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Kenya-ID4D-Diagnostic-Webv42018 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ID4D Country Diagnostic: Kenya Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 28370_Kenya_ID4D.indd 1 4/12/18 9:51 AM © 2016 International Bank for Reconstitution and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, D.C., 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some Rights Reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, or of any participating organization to which such privileges and immunities may apply, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permission This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2016. ID4D Country Diagnostic: Kenya, Washington, DC: World Bank License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO) Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third Party Content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20433; USA; email: [email protected]. 28370_Kenya_ID4D.indd 2 4/12/18 9:51 AM Contents About ID4D ..............................................................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................................iii Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................................................iv 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Motivation .........................................................................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 High-level findings ........................................................................................................................................................................................1 2. Overview of the system .....................................................................................................................................4 3. Components of the system ...............................................................................................................................7 3.1 Civil registration: Births, deaths, and marriages ..............................................................................................................................7 3.2 Registration of aliens and refugees .....................................................................................................................................................9 3.3 National registration of Kenyan citizens ............................................................................................................................................9 3.4 The Integrated Population Registration System (IPRS) ............................................................................................................ 12 3.5 Privacy and data protection ................................................................................................................................................................. 13 4. The demand for identification: Citizens and some institutional clients .................................................. 15 5. Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Annex 1: Legal and institutional framework .....................................................................................................26 Annex 2: Draft comments on the DP and NRI bills 2012 .................................................................................28 Annex 3: List of people met .................................................................................................................................32 Tables and figures Table I. Policy Recommendations .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 1: Kenya’s System for Registration and Identification .............................................................................................................4 CONTENTS i 28370_Kenya_ID4D.indd 1 4/12/18 9:51 AM About ID4D The World Bank Group’s Identification for Development (ID4D) initiative uses global knowledge and expertise across sectors to help countries realize the transformational potential of digital identification systems to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. It operates across the World Bank Group with global practices and units working on digital development, social protection, health, financial inclusion, governance, gender, and legal, among others. The mission of ID4D is to enable all people to access services and exercise their rights, by increasing the number of people who have an official form of identification. ID4D makes this happen through its three pillars of work: thought leadership and analytics to generate evidence and fill knowledge gaps; global platforms and convening to amplify good practices, collaborate, and raise awareness; and country and regional engagement to provide financial and technical assistance for the implementation of robust, inclusive, and responsible digital identification systems that are integrated with civil registration. The work of ID4D is made possible with support from World Bank Group, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and Omidyar Network. To find out more about ID4D, visit worldbank.org/id4d. ii ID4D COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC: KENYA 28370_Kenya_ID4D.indd 2 4/12/18 9:51 AM Acknowledgments This report was prepared in 2016 by Alan Gelb, Vasumathi Anandan, and Arleen Cannata Seed as part of the Identification for Development (ID4D) initiative, the World Bank Group’s cross-sectoral effort to support progress toward identification systems using 21st century solutions. It was made possible through the generous support of the partners of the ID4D Multi-Donor Trust Fund (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Omidyar Network). This report benefited greatly from the inputs and reviews by Robert Palacios, James Neumann, Mia Harbitz, ID4D team and the Global Practice members of the ID4D Working Group of the World Bank Group under the supervision of Vyjayanti Desai. This report would not have been possible without the insights and support of the Government of Kenya including representatives from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, the National Drought Management Authority, the National Treasury, the Department of Civil Registration, the National Registration Bureau, the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission, the National Social Protection Secretariat, the Integrated Population Registry System, the Directorate of Immigration and Registration of Persons, the Ministry of Health, the Council of Governors, the Ministry of Labor, the Hunger Safety Net Program, and representatives from the Department for International Development, the World Food Programme, the International Finance Corporation,
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