed on public display as the Draft Plan and adopted by the Council having regard to both:
1. The environmental effects which were identified by the SEA and are detailed above; and 2. Planning - including social and economic - effects which also were considered by the Council.
Development Strategy 3 will benefit the Lough Key area the most, as it combines all the positive aspects of the other two strategies. It focuses on protecting the lands surrounding Lough Key from a proliferation of one-off dwellings which will spoil the amenity value of this area. It also adheres to the policy requirements of the County Development Plan regarding housings developments in Tier 4 settlements including Cootehall. Strategy 3 also places significant emphasis on promoting tourism in this area of North Roscommon, where it is considered that significant economic and social benefits could be derived from the expansion of tourism related developments in this region.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 75 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Section 8 Evaluation of Plan Provisions
8.1 Overall Findings
The overall findings are that:
The Council have integrated all recommendations arising from the SEA, Appropriate Assessment (AA) and Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) processes into the Plan (see Section 9 for details of these measures), facilitating compliance of the Plan with various European and National legislation and Guidelines relating to the protection of the environment and the achievement of sustainable development.;
Some Plan provisions would be likely to result in significant positive effects upon all of the environmental components (biodiversity, fauna, flora, population, human health, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, cultural heritage including architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape); and
Some Plan provisions would have the potential to result in significant negative environmental effects (these are described below) however these effects will be mitigated by the mitigation measures which have been integrated into the Plan (see Section 9).
8.2 Methodology
This section evaluates the provisions of the Plan. The description of the environmental baseline together with the maps provided in Section 4 of this report (including the Environmental Sensitivity Overlay Mapping) is used for this purpose. Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) identified in Section 5 and reproduced overleaf are also used.
The provisions of the Plan are evaluated using compatibility criteria (see Table 8.1 below) in order to determine how they would be likely to affect the status of the SEOs. The SEOs and the provisions of the Plan are arrayed against each other to identify which interactions - if any - would cause effects on specific components of the environment. Where the appraisal identifies a likely conflict with the status of an SEO the relevant SEO code is entered into the conflict column - e.g. B1 which stands for the SEO likely to be affected - in this instance ‘to ensure compliance with the Habitats and Birds Directives with regard to the protection of Natura 2000 Sites and Annexed habitats and species35’.
The interactions identified are reflective of likely significant environmental effects36;
1. Interactions that would be likely to improve the status of a particular SEO would be likely to result in a significant positive effect on the environmental component to which the SEO relates. 2. Interactions that would probably conflict with the status of an SEO and would be unlikely to be mitigated would be likely to result in a significant negative effect on the environmental component to which the SEO relates. 3. Interactions that would potentially conflict with the status of an SEO and would be likely to be mitigated would be likely to result in potential significant negative effects however these effects would be likely to be mitigated by measures which have been integrated into the Plan.
The degree of significance of effects occurring cannot be fully determined at this level of decision making due to the lack of exact detail available with regard to the type or scale of development that will be permitted under the Plan.
35 ‘Annexed habitats and species’ refers to those listed under Annex I, II & IV of the EU Habitats Directive and Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. 36 These effects include secondary, cumulative, synergistic, short, medium and long-term permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects.
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Mitigation measures to prevent or reduce significant adverse effects posed by the Plan are identified in Section 9 - these have been integrated into the Plan.
Table 8.1 Criteria for appraising the effect of Plan provisions on SEOs
Likely to Improve status of Probable Conflict with Potential Conflict with No Likely interaction with SEOs status of SEOs- unlikely to be status of SEOs- likely to be status of SEOs mitigated mitigated
Table 8.2 Strategic Environmental Objectives38
SEO SEO Code B1 To ensure compliance with the Habitats and Birds Directives with regard to the protection of Natura 2000 Sites and Annexed habitats and species37 B2 To ensure compliance with Article 10 of the Habitats Directive with regard to the management of features of the landscape which - by virtue of their linear and continuous structure or their function act as stepping stones - are of significant importance for wild fauna and flora and/or essential for the migration, dispersal and genetic exchange of wild species B3 To avoid significant impacts on relevant habitats, species, environmental features or other sustaining resources in designated sites including Wildlife Sites and to ensure compliance with the Wildlife Acts 1976-2010 with regard to the protection of species listed on Schedule 5 of the principal Act PHH1 To protect populations and human health from exposure to incompatible landuses S1 To avoid damage to the hydrogeological and ecological function of the soil resource W1 To maintain and improve, where possible, the quality and status of surface waters W2 To prevent pollution and contamination of ground water W3 To comply as appropriate with the provisions of the Planning System and Flood Risk Management: Guidelines for Planning Authorities (DEHLG, 2009) M1 To serve new development with adequate and appropriate waste water treatment M2 To serve new development with adequate drinking water that is both wholesome and clean M3 To reduce waste volumes, minimise waste to landfill and increase recycling and reuse. C1 To reduce travel related emissions to air and to encourage modal change from car to more sustainable forms of transport CH1 To protect archaeological heritage including entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and/or their context CH2 To protect architectural heritage including entries to the Record of Protected Structures and their context L1 To avoid significant adverse impacts on the landscape - especially with regard to landscapes which are most valuable and Scenic Routes and Scenic Views
8.3 Appropriate Assessment and Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
A Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment (AA) and a Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) have both been undertaken alongside the preparation of the Plan.
37 ‘Annexed habitats and species’ refer to those listed under Annex I, II & IV of the EU Habitats Directive and Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. 38 See Section 1.1 for a description of Strategic Environmental Objectives.
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The requirement for AA is provided under the EU Habitats Directive (Directive 1992/43/EEC). The requirement for SFRA is provided under ‘The Planning System and Flood Risk Management Guidelines for Planning Authorities’ (DEHLG and OPW, 2009).
The AA concluded that the Plan will not affect the integrity of the Natura 2000 network39 and the SFRA has facilitated the integration of flood risk management considerations into the Plan.
The preparation of the Plan, SEA, AA and SFRA has taken place concurrently and the findings of the AA and SFRA have informed both the Plan and the SEA. All recommendations made by the AA and SEA were integrated into the Plan.
8.4 Potential Adverse Effects and their Determination
Environmental impacts which occur, if any, will be determined by the nature and extent of multiple or individual projects and site specific environmental factors.
Avoidance of conflict with SEOs and the environment is dependent upon compliance with the mitigation measures which have emerged through the SEA, AA and SFRA processes and which have been integrated into the Plan. The potentially significant adverse environmental effects arising from implementation of the Plan are detailed on Table 8.3 below.
Environmental Component Likely Significant Effect, if unmitigated Biodiversity and Flora and Fauna o Loss of biodiversity with regard to designated biodiversity and flora and fauna (including Natura 2000 Sites, proposed Natural Heritage Areas and including Drum Bridge, Tawnytaskin Annexed habitats and species), ecological connectivity and stepping Wood, Drumman's Island, Hog's stones and non-designated biodiversity and flora and fauna (see baseline Island, Corrigeenroe Marsh, Lough Section 4.2) Drumharlow, Fin Lough proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHAs)
Population and Human Health o Spatially concentrated deterioration in human health (see baseline Section 4.3) Soil o Adverse impacts on the hydrogeological and ecological function of the soil resource (see baseline Section 4.4) (especially soil on greenfield lands and overlying inner source protection area)
Water o Adverse impacts upon the status of water bodies arising from changes in quality, flow and/or morphology (see baseline Sections 4.5) (including the Lough Key, Oakport o Increase in flood risk (see baseline Section 4.5.6) Lough, the Rockingham Stream and underlying groundwater)
Material Assets o Failure to provide adequate and appropriate waste water treatment (see baseline Section 4.7.1) (it is the function of Irish Water to o Failure to comply with drinking water regulations and serve new provide for water services needs) development with adequate drinking water that is both wholesome and clean (see baseline Section 4.7.1) o Increases in waste levels (see baseline Section 4.7.2) Air and Climatic Factors o Failure to contribute towards sustainable transport and associated impacts (energy usage and emissions to air including noise and greenhouse gases) (see baseline Section 4.6) Cultural Heritage o Effects on entries to the Record of Monuments and Places and other archaeological heritage (see baseline Section 4.8.2) o Effects on entries to the Records of Protected Structures and other architectural heritage (see baseline Section 4.8.3) Landscape o Occurrence of adverse visual impacts (see baseline Section 4.9)
Table 8.3 Potential Adverse Effects
39 Except as provided for in Section 6(4) of the Habitats Directive, viz. There must be: (a) no alternative solution available; (b) imperative reasons of overriding public interest for the plan to proceed; and (c) adequate compensatory measures in place.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 78 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 8.5 Interrelationship between Environmental Components
The SEA Directive requires the Environmental Report to include information on the likely significant effects on the environment, including on issues such as biodiversity, fauna, flora, population, human health, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, cultural heritage including architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and the interrelationship between the above factors.
Likely significant effects on environmental components which are identified include those which are interrelated; implementation of the Plan will not affect the interrelationships between these components. The presence of significant interrelationships between environmental components is identified on Table 8.4.
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Table 8.4 Presence of Interrelationships between Environmental Components
Component Biodiversity, Population Soil Water Air and Material Cultural Landscape flora and and human Climatic assets heritage fauna health factors Biodiversity, No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes flora and fauna Population Yes Yes Yes Yes No No and human health Soil Yes No Yes No No
Water No Yes No No
Air and Yes No No Climatic factors Material Yes Yes assets
Cultural Yes heritage
Landscape
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8.6 Cumulative Effects
Cumulative effects are one of the types of effects which have been considered in the assessment of the Plan provisions. Cumulative effects can be described as the addition of many small impacts to create one larger, more significant, impact.
There are 2 types of potential cumulative effects that have been considered, namely:
Potential intra-Plan cumulative effects - these arise from the interactions between different types of potential environmental effects resulting from a Plan; and,
Potential inter-Plan cumulative effects - these arise when the effects of the implementation of one plan occur in combination with those of other plans or developments.
A variety of potential intra-Plan cumulative environmental effects occur when considering the implementation of the Plan provisions. The interrelationships between environmental components that determine these potential effects are identified on Table 8.4 e.g. interrelationships between: human health and water quality; human health and air quality; and human health and flood risk.
With regard to potential inter-Plan cumulative environmental effects, these occur as a result of the combination of: potential environmental effects which are identified by the assessment as arising from Plan provisions; and the effects arising from other plans or developments. Other Plans and developments which have been considered by the assessment of environmental effects include those which are detailed under Section 2.5 and those which are detailed throughout Section 4 and Section 5.
The assessment of the likely inter-Plan cumulative environmental effects requires knowledge of the likely effects of all plans/developments under consideration. The assessment is limited in certain instances as there has been limited assessment of the likely types of developments provided for by other policies, plans and programmes that could occur in combination with the implementation of the LAP. Taking into account available information, the key potential inter-Plan cumulative environmental effects that are included in the assessment relate to effects upon the status of surface and ground waters and associated interactions (in combination with, inter alia, the Regional Planning Guidelines for the West, the Development Plans including the Roscommon County Development Plan, Local Area Plans including the Lough Key Local Area Plan, when adopted, and the Western and Shannon International River Basin Management Plans), such as those related to ecology and drinking water resources, and potential effects upon the landscape. Other potential inter-Plan cumulative environmental effects include those occurring on various environmental components within surrounding areas where the Roscommon County Development Plan is in force including the potential cumulative visual impact of development at the interface between the LAP boundary and the surrounding area of the County which is subject to the provisions of the County Development Plan.
Effects that may arise as a result of implementing the Plan have been mitigated to the extent that the only residual effects likely to occur as a result of implementation of the Plan are those which are identified under Section 8.7.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 81 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 8.7 Residual Adverse Effects
Section 9 outlines the measures that have mitigated and will mitigate the potential negative effects that are detailed above. Residual adverse effects likely to occur - considering the extent of detail provided by the Plan and assuming that all mitigation measures are complied with by development - are identified for each of the environmental components on Table 8.5 below.
Table 8.5 Residual Adverse Effects
Environmental Component Residual Adverse Effects Biodiversity and Flora and Loss of an extent of non-protected habitats arising from the Fauna replacement of semi-natural land covers with artificial surfaces Population and Human Health None Soil Loss of an extent of soil function arising from the replacement of semi-natural land covers with artificial surfaces Water Flood related risks remain due to uncertainty with regard to extreme weather events Air and Climatic Factors None Material Assets Residual wastes to be disposed of Architectural Heritage Potential alteration to the context and setting of architectural heritage (Protected Structures) however these will occur in compliance with legislation Archaeological Heritage Potential alteration to the context and setting of archaeological heritage (Recorded Monuments) however this will occur in compliance with legislation Potential loss of unknown archaeology however this loss will be mitigated by measures integrated into the Plan Landscape Designations40 None
40 The Plan contributes towards the protection of landscape designations. The landscapes in the Plan area will change overtime as a result of natural changes in vegetation cover combined with new developments.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 82 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
8.8 Detailed Evaluation
8.8.1 Chapter 5 Vision and Development Strategy & Chapter 6 Land Use Zoning and Matrix
Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction with SEOs - unlikely to likely to be status of SEOs be mitigated mitigated Vision Ensure that the Lough Key area continues to be regarded as a key strategic tourism resource in Count Roscommon. B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 The lake, park surrounding woodlands, combined with its proximity to key urban centres provide the opportunity to S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 promote this area as a significant tourism asset in the west of Ireland. Lough Key Forest Park continues to grow and M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 expand its range of tourist activities and the Council will continue to support this growth. CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1
The vision for the Plan Area is to promote further development of recreation and tourism based enterprises to serve both as an economic and social resource for the local community and visitors alike.
This highly scenic area is much sought after for residential development. The Council recognises this and aims to ensure that residential development within the Plan area is facilitated in a manner which ensures that the natural, scenic and environmental sensitivities of this area are not compromised. Strategic Aims The following are the Strategic Aims for the Lough Key Plan area: B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 1. Promote economic development and employment through the further enhancement of a strong tourism base S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 within the Plan area. Encourage and facilitate the development of the tourism industry through sustainable M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 means, including the conservation, protection and enhancement of the built and natural heritage, the protection CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 of sensitive landscapes, and the enhancement of cultural and community facilities in order to maximise the economic benefits arising from the tourism industry. 2. Enhance the quality of the natural and built environment and conserve the visual amenity of the LAP area. 3. Utilise the surrounding natural environment and natural resources, to the benefit of the area in a positive way. 4. Promote sustainable community development within the established settlements of Cootehall and Knockvicar by supporting the appropriate levels of services to support existing and future populations. 5. Promote the development of social and recreational facilities within the settlements of Cootehall and Knockvicar. 6. Encourage the redevelopment and reuse of vacant and derelict residential and commercial buildings, both within the settlements and the rural environs of the plan area, as a viable alternative to new build developments on Greenfield sites. 7. Protect and safeguard groundwater supplies and ensure that they are not compromised by commercial, agricultural, domestic or other activities, particularly in non-serviced areas outside the town boundary. 8. Ensure that the appropriate level of services and infrastructure is available to support the existing and future population in terms of wastewater disposal, water supply and surface water disposal. 9. Promote an enhanced quality of life for all, based on high quality sustainable residential, working and recreational environments, infrastructural and transportation networks, with the use of alternative energy in a sustainable and harmonious way.
The Council is committed to delivering this vision for the Lough Key area through working in partnership with the local community and local organisations, and through promoting the policies and objectives contained in this, and future, LAPs.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 83 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction with SEOs - unlikely to likely to be status of SEOs be mitigated mitigated Land Use Zoning and Matrix Land Use Zoning Objectives, Matrix & Map as detailed in Chapter 6 of the Plan B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Development Objectives The following are the Development Objectives for Lough Key LAP: B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Objective 1 S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 Promote and facilitate a sustainable tourism industry in the Lough Key Plan area. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Objective 2 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Protect the natural environment and scenic quality of the lands surrounding Lough Key by facilitating only those developments which satisfy specific development criteria. Objective 2 Generate increased linkages between Lough Key Forest Park and Boyle for the mutual benefit of both areas. Objective 3 Increase the range of community and commercial facilities in Cootehall to serve the local community and visitors to the area. Commentary:
The evaluation against Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) provided for the Plan’s high-level Vision, Strategic Aims, Lan Development Strategy alternative and is consistent with the evaluation of this Strategy which is detailed in Section 7.
8.8.2 Chapter 7 Policies and Objectives
Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Policies in relation to Roads and Transportation Policy 1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Ensure adequate provision of pedestrian paths and cycle tracks, as required, to serve the main routes in the area to S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 facilitate safe and convenient access. M1 M2d UseM3 ZonesC1 (see Figure 6.3) and DeveloM2 M3 C1 CH1 Policy 2 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Require all development proposals in the area to fulfil traffic safety and car parking requirements. Policy 3 Facilitate efforts to restore the original links/routes between Boyle and Lough Key Forest Park. Policy 4 pment Objectives reflects the selected Continue to support and encourage the expansion of Rural Transport Initiatives to expand their services within the Plan area. Policy 5 Assess all development proposals that access onto National routes in accordance with the policies set down in the Roscommon County Development Plan 2014-2020 and the provisions of the DECLG Spatial Planning and National Roads Guidelines (2012). CAAS for Roscommon County Council 84 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Policy 6 Ensure adequate circulation and parking facilities to serve developments in accordance with the minimum car parking standards set out under the development management guidelines and standards in Chapter 8 of the LAP and Chapter 9 of the RCDP 2014-2020. Policy 7 To encourage the use of electrically operated cars and bicycles and in line with Council and National Policy, non- residential developments shall provide facilities for battery operated cars to be recharged at a rate of 10% of the total car parking spaces (metered-fast charging 220-240V, 32A three phase). Objectives in relation to Roads and Transportation Objective 1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Investigate opportunities for the widening of access along the public road to the Doon Shore amenity area. S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 Objective 2 M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Facilitate a cycle lane between Boyle and Lough Key Forest Park, via Abbeytown. CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Objective 3 Facilitate a pedestrian/cycle lane between Cootehall village and St. Michael’s and St. Patrick’s National School. Objective 4 Facilitate quality pavement and lay-by provision along road access linking Boyle to Lough Key Forest Park, and along the Knockvicar Road towards the Forest Park. Commentary:
These Roads and Transportation Po operation of transport infrastructure) and in components including ecology ( the measures which have been integrated in licies and Objectives will contribute towards These provisions will also contribute towards and support the ov B1 B2 B3 area will contribute towards sustainable developmentdirectly (from and facilitating benefi non-transport development) these provisions have the p ), soil function ( Policies in relation to Water Services Policy 8 to the Plan (see Section 9). B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 S1), the status of water bodies ( Development will only be permitted in instances where there is sufficient capacity insustainable the public mobility water and and wastewater minimise transportS1 W1 relaW2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 infrastructure. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Policy 9 Residual adverse effects would be likely to be non-signiCH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 In conjunction with Irish Water, continue the development and upgrading of the water supply so as to ensure an erall development of theW1 Lough Key LAP area, in line with the s adequate, sustainable supply of piped water for the Lough Key Area. ), flood risk ( cal effects upon the protection/management of all environmental Policy 10 Encourage and promote compliance with the Water Framework Directive 2000; Groundwater Source ProtectionW3 Zones ), cultural heritageted ( emissions ( document for the Roscommon Central Regional Water Supply Scheme (GSI, April 2003); the European Communities otential to result in significant adverse effects upon most environmental Environmental Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations 2009 (SI No. 272 of 2009); as well as any National and EU CH1 SEOs Regulations concerning water quality for the County. ficant (see CH2Table 8.5). C1 PHH1 Policy 11 ) and the landscape ( ). Directly (from the development and Encourage the use of rainwater harvesting systems on suitable sites within the LAP area. elected alternative strategy – see Section 7. This overall development of the Policy 12 Protect surface water and groundwater resources and their associated habitats and species including fisheries and in components. L1). Such effects would be mitigated by particular Annex II listed species.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 85 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Objectives in relation to Water Services Objective 5 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Implement the European Communities (Drinking Water) Regulations (No. 2) 2007 and ensure, in conjunction with Irish S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 Water, that water supplies comply with the 48 parameters identified in these Regulations, in co-operation with Irish M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Water. CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Objective 6 Implement the relevant recommendations contained within the River Basin Management Plans for the Shannon International River Basin District and the Western River Basin District, and associated Programmes of Measures, in order to facilitate the implementation of the Water Framework Directive, in co-operation with Irish Water. Proposals for development shall not have an unacceptable impact on the water environment, including surface waters, groundwater quality and quantity, river corridors and associated woodlands. Cognisance shall also be had to, where relevant, the EU’s Common Implementation Strategy Guidance Document No. 20 which provides guidance on exemptions to the environmental objectives of the Water Framework Directive. Objective 7 Facilitate the implementation of water conservation projects, which reduce consumption and leakage in existing water distribution systems, in co-operation with Irish Water. Objective 8 The Council, in conjunction with Irish Water, shall have regard to the EPA (2015) publication The Provision and Quality of Drinking Water in Ireland - A Report for the Year 2014 (and any subsequent update) in the establishment and maintenance of water sources in the county. Objective 9 Thecontributed Council, towardsin conjunction including: with Irish Water, shall undertake recommendations made by the EPA arising from any failure to meet drinking water standards and any enlistment on the EPA’s Remedial Action List. Objective 10 All proposals for the development of an upgrade to the water supply system will be screened for Appropriate Assessment in accordance with Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive and where significant impacts are identified, a Natura Impact Statement will be prepared. Commentary:
These policies and objectives relate to th
SEO M1 By protecting water resources ( ) and providing safe drinking water ( Human health ( Biodiversity, flora and fauna ( e provision of water services (which encomp The status of watersSEO PHH1( SEOs W1 W2 Flood risk management ( ); SEO M2
Soil ( ), appropriately treating waste water ( ) the protection of various environmental components would be There would SEObe potential S1 for SEOssignificant W1SEOs W2adverse B1 B2 environmB3 ). construction. SEOs W3 PHH1 ); ); asses the operation, upgrading and constru Such potential significant adverse effect ); and
Outflow could conflict with various components ( Abstracting water could conflict with various components ( Potential adverse effects would be mitigated by measures which ha ental effects upon various environmental components ( ction of infrastructure) and the protection of water resources. s could also arise du CAAS for Roscommon County Council 86 SEOs ringW1 operation:W2 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 S1 M2
SEOs W1 W2 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 S1 SEOs B1 B2 B3 PHH1 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 M2 M3 CH1 CH2 L1 ve been integrated into the Plan (see Section 9), resulting in ); and
).
only residual adverse effects which would be likely to be non-significant (see ) to arise during SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Table 8.5)).
These provisions will also contribute towards and support the ov area will contribute towards sustainable development and benefi
Policies in relation to Wastewater Collection and Treatment Policy 13 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Ensure, in conjunction with Irish Water, the continued provision of an adequate wastewater collection, treatment and S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 disposal system for Cootehall Village to serve existing and future populations in accordance with the Water Framework M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Directive 2000, and EU Urban Wastewater Directive and in accordance with the EPA Discharge Licence. CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Policy 14 erall development of the Lough Key LAP area, in line with the s Support the protection of groundwater resources and dependent wildlife/habitatscal effects upon in the accordance protection/m with the Groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC and the European Communities Environmental Objectives (groundwater) Regulations, 2010 (S.I. No. 9 of 2010) or any updated legislation. Policy 15 Ensure that all new developments have and are provided with satisfactory drainage systems in theanagement interests of of public all environmental health and to avoid the pollution of the ground and surface waters. Objectives in relation to Wastewater Collection and Treatment Objective 11 B1 B2 B3elected PHH1 alternative strategy – see SectionB1 B2 7. ThisB3 PHH1overall development of the RCC shall adopt the following approach when considering development applications: S1 W1 W2components. W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 Reduce the use of multiple private pumping stations. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Where technically feasible and economically viable, existing and future pumping stations should come under CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 the control of RCC and IW. Pumping arrangements shall be designed in a sustainable manner. Development shall be phased in such a way as to only allow areas that can connect into the sewerage network directly by gravity to be developed. Objective 12 In conjunction with Irish Water, implement relevant recommendations set out in the EPA (2014) publication Focus on Urban Waste Water Discharges in Ireland 2013 (and any subsequent update). Objective 13 Comply with the relevant provisions of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations 2001 and 2004 and the Waste Water Discharge (Authorisation) Regulations 2007. Objective 14 Any proposals for the development of an upgrade of the waste water treatment plant and waste water network will be subject to Appropriate Assessment in accordance with Article 6(3) and 6 (4) of the EU Habitats Directive. Commentary:
See Commentary relating to Water Services above.
Policies in relation to Flood Risk & Protection Policy 16 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 C1 Support, in co-operation with the OPW, the implementation of the EU Flood Risk Directive (2007/60/EC), the Flood S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M2 Risk Regulations (SI No. 122 of 2010), the DEHLG (now the DECLG) and OPW Guidelines for Planning Authorities, The M1 M2 M3 CH1 M3 CH1 CH2 L1 Planning System and Flood Risk Management (Nov 2009), Departmental Circular PL2/2014, updated/superseding CH2 L1 legislation or Departmental Guidelines and any future outputs from the Shannon International Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management (CFRAM) Programme, once finalised.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 87 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Policy 17 Protect water bodies and watercourses from inappropriate development, including rivers, streams, associated undeveloped riparian strips, wetlands and natural floodplains. This will include protection buffers in riverine and wetland areas as appropriate. Promote the sustainable management and uses of water bodies and avoid, where possible, culverting or realignment of these features. Policy 18 Ensure that site specific Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) accompanies all planning applications in areas at risk of flooding. Policy 19 Require all new large scale developments to provide ‘Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems’ (SUDS) as part of their development proposals. Policy 20 Ensure that existing wetland habitats are adequately protected, managed and where appropriate enhanced where flood protection/management measures are necessary. Policy 21 Ensure that all proposals associated with the alleviation of flooding are subject to Appropriate Assessment in accordance with Article 6(3) and 6 (4) of the EU Habitats Directive. Objectives in relation to Flood Risk & Protection Objective 15 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 C1 Within the Lough Key LAP area, Roscommon County Council shall: S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M2 avoid inappropriate development in areas at risk of flooding; M1 M2 M3 CH1 M3 CH1 CH2 L1 avoid new developments increasing flood risk elsewhere, including that which may arise from surface run- CH2 L1 off; ensure effective management of residual risks for development permitted in floodplains; improve the understanding of flood risk amongst relevant stakeholders; ensure that the requirements of EU and national law in relation to the natural environment and nature conservation are complied with at all stages of flood risk management. Commentary:
These provisions are primarily concerned with follows:
The protection of human health from flood risk ( The protection of biodiversity, flora and fauna and cultural heritage ( The protection of existing in Flood risk management infrastructure (if ev flood risk management and have been inte components ( rivers and streams. Potential adversefrastructure effects would and services be mitigated ( bo SEOs B1 B2 B3 PHH1 S1 W1 SEOs PHH1 W3
Policy 19 provides for sustainable urban drainageer required systems in wh the LAP area) has); the potent grated into the Plan through both the SEA SEOs M1 M2 M3 SEOs B1 B2 B3 CH1 CH2 Policies in relation to Waste Management W2 W3 M2 M3 CH1 CH2 L1 Policy 22 ) with resultant protection of the status B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Encourage waste reduction and recycling in accordance with the National Environmental Awareness Campaign. S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 Policy 23 ); and M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 th by measures). These which ialtypes to have resultof infrastructure been in significant integrated are adverse ofteninto theconstructed envi Plan (see in and ecolog SFRA processes. They would be Promote the increased re-use and recycling of materials from waste sources and co-operate with local retailers and CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 residents’ associations in managing collection points for recycling goods. ich would benefit a variety of environmental components ( of waters and soils during flood events ( CAAS for Roscommon County Council 88
ronmental effects during construction and operationnefit environmental on most environmental components as
Section 9) and by measures arisingSEOs from lower tier assessments. ically and visually sensitive W1areas W2 and S1 adjacent to the banks o SEOs W1 W2 W3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 S1 M1 M2 ).
). f SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Policy 24 Ensure that all new developments, particularly those including apartments, have adequate provision for management of waste, which includes sufficient receptacles for occupiers. Policy 25 Ensure that all new developments, including recreation, leisure and tourism facilities, have adequate provision for management of waste, which includes sufficient receptacles for facility users and adequate provision of recycling facilities at designated areas, designed to a high standard. Objectives in relation to Waste Management Objective 16 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Work with and assist local community groups and schools in litter prevention and control, and support related S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 community based initiatives. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Objective 17 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Facilitate the increase, upgrade and maintenance of waste management facilities in the area, including bring banks and litter bins, particularly in Cootehall and Knockvicar. Objective 18 Developments shall ensure that adequate soil protection measures are undertaken where appropriate. Require the undertaking of appropriate investigations to determine the nature and extent of any soil and/or groundwater contamination and the risks associated with site development work, where Brownfield development is to occur within the Plan area. Commentary:
These policies and objectives provide for reduction of waste levels ( integrated into the Plan and wa
These provisions will alsoSEO contribute M3 towards and support the ov
area will contribute towards sustainable) at thewaste samedevelopment management. time as andpresenting benefi The implementation potential conflicts of thwith various environmental components. These conflicts would be mitigated ste plans etc. The provision of Policy in relation to Energy Supply Policy 26 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Safeguard any strategic energy infrastructure corridors which become evident, from encroachment by other S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 developments which may compromise their provision in the future. waste management facilities ( M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Policy 27 ese provisions, including the constructionCH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Support the development of appropriate energy conservation initiatives.erall development of the Lough Key LAP area, in line with the s Objectives in relation to Energy Supply cal effects upon the protection/managementSEO M3 of all environmental Objective 19 ) in certain locationsB1 could B2 reduceB3 PHH1 transport related emissions ( B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Co-operate and liaise with statutory and non-statutory providers in order to facilitate energy infrastructure provision, S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 including the development of renewable energy sources at suitable locations. M1 M2 M3and C1 operation of waste managementM2 M3infrastructure, C1 CH1 would facilitate the Objective 20 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Work in collaboration with Gas Networks Ireland, the Commission for Energy Regulation (CER) and other statutory bodies in the event that a gas distribution grid is proposed within the LAP area. Commentary: elected alternative strategy – see Section 7. This overall development of the components. by, inter alia, measures which have been These provisions facilitate energy related SEOs C1 PHH1 renewable sources and reducing greenhouse gas both by measures which have been integrated ). CAAS for Roscommon County Council 89 development and would contribute towards ac
emissions. Such development has, however, into the Plan (see Section 9) and by me
hieving various government objectives inc asures arisingthe potential from lower to impact tier assessments. upon various en
luding those relating to the amount of energy to be consumed from vironmental components. Potential adverse effects would be mitigated SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs
These provisions will also contribute towards and support the ov area will contribute towards sustainable development and benefi
Further general commentary on the types of potential effects ar
Wind Energy Positive Effects: Potential Negative Effects, if unmitigated: Potential impacts include those associated with constructionerall and development of the Lough Key LAP area, in line with the s Contribution towards renewable energy an Potential human health impact: shadow flicker, noise, cal effects upon the protection/management of all environmental Potential impact upon designated and non-designated Potential interactions leading to change in struct ising from different renewable energies is provided below. Potential impacts on water status during construction - this could interact with drinking water sources and biodiversity Potential impacts upon the context of protected archaeological an Potential impacts upon traffic during construction due tod transportationminimisation of of greenhouse turbine components gases targets Changes to the character of areas would be and impacts arising from bog bursts and landslides relevant areas and any cumulative effe operation of the turbines and an elected alternative strategy – see Section 7. This overall development of the ure of biodiversitysoil and geology and flora and changesand fauna to including drainage birdlife Hydropower components. Positive Effects: Potential Negative Effects, if unmitigated: Contribution towards renewable energy an cillary facilities and infrast Depending on the scale and location of ctthe arising developmentlikely from to multipleoccur there however iswind potentiald architectural farms visual for impacts impacts heritage woul to occur- including on biodiversity, the context in of particular this herit a Potential to impact upon the morphological, biological and chemical status of waters - this could interact with drinking water Potential interactions leading to change in structure of soil and geology ructure (including roads and electrical infrastructure) Operation could impact upon flood risk elsewhere Potential impacts upon archaeological heritage or d minimisation of greenhouse gases targets Changes to the character of locations may oc d depend on various factors including the area Bio-Energy age - as well as unknown Positive Effects: Potential Negative Effects, if unmitigated: Contribution towards renewable energy nearby and architectural heritage, including context Potential impact upon designated and non-designatedcur however biodiversity visual impacts would depend up size, number andarchaeological spacing of thheritage Changes in farming practices may lead to ch biodiversity Potential human health impact: odour Potential impacts upon traffic during operation due to transportation of fuel to plants e turbines, perception of the quatic biodiversity Fuels derived from bio-mass still produce emissions howeverminimisation these are ofless greenhouse than those gases derived targets. from fossil fuels on, inter alia, the size of the installatsources (in freshwater) and biodiversity Changes to the land cover of areas could occur however visual anges in drainage and runoff which could impa Biomass plants may have visual impacts - these would depend on perception of the relevant area and noise from oper Solar Energy and Solar Thermal Energy and flora and fauna arising from changes in vegetation. Soil s Positive Effects: ion, ancillary facilities and the percep Potential Negative Effects, if unmitigated: ation of plants Can provide for the use of agricultural an Contribution towards re Potential impacts on architectural heritage - including the context of this heritage - at micro ctscale upon biological and chemical status Potential impacts on habitats and species and micro scale impacts would depend on perception of the relevant area; newable energy targets tion and visibility of the relevant CAAS for Roscommon County Council 90 tructure may dalso other be wastesimpacted upon. of waters - - this could interact
with drinking water sources and SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Large scale installations may have visual impacts - these would de Geothermal Energy Positive Effects: Potential Negative Effects, if unmitigated: Contribution towards renewable energy targets Potential impacts upon the status of waters and ecology contained within, especially arising from changes in the temperature of the aquifer and any dependent surface waters - th Potential interactions leading to change in structure of soil and geology Potential impacts upon archaeology, including unknown undergroundpend archaeology on perception of the rele Potential impacts upon on site water services Potential impacts upon context of arch Large scale installations may have visual impacts - thes
vant area -, however these are is could interact with drinking water sources Policies in relation to Telecommunications Infrastructure Policy 28 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 aeological and architectu Support enhanced coverage, further co-ordinated and focused development, and the extension of telecommunications S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 infrastructure including broadband connectivity within the LAP area. M1 M2 M3 C1 unlikely to be provided for M2 M3 C1 CH1 Policy 29 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Have regard to Government guidelines on telecommunications infrastructure,e would raldepend heritage including on perceptionarising Telecommunications from of the relevant Antennae area and Support Structures–Guidelines for Planning Authorities (DEHLG , 1996) and any subsequent revisions, as well as the Landscape Character Assessment contained within the RCDP 2014-2020. Policy 30 surface installation groundwater which can impact upon the structure and ecology of Promote an integrated approach within the LAP area with service providers and appropriate bodies in the creation of a modern telecommunications infrastructure. Policy 31 Support new schemes for the provision of high speed, high quality broadband including the Government’s Next Generation Broadband, the National Broadband Scheme, and Broadband for Schools. Objectives in relation to Telecommunications Infrastructure Objective 21 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Encourage the provision of broadband, including the provision of electronic courtyards, within developments. S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 Objective 22 M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Facilitate and encourage shared access for service providers to erect antennae for line of sight broadband access. CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Commentary:
The development of telecommunications has the potential to impact upon various environmental components. References to visual a
These provisions will also contribute towards and support the ov area will contribute towards sustainable development and benefi
Policies relating to Social and Community Services and Facilities Policy 32 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Facilitate the provision of a range of social, recreational and community facilities to meet the needs of all of the S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 residents within the Plan area. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Policy 33 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Ensure that social inclusion is an integral part of the design and eralldelivery development of all the Council’sof the Lough programmes Key LAP area,and services, in line with the s and ensure effectiveness and efficiency in its delivery. cal effects upon the protection/management of all environmental
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 91
menity and public health im elected alternative strategy – see Section 7. This overall development of the components. proves the status of SEOs. SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Policy 34 Support the multi-functional use of social and community facilities, and provision of buildings and opportunities to maximise the use of existing physical resources/infrastructure within the LAP area. Objectives relating to Social and Community Services and Facilities Objective 23 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Support the delivery of a full range of social and community facilities to meet the needs of residents in the Plan area. S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 Objective 24 M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Encourage the development of community and educational facilities on appropriate sites. CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Objective 25 Support the development of outdoor play areas and recreational areas, subject to funding. Objective 26 Liaise with the appropriate health authorities in order to facilitate the accommodation of healthcare functions at suitable locations within the LAP area. Commentary:
By providing for the development of social, development), these provisions would potentially conflict would be mitigated by measures which have been integrated into
These provisions will also contribute towards and support the ov area will contribute towards sustainable development recreational and and benefi community facilities Policies relating to Recreation, Leisure and Tourism Policy 35 with the full range of B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Improve existing local authority recreation and amenity facilities in addition to providing new facilities, where S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 appropriate, as funding and resources permit. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 the Plan (see Section (which 7), resultincould encompass new built develo Policy 36 environmental components ( CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Facilitate the development of appropriate new private and public recreation,erall development leisure ofan thed tourism Lough Keyinfrastructure LAP area, andin line with the s facilities and ensure access for all groups of the community. cal effects upon the protection/m Policy 37 g in only SEOsresidual B1 adverse B2 B3 PHH1eff S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 CH2 L1 Facilitate the development and expansion of existing and new walkways and cycleways in and around the Lough Key Plan area and in particular walking and cycle links between Boyle and Lough Key Forest Park. pment and the construction and operation of infrastructure to service this Policy 38 anagement of all environmental Remove illegal signage and repair and replace existing signage on tourist routes and paths, where necessary and as ects which would be likely to be non-significant (see Table 8.5). resources permit. Policy 39 elected alternative strategy – see Section 7. This overall development of the Encourage and support the improvement of access, signage and tourist information services including integrated components. welcome, directional and interpretative signage. Policy 40 ). Potential adverse effects Preserve and enhance the existing public rights of way to recreational areas and heritage sites. Policy 41 Ensure that the facilitation of tourism related development does not impact negatively on the landscape, environmental quality, built and natural heritage of the Lough Key area.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 92 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Objectives relating to Recreation, Leisure and Tourism Objective 27 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Actively support the implementation of the Roscommon Tourism Strategy 2010-2014 and the recommendations S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 contained within the Lough Ree and Mid Shannon Tourism Study, 2010. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Objective 28 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Promote Lough Key as a key tourism resource of the county and engage with development and tourism bodies, including Fáilte Ireland to encourage the provision of further appropriate recreation and tourism infrastructure and tourist-oriented facilities in Lough Key Forest Park, Cootehall and Knockvicar. Objective 29 Support the development of an Integrated Sustainable Regional Tourism Strategy in consultation with relevant statutory/non-statutory bodies and local authorities. Objective 30 Implement, where finances permit, proposals to improve, maintain and establish new areas of amenity, tourism and recreation facilities. Objective 31 Support the formalisation of dedicated walking and cycling trails within the Plan area and support the development of established linkages between existing trails and between Boyle and Lough Key Forest Park. Objective 32 Endeavour to provide adequate access and signage facilities to all publicly owned heritage sites, where appropriate and as resources permit. Objective 33 Work with Fáilte Ireland, Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) and other bodies in developing standardised and branded signage for tourism facilities and tourist attractions in the County and in the Lough Key area. Objective 34 Engage with Fáilte Ireland, the Arts Council and other relevant bodies to promote and develop the arts and tourism sectors within the Plan area. Objective 35 Support other organisations, bodies and local groups that promote tourism and community development in the area, nationally and internationally. Objective 36 Identify and support a series of festivals and events that will attract visitors to the Lough Key area, generate tourism revenue and enhance the overall visitor experience. Objective 37 Support the development of artistic tourism throughout the County and within the LAP area including new festivals and other tourism and local community related events. Commentary:
By providing for the development of recrea development), these provisions would potentially conflict would be mitigated by measures which have been integrated into
These provisions will also contribute towards and support the
This overall development of the area will contribute towards sustainable development and benefical effects upon the protection/ tional, leisure and tourism facilities
with the full range of
the Plan (see Section (which 7), could resultin encompass new built development and the construction and operation of infrastructure to service this CAAS for Roscommon County Council environmental components ( 93 overall development of the Lough Key LAP area, including Lough Ke
g in only SEOsresidual B1 adverse B2 B3 PHH1eff S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 CH2 L1
ects which would be likely to be non-significant (see Table 8.5).
y Forest Park, in line with the selected management of all environmental components.
). Potential adverse effects
alternative strategy – see Section 7. SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Policies relating to Open Space and Sporting Provision Policy 42 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Facilitate the further development of multi-functional recreational spaces and facilities to serve all ages, particularly in S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 Cootehall and Lough Key Forest Park. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Policy 43 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Support the social, sporting and recreational needs of the local community by upgrading and maintaining existing facilities and facilitating the provision of new facilities as required. Policy 44 Ensure that the various conservation zones identified in the area are adequately protected and that any development in such areas responds appropriately to the sensitivities and significance of the zone. Objectives relating to Open Space and Sporting Provision Objective 38 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Support the implementation of the County Play Policy in providing for and facilitating play throughout the County. S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 Objective 39 M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Engage with community sporting bodies, private developers and relevant government agencies in facilitating and CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 supporting the development and delivery of sporting facilities in the community, within the lifetime of this Plan, via public private partnership. Commentary:
By providing for the development of open space and recreational and sporting facilities development), these provisions would potentially conflict would be mitigated by measures which have been integrated into
These provisions will also contribute towards and support the ov area will contribute towards sustainable development and benefi
Policies relating to Built Heritage Policy 45 with the full range of CH1 CH2 L1 B1 M1 M2 M3 C1 Identify, protect and conserve structures (i.e. includes conservation, preservation, and improvement compatible with B2 B3 S1 PHH1 maintaining the character and interest of the structure), or partsthe of Planstructures, (see Section which 7), are resultin of special architectural, W1 W2 W3 historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interestenvironmental or which (which are componentslisted could on encompass the ( Record new of built development and the construction and operation of infrastructure to service this Protected Structures. erall development of the Lough Key LAP area in line with the se Policy 46 cal effects upon the protection/m Protect and preserve the archaeological sites identified on the Record of Monuments and Places g(RMP), in only andSEOsresidual those B1 adverse B2 B3 effPHH1 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 CH2 L1 discovered since the publication of the Record of Monuments and Places (1998). Policy 47 Seek archaeological assessment and, where appropriate, excavation and testing, preservation by record or anagement of all environmental preservation in situ, in relation to all development proposals on which the archaeological heritage may be affected. ects which would be likely to be non-significant (see Table 8.5). Policy 48 Protect the integrity, quality and context of significant sites and recorded monuments. lected alternative strategy – see Section 7. This overall development of the Policy 49 components. Ensure that development proposals do not adversely affect the character of a protected structure or the setting of a protected structure, where the setting is considered to be of importance. ). Potential adverse effects Policy 50 Require that any alterations or interventions to protected structures are executed to the highest conservation standards in order to protect their significance or value. Applications for development affecting a protected structure shall be accompanied by an assessment carried out in accordance with the Council’s requirements, by an accredited CAAS for Roscommon County Council 94 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs conservation consultant and shall also address material specification and application. Policy 51 Require that development proposals appropriately conserve and protect features of the built environment such as stone walls, pillars, piers, stiles, bridges, kerbing, cobbles, gates, railings, wells, mass rocks, post-boxes, historic telephone boxes, memorials, milestones, benchmarks, streetlights, manhole covers, ventilation pipes etc. Objectives relating to Built Heritage Objective 40 CH1 CH2 L1 B1 M1 M2 M3 C1 Contribute, as appropriate, towards the protection of archaeological sites and monuments and their settings, B2 B3 S1 PHH1 archaeological objects and underwater archaeological sites that are listed in the Record of Monuments and Places, in W1 W2 W3 the ownership/guardianship of the State, or that are subject of Preservation Orders or have been registered in the Register of Historic Monuments. Contribute, as appropriate, towards the protection and preservation of archaeological sites, which have been identified subsequent to the publication of the Record of Monuments and Places. Objective 41 Promote awareness of the importance and value of the architectural and archaeological heritage within the Lough Key area. Objective 42 Promote best conservation practice and the importance of informed decision making with regard to historic buildings through advice to owners/occupiers and by encouraging the engagement of a suitably qualified conservation specialist with regard to material specification and application for protected structures. Objective 43 Promote appropriate use/re-use and repair of protected structures, including the use of available conservation grants and any other funding opportunities that may become available. Objective 44 Positively and actively encourage redevelopment of derelict and obsolete sites in a manner that is sympathetic with and complimentary to the inherent character of neighbouring structures and the historic character of the area. Objective 45 Implement a high standard of street frontage design relating to shops and other commercial proposals in Cootehall, including the appropriate use of render, solid timber, tiles lighting, fenestration etc. Objective 46 Apply best conservation practice to protect features and buildings of interest within the LAP area: Prioritise reuse and renovation over demolition of buildings of interest and other historic buildings. Retain traditional features such as historic windows, doors, overlights/fanlights, renders, roof coverings, street frontage facades and rainwater goods, in preference to their removal and replacement. Objective 47 Facilitate and co-operate with voluntary groups and tidy towns committees in maintaining and improving the character of Cootehall and Knockvicar. Objective 48 Provide guidance to developers and property owners regarding the protection of the archaeological heritage and the archaeological implications of proposed development. Commentary:
These provisions would be likely to protect development of the settings of human health and flood risk management (
archaeological and architectural heritage, the provisions also have the potential to improve oth archaeological and architectural heritage ( CAAS for Roscommon County Council 95 SEOs B1 B2 B3 S1 PHH1 W1 W2 W3
SEOs CH1 CH2
). ) including context and contribute towards the management of the landscape (
er environmental components including biodiversity, flora and fauna, soil, water,
SEO L1 ). By limiting the SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Policies relating to Designated Sites Policy 52 B1 B2 B3 L1 CH1 M3 C1 Contribute towards the protection of (c)SACs, SPAs, Wildlife Sites (including NHAs and pNHAs) and entries to the CH2 W1 W2 S1 Water Framework Directive Register of Protected Areas which are designated or become designated and notified to W3 PHH1 M1 M2 Roscommon County Council during the lifetime of this LAP. Policy 53 Contribute towards the protection of natural heritage and biodiversity, including European sites that form part of the Natura 2000 network, in accordance with relevant EU Environmental Directives and applicable National Legislation, Policies, Plans and Guidelines. Policy 54 Prohibit projects which would give rise to significant cumulative, direct, indirect or secondary impacts on Natura 2000 sites arising from their size or scale, land take, proximity, resource requirements, emissions (disposal to land, water or air), transportation requirements, duration of construction, operation, decommissioning or from any other effects shall be permitted on the basis of this Plan (either individually or in combination with other plans or projects). Policy 55 Contribute towards the protection of the water resources, including rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, turloughs, groundwater, as well as aquatic and wetland habitats and freshwater and water dependant species in accordance with the requirements and guidance in the EU Water Framework Directive 2000 (2000/60/EC), the European Union (Water Policy) Regulations 2003 (as amended), the Western River Basin District Management Plan 2009-2015, Shannon International River Basin Management Plan 2009-2015 and other relevant EU Directives, including associated national legislation and policy guidance (including any superseding versions of same). Objective relating to Designated Sites Objective 49 B1 B2 B3 L1 CH1 C1 Ensure Appropriate Assessment Screening, and, where required, Appropriate Assessment, is carried out for any plan or CH2 W1 W2 S1 project which, individually, or in combination with other plans or projects is likely to have a significant direct or indirect W3 PHH1 M1 M2 impact on any Natura 2000 site or sites; in accordance with best practice guidance as issued by the National Parks and M3 Wildlife Service of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht and/or the Department of Environment, Community and Local Government.41 Commentary:
These provisions are primarily concerned environmental components including:
Biodiversity, flora and fauna (
with ecologically designated sites ( 41 All relevant projects and plans arising from this plan will be screened for the need to undertake Appropriate Assessment under Article 6 of the Habitats Directive. A plan or project will only be authorised after SEOs B1 B2 B3 the competent authority has ascertained, based on scientific evidence, Screening for Appropriate Assessment, and a Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment where necessary, that: 1. The Plan or project will not give rise to significant adverse direct, indirect or secondary effects on the integrity of any European site (either individually or in combination with other plans or projects); or ); 2. The Plan or project will have significant adverse effects on the integrity ofSEO any B1 European site (that does not host a priority natural habitat type/and or a priority species) but there are no alternative solutions and the plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons of). Theoverriding protection public of theseinterest, sites including would co those of a social or economic nature. In this case, it will be a requirement to follow procedures set out in legislation and agree and undertake all compensatory measures necessary to ensure the protection of the overall coherence of Natura 2000; or 3. The Plan or project will have a significant adverse effect on the integrity of any European site (that hosts a natural habitat type and/or a priority species) but there are no alternative solutions and the plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons for overriding public interest, restricted to reasons of human health or public safety, to beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment or, further to an opinion from the Commission, to other imperative reasons of overriding public interest. In this case, it will be a requirement to follow procedures set out in legislation and agree and undertake all compensatory measures necessary to ensure the protection of the overall coherence of Natura 2000. ntribute towards the protection and management of the environment, benefitting
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 96 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Landscape ( Cultural heritage ( SEO L1 Waters ( ); Soil ( SEOs W1SEO W2 CH1 CH2 FloodSEO risk S1management ( ); Human health ( ); ); The provision of appropriate infrastructure and services ( SEO PHH1SEOs W3 PHH1 Policies relating to Nature Conservation); and and Biodiversity Policy 56 ); B1 B2 B3 L1 CH1 C1 Promote the retention and enhancement of existing habitats, biodiversity and geological heritage within the Plan area. CH2 W1 W2 S1 Policy 57 W3 PHH1 M1 M2 Promote the implementation of key actions and objectives set out in Actions for Biodiversity 2011-2016: Ireland’s 2nd M3 National Biodiversity Plan (including any superseding version of same),SEOs the M1 County M2 M3 Roscommon Heritage Plan and the County Roscommon Biodiversity Plan as appropriate. Policy 58 ). Support, as appropriate, the National Parks and Wildlife Service’s efforts to seek to control the spread of non-native invasive species on land and water. Objectives relating to Nature Conservation and Biodiversity Objective 50 B1 B2 B3 L1 CH1 C1 Promote the conservation of biodiversity outside of designated areas, while allowing for appropriate development, CH2 W1 W2 S1 access and recreational activity. W3 PHH1 M1 M2 Objective 51 M3 Identify, contribute towards the protection of and conserve, in co-operation with the relevant statutory authorities and other groups, vulnerable, rare and threatened species or wild flora and fauna and their habitats. These include plant and animal species afforded protection under the Wildlife Acts and the EU Habitats & Birds Directives for example The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland, NPWS & DEHLG, 2008. Objective 52 Ensure that the conservation and management of biodiversity is a key priority in water resource management and other infrastructural projects in the LAP area. Objective 53 Contribute towards the protection and enhancement of biodiversity and ecological connectivity, including woodlands, trees, hedgerows, semi-natural grasslands, rivers, streams, wetlands, other landscape features and associated wildlife where these form part of the ecological network and/or may be considered as ecological corridors or stepping stones in the context of Article 10 of the Habitats Directive. Objective 54 Contribute towards the protection of habitats and species listed in the annexes to and/or covered by the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC, as amended), Birds Directive (2009/147/EC), the Environmental Liability Directive (2004/35/EC) and European Communities (Environmental Liability) Regulations 2008, and regularly occurring-migratory birds and their habitats, and species protected under the Wildlife Acts 1976-2000 and the Flora Protection Order. Objective 55 Contribute towards the protection and maintenance of the character, integrity and conservation value of features or areas of geological interest. Objective 56 Have regard to impacts of floodlighting and public lighting in open spaces and to minimize light intrusion in areas of habitat value.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 97 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Commentary:
These provisions are primarily concerned with biodiversity ( environmental components including:
Landscape ( Cultural heritage ( SEO L1 Waters ( ); Soil ( SEOs W1SEO W2 CH1 CH2 FloodSEO risk S1management ( ); SEOs B1 B2 B3 Human health ( ); ); The provision of appropriate infrastructure and services ( SEO PHH1SEOs W3 PHH1 ). The protection of biodiversity would contribute towards the protection and management of the environment, benefitting Policy for Landscape Character ); and Policy 59 ); L1 B1 B2 B3 CH1 PHH1 S1 W1 CH2 Require planning applications which have the potential to impact adversely on the unique landscape character and W2 W3 M2 landscape designations of the Plan area, to include an appropriate visual impact assessment of the proposed M3 development. SEOs M1 M2 M3 Objectives for Landscape Character Objective 57 L1 B1 B2 B3 CH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 ). Encourage and facilitate, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, the development of green infrastructure that CH2W2 C1 W3 HH1 S1 W1 W2 W3 M2 recognises the synergies that can be achieved with regard to the following: M1 M2 M3 W1 M3 CH1 CH2 L1 Provision of open space amenities; Sustainable management of water; Protection and management of biodiversity; Protection of cultural heritage; and Protection of protected landscape sensitivities. Objective 58 Recognise European and national objectives for climate adaptation and work with the EPA, the Western Regional Authority and neighbouring planning authorities in implementing future Guidance for climate change proofing of land use plan provisions as is flagged in the National Climate Change Adaptation Framework (DECLG, 2012). Commentary:
The protection of the landscape ( B1 B2 B3 ) and cultural heritage ( The development of green infrastructure could: contribute toward protect human health ( SEO L1 ) would contribute towards the protection an (SEOs B1 B2 B3 W1 W2 SEOs CH1 CH2 environmental effects during construction and in ecologically and visuallySEO HH1 sensitive areas adjacent). to the banks of rivers and streams. Potential adverse effects would be mi 9) and by measures arising); and fr ); protect contribute cultural towards heritage the andprovision landscape of various sensitivities se (
Certain climate change adaptation d management of the environment, benefitting environmental components including bio s increases in sustainable mobili construction and operationom on lowermost tierenvironmental assessments.operation components.on most environmental Pote components ( arising from lower tier assessments. CAAS for Roscommon County Council 98 rvices and the sustainable management of water ( actions such as flood defence ty and reductions in greenhous SEOs CH1 and CH2
SEOs B1 B2 B3 PHH1 S1 W1 W2 W3 M2 M3 CH1 CH2 L1 ). The development of green infrastructure also has the potential to result in significant adverse infrastructure and the development of green infrastructuree gashave emissions ( ntial adverse effects would be mitigated both by measuresSEOs whic M1 M2 M3 SEO C1 diversity, flora and fauna ( ); minimise increases in flood risk ( tigated both by measures); whichprotect have and beenmanage biodiversity and water quality SEOs ). This type of infrastructure is often constructed the potential to result in significant adverse environmentalSEO W3 effects during ) and h have been integrated into the integrated Plan (see into Section the Plan9) and (see by Section measures SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Likely to Improve Probable Conflict Potential Conflict No Likely status of SEOs with status of with status of SEOs- interaction SEOs - unlikely to likely to be with status of be mitigated mitigated SEOs Policies in relation to Future Employment, Enterprise and Economic Strategy Policy 60 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Promote economic development and employment through the further enhancement of a strong tourism base within S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 the Plan area. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Policy 61 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Promote and support new job creating opportunities, support the local economic base, and encourage appropriate rural diversification enterprises. Objectives in relation to Future Employment, Enterprise and Economic Strategy Objective 59 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Ensure that the continued provision of infrastructure and services within the Plan area to support increased economic S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 activity. M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 Objective 60 CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Provide support for potential new business start-ups and facilitate the establishment of appropriate commercial enterprises throughout the Plan area. Commentary:
The evaluation against Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) which is detailed in Section 7.
Policy relating to Residential Development and Design Policy 62 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 B1 B2 B3 PHH1 Where proposals satisfy the principal for development within the rural environs of the Plan boundary, ensure that new S1 W1 W2 W3 S1 W1 W2 W3 M1 residential developments principally meet the following Development Management requirements: M1 M2 M3 C1 M2 M3 C1 CH1 High standard of dwelling design to ensure its appropriate integration into the receiving environment CH1 CH2 L1 CH2 L1 Suitable design solutions to address on site effluent disposalprovided to ensure for these that provisions receiving rewatercourses are not adversely affected Appropriate access arrangements to and from the site to ensure proposals to not give rise to traffic safety concerns. Commentary: flects the selected Developmen
The evaluation against Strategic Environmental Objectives (SEOs) which is detailed in Section 7. t Strategy alternative and is consistent with the evaluation of this Strategy
provided for these provisions re
flects the selected Developmen
t Strategy alternative and is consistent with the evaluation of this Strategy CAAS for Roscommon County Council 99 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Section 9 Mitigation Measures
9.1 Introduction
Mitigation measures are measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and, as fully as possible, offset any significant adverse impacts on the environment of implementing the Plan.
Various environmental sensitivities and issues have been communicated to the Council through the SEA, AA and SFRA processes. By integrating related recommendations into the Plan, the Council have ensured that both the beneficial environmental effects of implementing the Plan have been and will be maximised and that potential adverse effects have been and will be avoided, reduced or offset.
9.2 Integration of Environmental Considerations
All recommendations made by the SEA, AA and SFRA processes were integrated into the Plan.
Table 9.1 links key mitigation measure(s) - which have been integrated into the Plan - to the potential significant effects of implementing the Plan, if unmitigated.
The measures generally benefit multiple environmental components i.e. a measure providing for the protection of biodiversity, flora and fauna could beneficially impact upon the minimisation of flood risk and the protection of human health, for example.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 100 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Table 9.1 Integration of Environmental Considerations
Topic Potentially Mitigation Significant Adverse Black text was included in the pre-Draft LAP and has been adopted as part of the Plan Effect, if Green text was suggested for inclusion by the SEA and AA and integrated into and adopted as part of the Plan Unmitigated Red strikethrough text is suggested for deletion by the SEA and AA and was excluded from the Plan Biodiversity Loss of biodiversity Policy 52 and flora with regard to Contribute towards the pProtection of (c)SACs, SPAs, Wildlife Sites (including NHAs and pNHAs) and entries to the Water Framework Directive Register of and fauna designated biodiversity Protected Areas which are designated or become designated and notified to Roscommon County Council during the lifetime of this LAP. and flora and fauna, Policy 53 ecological connectivity Contribute towards Ensure the protection of natural heritage and biodiversity, including European sites that form part of the Natura 2000 network, in accordance and non-designated with relevant EU Environmental Directives and applicable National Legislation, Policies, Plans and Guidelines. biodiversity and flora Policy 55 and fauna Contribute towards the pProtection of the water resources, including rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, turloughs, groundwater, as well as aquatic and wetland habitats and freshwater and water dependant species in accordance with the requirements and guidance in the EU Water Framework Directive 2000 (2000/60/EC), the European Union (Water Policy) Regulations 2003 (as amended), the Western River Basin District Management Plan 2009-2015, Shannon International River Basin Management Plan 2009-2015 and other relevant EU Directives, including associated national legislation and policy guidance (including any superseding versions of same). Objective 49 Ensure Appropriate Assessment Screening, and, where required, Appropriate Assessment, is carried out for any plan or project which, individually, or in combination with other plans or projects is likely to have a significant direct or indirect impact on any Natura 2000 site or sites; in accordance with best practice guidance as issued by the National Parks and Wildlife Service of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht and/or the Department of Environment, Community and Local Government42. Policy 56 Promote the retention and enhancement of existing habitats, biodiversity and geological heritage within the Plan area. Policy 57 Promote the implementation of key actions and objectives set out in Actions for Biodiversity 2011-2016: Ireland’s 2nd National Biodiversity Plan (including any superseding version of same), the County Roscommon Heritage Plan, and the County Roscommon Biodiversity Plan as appropriate. Objective 50 Promote the conservation of biodiversity outside of designated areas, while allowing for appropriate development, access and recreational activity. Objective 51 Identify, contribute towards the protection of and conserve, in co-operation with the relevant statutory authorities and other groups, vulnerable, rare and threatened species or wild flora and fauna and their habitats. These include plant and animal species afforded protection under the Wildlife Acts and the EU Habitats & Birds Directives for example The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland, NPWS & DEHLG, 2008. Objective 52 Ensure that the conservation and management of biodiversity is a key priority in water resource management and other infrastructural projects in the LAP area.
42 All relevant projects and plans arising from this plan will be screened for the need to undertake Appropriate Assessment under Article 6 of the Habitats Directive. A plan or project will only be authorised after the competent authority has ascertained, based on scientific evidence, Screening for Appropriate Assessment, and a Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment where necessary, that: 1. The Plan or project will not give rise to significant adverse direct, indirect or secondary effects on the integrity of any European site (either individually or in combination with other plans or projects); or 2. The Plan or project will have significant adverse effects on the integrity of any European site (that does not host a priority natural habitat type/and or a priority species) but there are no alternative solutions and the plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature. In this case, it will be a requirement to follow procedures set out in legislation and agree and undertake all compensatory measures necessary to ensure the protection of the overall coherence of Natura 2000; or 3. The Plan or project will have a significant adverse effect on the integrity of any European site (that hosts a natural habitat type and/or a priority species) but there are no alternative solutions and the plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons for overriding public interest, restricted to reasons of human health or public safety, to beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment or, further to an opinion from the Commission, to other imperative reasons of overriding public interest. In this case, it will be a requirement to follow procedures set out in legislation and agree and undertake all compensatory measures necessary to ensure the protection of the overall coherence of Natura 2000.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 101 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Objective 53 Contribute towards the protection and enhancement of biodiversity and ecological connectivity, including woodlands, trees, hedgerows, semi-natural grasslands, rivers, streams, wetlands, other landscape features and associated wildlife where these form part of the ecological network and/or may be considered as ecological corridors or stepping stones in the context of Article 10 of the Habitats Directive. Policy 58 Support, as appropriate, the National Parks and Wildlife Service’s efforts to seek to control the spread of non-native invasive species on land and water. Policy 54 Prohibit projects which would give rise to significant cumulative, direct, indirect or secondary impacts on Natura 2000 sites arising from their size or scale, land take, proximity, resource requirements, emissions (disposal to land, water or air), transportation requirements, duration of construction, operation, decommissioning or from any other effects shall be permitted on the basis of this Plan (either individually or in combination with other plans or projects43). Objective 54 Contribute towards the protection of habitats and species listed in the annexes to and/or covered by the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC, as amended), Birds Directive (2009/147/EC), the Environmental Liability Directive (2004/35/EC) and European Communities (Environmental Liability) Regulations 2008, and regularly occurring-migratory birds and their habitats, and species protected under the Wildlife Acts 1976-2000 and the Flora Protection Order. Population Spatially concentrated See measures under environmental vectors soil, water and air below. and human deterioration in human health health Soil Adverse impacts on Also see measures under water below. the hydrogeological Objective 18 and ecological function Developments shall ensure that adequate soil protection measures are undertaken where appropriate. Require the undertaking of appropriate investigations to of the soil resource determine the nature and extent of any soil and/or groundwater contamination and the risks associated with site development work, where Brownfield development is to occur within the Plan area. Regional Water Supply Scheme Objective 55 Contribute towards the protection and maintenance of the character, integrity and conservation value of features or areas of geological interest. Water Adverse impacts upon Also see measures under soil above and material assets below. the status of water Objective 6 bodies arising from ImplementCommunities the Environmental relevant recommendations Objectives (groun contained within the River Basin Management Plans for the Shannon International River Basin District and the Western changes in quality, River Basin District, and associated Programmes of Measures, in order to facilitate the implementation of the Water Framework Directive, in co-operation with Irish flow and/or Water. Proposals for development would not have an unacceptable impact on the water environment, including surface waters, groundwater quality and quantity, morphology river corridors and associated woodlands. Also to have cognisance of, where relevant, the EU’s Common Implementation Strategy Guidance Document No. 20 which provides guidance on exemptions to the environmental objectives of the Water Framework Directive. Policy 55 Contribute towards the pProtection of the waterdwater) resources, Regulations, including 2010 rivers, (S.I. streNo. ams,9 of 2010)lakes, wetlands, turloughs, groundwater, as well as aquatic and wetland habitats and freshwater and water dependant species in accordance with the requirements and guidance in the EU Water Framework Directive 2000 (2000/60/EC), the European Union (Water Policy) Regulations 2003 (as amended), the Western River Basin District Management Plan 2009-2015, Shannon International River Basin Management Plan 2009-2015 and other relevant EU Directives, including associated national legislation and policy guidance (including any superseding versions of same). Policy 10 Encourage and promote compliance with the Water Framework Directive 2000; Groundwater Source Protection Zones document for the Roscommon Central (GSI, April 2003); the European Communities Environmental Objectives (S ); as well as any National and EU Regulations concerning water quality for the County. Policy 12 Protect surface water and groundwater resources and their associated habitats and species including fisheries and in particular Annex II listed species. Policy 13 Support the protection of groundwater resources and dependent wildlife/habitats in accordance with the Groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC and the European or any updated legislation. urface Waters) Regulations 2009 (SI No. 272 of 2009
43 Except as provided for in Section 6(4) of the Habitats Directive, viz. There must be: a) no alternative solution available, b) imperative reasons of overriding public interest for the plan to proceed; and c) Adequate compensatory measures in place. CAAS for Roscommon County Council 102 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Policy 14 Support, in co-operation with the OPW, the implementation of the EU Flood Risk Directive (2007/60/EC), the Flood Risk Regulations (SI No. 122 of 2010), the DEHLG (now the DECLG) and OPW Guidelines for Planning Authorities, The Planning System and Flood Risk Management (Nov 2009), Departmental Circular PL2/2014, updated/superseding legislation or Departmental Guidelines and any future outputs from the Shannon International Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management (CFRAM) Programme, once finalised. The Flood Risk and Protection Strategy aims to: . Avoid flooding in areas at risk of flooding, by not permitting development in these areas, particularly floodplains, unless there are wider sustainability grounds for the development and the flood risk can be managed at an acceptable level without increasing flood risk elsewhere and where possible, reducing the overall flood risk; . Adopt a sequential approach to flood risk management based on avoidance, reduction and then mitigation of flood risk as the overall framework for assessing the location of new development in the development planning process; and . Incorporate flood risk assessment into the process of making decisions on planning applications and planning appeals. Policy 18 Ensure that site specific Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) accompanies all planning applications in areas at risk of flooding.44 Development Management (8.2) The detail of the site specific Flood Risk Assessments (FRAs) will depend on the level of risk and scale of development. A detailed site specific FRA should address the relevant requirements of the The Planning System and Flood Risk Management Guid and quantify the risks and effects of selected mitigation and management of residual risks as appropriate. Roscommon County Council shall have regard to the results of the CFRAMS in the assessment of planning applications.
With regard to climate change, the 2009 OPW Draft Guidance on Assessment of Potential Future Scenarios for Flood Risk Management (or any superseding document) shall be consulted with to this effect. Policy 17 Protect water bodies and watercourses from inappropriate development, including riverselines, streams, for Planning associated Authorities(DECLG, undeveloped riparia Novembern strips, 2009) wetlands and natural floodplains. This will include protection buffers in riverine and wetland areas as appropriate. Promote the sustainable management and uses of water bodies and avoid, where possible, culverting or realignment of these features. Policy 19 Require all new large scale developments to provide ‘Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems’ (SUDS) as part of their development proposals. Policy 21 Ensure that all proposals associated with the alleviation of flooding are subject to Appropriate Assessment in accordance with Article 6(3) and 6 (4) of the EU Habitats Directive. Air and Failure to contribute Objective 58 Climatic towards sustainable Recognise European and national objectives for climate adaptation and work with the EPA, the Regional Assembgly and neighbouring planning authorities in Factors transport and implementing future Guidance for climate change proofing of land use plan provisions as is flagged in the National Climate Change Adaptation Framework (DECLG, associated impacts 2012). (energy usage and Objective 57 emissions to air Encourage and facilitate, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, the development of green infrastructure that recognises the synergies that can be achieved including noise and with regard to the following: greenhouse gases) • Provision of open space amenities • Sustainable management of water • Protection and management of biodiversity • Protection of cultural heritage • Protection of protected landscape sensitivities. Material The need to provide Policy 8 Assets adequate and Development will only be permitted in instances where there is sufficient capacity in the public water and wastewater infrastructure. appropriate water Policy 9 services (it is the In conjunction with Irish Water, continue the development and upgrading of the water supply so as to ensure that an adequate, sustainable supply of piped water function of Irish Water for the Lough Key area. to provide for such
44 Please refer to Chapter 8 - Development Management Guidelines an CAAS for Roscommon County Council 103
d Standards for further detail in
relation to FRA requirements)
. SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 needs) Policy 11 Encourage the use of rainwater harvesting systems on suitable sites within the LAP area. Objective 5 Implement the European Communities and ensure, in conjunction with Irish Water, that water supplies comply with the 48 parameters identified in these Regulations, in co-operation with Irish Water. Objective 7 Facilitate the implementation of water conservation(Drinking Water) projects, Regulations which reduce (No. 2) consumption 2007 and leakage in existing water distribution systems, in co-operation with Irish Water. Objective 8 The Council, in conjunction with Irish Water, shall have regard to the EPA (20125) publication The Provision and Quality of Drinking Water in Ireland - A Report for the Year 201 (and any subsequent update) in the establishment and maintenance of water sources in the County. Objective 9 1 The Council, in4 conjunction with Irish Water, shall undertake recommendations made by the EPA arising from any failure to meet drinking water standards and any enlistment on the EPA’s Remedial Action List. Objective 10 All proposals for the development of an upgrade to the water supply system will be screened for Appropriate Assessment in accordance with Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive and where significant impacts are identified, a Natura Impact Statement will be prepared. Policy 13 Ensure, in conjunction with Irish Water, the continued provision of an adequate wastewater collection, treatment and disposal system for Cootehall Village to serve existing and future populations in accordance with the Water Framework Directive 2000, and EU Urban Wastewater Directive and in accordance with the EPA Discharge Licence. Policy 15 Ensure that all new developments have and are provided with satisfactory drainage systems in the interests of public health and to avoid the pollution of the ground and surface waters. Objective 11 RCC shall adopt the following approach when considering development applications: . Reduce the use of multiple private pumping stations. . Where technically feasible and economically viable, existing and future pumping stations should come under the control of RCC and IW. . Pumping arrangements shall be designed in a sustainable manner. . Development shall be phased in such a way as to only allow areas that can connect into the sewerage network directly by gravity to be developed. Objective 13 Comply with the relevant provisions of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations 2001 and 2004 and the Waste Water Discharge (Authorisation) Regulations 2007. Objective 12 In conjunction with Irish Water, implement relevant recommendations set out in the EPA (20124) publication Focus on Urban Waste Water Discharges in Ireland 2013 (and any subsequent update). Objective 14 Any proposals for the development of an upgrade of the waste water treatment plant and waste water network will be subject to Appropriate Assessment in accordance with Article 6(3) and 6 (4) of Increases in waste Policy 22 levels Encourage waste reduction and recycling in accordance with the National Environmental Awareness Campaign. Policy 23 the EU Habitats Directive. Promote the increased re-use and recycling of materials from waste sources and co-operate with local retailers and residents’ associations in managing collection points for recycling goods. Policy 24 Ensure that all new developments, particularly those including apartments, have adequate provision for management of waste, which includes sufficient receptacles for occupiers. Objective 16 Work with and assist local community groups and schools in litter prevention and control, and support related community based initiatives.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 104 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Objective 17 Facilitate the increase, upgrade and maintenance of waste management facilities in the area, including bring banks and litter bins, particularly in Knockvicar and Cootehall. Cultural Potential effects on Objective 40 Heritage protected and Contribute, as appropriate, towards the protection of archaeological sites and monuments and their settings, archaeological objects and underwater archaeological unknown archaeology sites that are listed in the Record of Monuments and Places, in the ownership/guardianship of the State, or that are subject of Preservation Orders or have been and protected registered in the Register of Historic Monuments. Contribute, as appropriate, towards the protection and preservation of archaeological sites, which have been architecture arising identified subsequent to the publication of the Record of Monuments and Places. from construction and Policy 45 operation Identify, protect and conserve structures (i.e. includes conservation, preservation, and improvement compatible with maintaining the character and interest of the structure), or parts of structures, which are of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest or which are listed on the Record of Protected Structures. Policy 46 Protect and preserve the archaeological sites identified on the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP), and those discovered since the publication of the Record of Monuments and Places (1998). Policy 47 Seek archaeological assessment and, where appropriate, excavation and testing, preservation by record or preservation in situ, in relation to all development proposals on which the archaeological heritage may be affected. Policy 48 Protect the integrity, quality and context of significant sites and recorded monuments. Policy 49 Ensure that development proposals do not adversely affect the character of a protected structure or the setting of a protected structure, where the setting is considered to be of importance. Policy 50 Require that any alterations or interventions to protected structures are executed to the highest conservation standards in order to protect their significance or value. Applications for development affecting a protected structure shall be accompanied by an assessment carried out in accordance with the Council’s requirements, by an accredited conservation consultant and shall also address material specification and application. Policy 51 Require that development proposals appropriately conserve and protect features of the built environment such as stone walls, pillars, piers, stiles, bridges, kerbing, cobbles, gates, railings, wells, mass rocks, post-boxes, historic telephone boxes, memorials, milestones, benchmarks, streetlights, manhole covers, ventilation pipes etc. Objective 41 Promote awareness of the importance and value of the architectural and archaeological heritage within the Lough Key area. Objective 42 Promote best conservation practice and the importance of informed decision making with regard to historic buildings through advice to owners/occupiers and by encouraging the engagement of a suitably qualified conservation specialist with regard to material specification and application for protected structures. Objective 43 Promote appropriate use/re-use and repair of protected structures, including the use of available conservation grants and any other funding opportunities that may become available. Objective 44 Positively and actively encourage redevelopment of derelict and obsolete sites in a manner that is sympathetic with and complimentary to the inherent character of neighbouring structures and the historic character of the area. Objective 45 Implement a high standard of street frontage design relating to shops and other commercial proposals in Cootehall, including the appropriate use of render, solid timber, tiles lighting, fenestration etc. Objective 46 Apply best conservation practice to protect features and buildings of interest within the LAP area: . Prioritise reuse and renovation over demolition of buildings of interest and other historic buildings. . Retain traditional features such as historic windows, doors, overlights/fanlights, renders, roof coverings, street frontage facades and rainwater goods, in preference to their removal and replacement.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 105 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Objective 47 Facilitate and co-operate with voluntary groups and tidy towns committees in maintaining and improving the character of Knockvicar and Cootehall. ObjectivePlanning Authorities 48 Provide guidance to developers and property owners regarding the protection of the archaeological heritage and the archaeological implications of proposed development. Landscape Occurrence of adverse Policy 41 visual impacts Ensure that the facilitation of tourism related development does not impact negatively on the landscape, environmental quality, built and natural heritage of the Lough Key area. Policy 59 Require planning applications, with potential to impact adversely on the landscape character and landscape designations of the Plan area, to include an appropriate visual impact assessment of the proposed development. Policy 29 Have regard to Government guidelines on telecommunications infrastructure, including Telecommunications Antennae and Support Structures–Guidelines for (DEHLG45, 1996) and any subsequent revisions, as well as the Landscape Character Assessment contained within the RCDP 2014-2020.
45 Now the DECLG CAAS for Roscommon County Council 106 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Section 10 Monitoring Measures
10.1 Introduction of permission46 basis. Where significant adverse effects - including positive, negative, The SEA Directive requires that the significant cumulative and indirect - have the potential to environmental effects of the implementation of occur upon, for example, entries to the RMP, plans and programmes are monitored. This entries to the RPS or ecological networks as a section details the measures which will be result of the undertaking of individual projects used in order to monitor the likely significant or multiple individual projects such instances effects of implementing the Plan. should be identified and recorded and should feed into the monitoring evaluation. Monitoring can enable, at an early stage, the identification of unforeseen adverse effects With regard to the commencement of the and the undertaking of appropriate remedial proposed monitoring programme, the action. monitoring of indicators by other bodies, relates to the relevant information on source and frequency of monitoring detailed under 10.2 Indicators and Targets Table 10.1. “Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of permission Monitoring is based around indicators which (grant by grant)” will begin on the adoption of allow quantitative measures of trends and the Plan and the information from this process progress over time relating to the Strategic will be compiled and reported upon in advance Environmental Objectives identified in Section of the beginning of the review of the Plan. 5 and used in the evaluation. Each indicator to be monitored is accompanied by the target(s) The Planning Department is responsible for which were identified with regard to the the ongoing review of indicators and targets, relevant strategic actions. collating existing relevant monitored data, the preparation of monitoring evaluation report(s), Table 10.1 overleaf shows the indicators and the publication of these reports and, if targets which have been selected for necessary, the carrying out of corrective monitoring the likely significant environmental action. effects of implementing the Plan, if unmitigated. 10.4 Reporting The Monitoring Programme may be updated to deal with specific environmental issues - A stand-alone Monitoring Report on the including unforeseen effects - as they arise. significant environmental effects of Such issues may be identified by the Council implementing the Plan will be prepared before or identified to the Council by other agencies. in advance of the beginning of the review of the Plan. This report should address the indicators set out below. 10.3 Sources The Council is responsible for the ongoing Measurements for indicators generally come review of indicators and targets, collating from existing monitoring sources. Existing existing relevant monitored data, the monitoring sources include those maintained preparation of monitoring evaluation report(s), by the Council and the relevant authorities e.g. the publication of these reports and, if the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Parks and Wildlife Service and the 46 The likely significant effects of development Central Statistics Office. proposals on environmental sensitivities are further determined during the development management Internal monitoring of the environmental process. By documenting this determination (e.g. effects of grants of permission in the Council whether a proposed development will impact upon a Protected Structure or whether a proposed will provide monitoring of various indicators development can be adequately served with water and targets on a grant of permission by grant services) while granting permissions, or at a later date, the requirement to monitor the effects of implementing the Plan can be achieved.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 107 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 necessary, the carrying out of corrective action.
10.5 Thresholds
Thresholds at which corrective action will be considered include: The occurrence of flood events; Court cases taken by the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht regarding impacts upon archaeological heritage including entries to the RMP; Complaints received from statutory consultees regarding avoidable environmental impacts resulting from development which is granted permission under the Plan; Boil notices on drinking water; and Fish kills.
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 108 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Table 10.1 Selected Indicators, Targets and Monitoring Sources
Environmental Selected Indicator(s) Selected Target(s) Source (Frequency) Component Biodiversity, B1: Conservation status of habitats and species as B1: Maintenance of favourable conservation status Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of Flora and assessed under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive for all habitats and species protected under permission (grant by grant). Fauna national and international legislation to be Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht report of the unaffected by implementation of the Plan47 implementation of the measures contained in the Habitats Directive - as required by Article 17 of the Directive (every 6 years). Consultations with the NPWS (at monitoring evaluation - see Section 10.4). B2: Percentage loss of functional connectivity without B2: No significant ecological networks or parts Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of remediation resulting from development provided for thereof which provide functional connectivity to be permission (grant by grant). by the Plan lost without remediation resulting from CORINE mapping resurvey (every c. 5 years). development provided for in the Plan B3i: Number of significant impacts on relevant B3i: Avoid significant impacts on relevant Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of habitats, species, environmental features or other habitats, species, environmental features or other permission (grant by grant). sustaining resources in designated sites including sustaining resources in designated sites including Consultations with the NPWS (at monitoring evaluation - see Wildlife Sites resulting from development provided for Wildlife Sites resulting from development provided Section 10.4). by the Plan for by the Plan
B3ii: Number of significant impacts on the protection B3ii: No significant impacts on the protection of of species listed on Schedule 5 of the Wildlife Act 1976 species listed on Schedule 5 of the Wildlife Act 1976 Population PHH1: Occurrence (any) of a spatially concentrated PHH1: No spatial concentrations of health Consultations with EPA and Health Service Executive (at and Human deterioration in human health arising from problems arising from environmental factors as a monitoring evaluation - see Section 10.4). Health environmental factors resulting from development result of implementing the Plan provided for by the Plan, as identified by the Health Service Executive and Environmental Protection Agency Soil S1: Soil extent and hydraulic connectivity S1: To minimise reductions in soil extent and Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of hydraulic connectivity permission (grant by grant).
47 Except as provided for in Section 6(4) of the Habitats Directive, viz. There must be: (a) no alternative solution available; (b) imperative reasons of overriding public interest for the plan to proceed; and (c) adequate compensatory measures in place. CAAS for Roscommon County Council 109 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Environmental Selected Indicator(s) Selected Target(s) Source (Frequency) Component Water W1i: Classification of Overall Status (comprised of W1i: Not to cause deterioration in the status of Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of ecological and chemical status) under the European any surface water or affect the ability of any permission (grant by grant). Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface surface water to achieve ‘good status’48 by 2015 Data issued under the Water Framework Directive Monitoring Waters) Regulations 2009 (SI No. 272 of 2009) Programme for Ireland. W2: Groundwater Quality Standards and Threshold W2: Not to affect the ability of groundwaters to Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of Values under Directive 2006/118/EC comply with Groundwater Quality Standards and permission (grant by grant). Threshold Values under Directive 2006/118/EC Data issued under the Water Framework Directive Monitoring Programme for Ireland (multi-annual). W3: Number of incompatible developments granted W3: Minimise developments granted Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of permission on lands which pose - or are likely to pose permission on lands which pose - or are likely to permission (grant by grant). in the future - a significant flood risk pose in the future - a significant flood risk in compliance with The Planning System and Flood Risk Management Guidelines for Planning Authorities Material M1: Number of new developments granted permission M1: All new developments granted permission to Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of Assets which can be adequately and appropriately served be connected to and adequately and appropriately permission (grant by grant). with waste water treatment over the lifetime of the served by waste water treatment over the lifetime Plan of the Plan M2: Number of non-compliances with the 48 M2: No non-compliances with the 48 parameters EPA The Provision and Quality of Drinking Water in Ireland parameters identified in the European Communities identified in the European Communities (Drinking reports (multi-annual). (Drinking Water) Regulations (No. 2) 2007 which Water) Regulations (No. 2) 2007 which present a EPA Remedial Action List (every quarter). present a potential danger to human health as a result potential danger to human health as a result of of implementing the Plan implementing the Plan M3i: Total collected and brought household waste M3i: Minimise increases in and, where possible, EPA National Waste Reports reduce household waste generation EPA Ireland’s Environment Reports
M3ii: Packaging recovered (t) by self-complying M3ii: Maximise increases in packaging EPA Ireland’s Environment Reports packagers recovered (t) by self-complying packagers Air and C1: Percentage of population travelling to work, school C1: An increase in the percentage of the CSO Population Data (every c. 5 years). Climatic or college by public transport or non-mechanical population travelling to work, school or college by Factors means public transport or non-mechanical means
48 Good status as defined by the WFD equates to approximately Q4 in the current national biological classification of rivers. CAAS for Roscommon County Council 110 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Environmental Selected Indicator(s) Selected Target(s) Source (Frequency) Component Cultural CH1: Percentage of entries to the Record of CH1: Protect entries to the Record of Monuments Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of Heritage Monuments and Places - including Zones of and Places - including Zones of Archaeological permission (grant by grant). Archaeological Potential (and the context of the above Potential (and their context of the above within Consultation with Department of Arts, Heritage and the within the surrounding landscape where relevant) – the surrounding landscape where relevant) from Gaeltacht (at monitoring evaluation - see Section 10.4). protected from adverse effects resulting from adverse effects resulting from development which development which is granted permission under the is granted permission under the Plan Plan CH2: Percentage of entries to the Record of Protected CH2: Protect entries to the Record of Protected Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of Structures and their context protected from adverse Structures and their context from adverse effects permission (grant by grant). effects resulting from development which is granted resulting from development which is granted Consultation with Department of Arts, Heritage and the permission under the Plan permission under the Plan Gaeltacht (at monitoring evaluation - see Section 10.4). Landscape L1: Number of complaints received from statutory L1: No developments permitted which result in Internal monitoring of environmental effects of grants of consultees regarding avoidable impacts on the avoidable impacts on the landscape - especially permission (grant by grant). landscape - especially with regard to landscapes which with regard to landscapes which are most valuable are most valuable and Scenic Routes and Scenic Views and Scenic Routes and Scenic Views - resulting - resulting from development which is granted from development which is granted permission permission under the Plan under the Plan
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 111 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021 Section 11 SEA Summary Table
Below is a summary table outlining how likely significant effects (if unmitigated) are linked to relevant mitigation measure(s) - which have been integrated into the Plan - and indicator(s) which will be used for monitoring.
Table 11.1 SEA Summary Table: Likely Significant Effects, Mitigation Measures and Indicators for Monitoring
Likely Significant Effect, if Mitigation Primary Indicator(s) for Monitoring unmitigated Measure Reference(s) Loss of biodiversity with regard to Policy 52 B1: Conservation status of habitats and species as designated biodiversity and flora Policy 53 assessed under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive and fauna, ecological connectivity Policy 55 B2: Percentage loss of functional connectivity and stepping stones and non- Objective 49 without remediation resulting from development designated biodiversity and flora Policy 56 provided for by the Plan and fauna Policy 57 B3i: Number of significant impacts on relevant Objective 50 habitats, species, environmental features or other Objective 51 sustaining resources in designated sites including Objective 52 Wildlife Sites resulting from development provided Objective 53 for by the Plan Policy 58 B3ii: Number of significant impacts on the Policy 54 protection of species listed on Schedule 5 of the Objective 54 Wildlife Act 1976. Spatially concentrated See measures under PHH1: Occurrence (any) of a spatially concentrated deterioration in human health environmental deterioration in human health arising from vectors soil, water environmental factors resulting from development and air below. provided for by the Plan, as identified by the Health Service Executive and Environmental Protection Agency Adverse impacts on the Objective 18 S1: Soil extent and hydraulic connectivity hydrogeological and ecological Objective 55 function of the soil resource Also see measures under water below. Adverse impacts upon the status Objective 6 W1: Classification of Overall Status (comprised of and quality of water bodies Policy 55 ecological and chemical status) under the European Policy 10 Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Policy 12 Waters) Regulations 2009 (SI No. 272 of 2009) Policy 13 W2: Groundwater Quality Standards and Threshold Policy 14 Values under Directive 2006/118/EC Also see measures under soil above and material assets below. Increase in flood risk Flood Risk and W3: Number of incompatible developments Protection Strategy granted permission on lands which pose - or are Policy 18 likely to pose in the future - a significant flood risk Policy 17 Policy 19 Policy 21 The need to provide adequate Policy 8 M1: Number of new developments granted and appropriate water services (it Policy 9 permission which can be adequately and is the function of Irish Water to Policy 11 appropriately served with waste water treatment provide for such needs) Objective 5 over the lifetime of the Plan Objective 7 M2: Number of non-compliances with the 48 Objective 8 parameters identified in the European Communities Objective 9 (Drinking Water) Regulations (No. 2) 2007 which Objective 10 present a potential danger to human health as a Policy 13 result of implementing the Plan Policy 15
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 112 SEA Environmental Report for the Lough Key Local Area Plan 2015-2021
Likely Significant Effect, if Mitigation Primary Indicator(s) for Monitoring unmitigated Measure Reference(s) Objective 11 Objective 13 Objective 12 Objective 14 Failure to contribute towards Objective 58 C1: Percentage of population travelling to work, sustainable transport and Objective 57 school or college by public transport or non- associated impacts (energy usage mechanical means and emissions to air including noise and greenhouse gases) Increases in waste levels Policy 22 M3i: Total collected and brought household waste Policy 23 M3ii: Packaging recovered (t) by self-complying Policy 24 packagers Objective 16 Objective 17 Potential effects on protected and Objective 40 CH1: Percentage of entries to the Record of unknown archaeology and Policy 45 Monuments and Places - including Zones of protected architecture Policy 46 Archaeological Potential (and the context of the Policy 47 above within the surrounding landscape where Policy 48 relevant) – protected from adverse effects resulting Policy 49 from development which is granted permission Policy 50 under the Plan Policy 51 CH2: Percentage of entries to the Record of Objective 41 Protected Structures and their context protected Objective 42 from adverse effects resulting from development Objective 43 which is granted permission under the Plan Objective 44 Objective 45 Objective 46 Objective 47 Objective 48 Occurrence of adverse visual Policy 41 L1: Number of complaints received from statutory impacts Policy 59 consultees regarding avoidable impacts on the Policy 29 landscape - especially with regard to landscapes which are most valuable and Scenic Routes and Scenic Views - resulting from development which is granted permission under the Plan
CAAS for Roscommon County Council 113