65 C. C. González
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Computer Vision Cracks the Leaf Code
Computer vision cracks the leaf code Peter Wilfa,1, Shengping Zhangb,c,1, Sharat Chikkerurd, Stefan A. Littlea,e, Scott L. Wingf, and Thomas Serreb,1 aDepartment of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; bDepartment of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; cSchool of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; dAzure Machine Learning, Microsoft, Cambridge, MA 02142; eLaboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; and fDepartment of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 Edited by Andrew H. Knoll, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved February 1, 2016 (received for review December 14, 2015) Understanding the extremely variable, complex shape and venation species (15–19), and there is community interest in approaching this characters of angiosperm leaves is one of the most challenging problem through crowd-sourcing of images and machine-identifi- problems in botany. Machine learning offers opportunities to analyze cation contests (see www.imageclef.org). Nevertheless, very few large numbers of specimens, to discover novel leaf features of studies have made use of leaf venation (20, 21), and none has angiosperm clades that may have phylogenetic significance, and to attempted automated learning and classification above the species use those characters to classify unknowns. Previous computer vision level that may reveal characters with evolutionary significance. approaches have primarily focused on leaf identification at the species There is a developing literature on extraction and quantitative level. It remains an open question whether learning and classification analyses of whole-leaf venation networks (22–25). -
Tropical American Myrtaceae; Notes on Generic Concepts And
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN CvJ r- o> BIOLOGY TROPICAL AMERICAN MYRTACEAE NOTES ON GENERIC CONCEPTS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED SPECIES ROGERS McVAUGH FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 29, NUMBER 3 Published by CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM NOVEMBER 30, 1956 TROPICAL AMERICAN MYRTACEAE NOTES ON GENERIC CONCEPTS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED SPECIES ROGERS McVAUGH Professor of Botany, University of Michigan FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 29, NUMBER 3 Published by CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM NOVEMBER 30, 1956 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS .S FB Tropical American Myrtaceae The following notes have been prepared as a general introduction to a formal treatment of the Myrtaceae of Peru which is now in the course of preparation. A large part of the present paper is devoted to the characterization and description of approximately 80 species and sub-specific taxa, mostly from Peru, which appear to be new to science. The keys which are set forth below are intended primarily for the student who wishes to place the newly described species properly among their congeners or to follow the lines of reasoning by which I became convinced that the specimens represented undescribed taxa. Both keys and descriptions have been abridged from those which were originally prepared for the Flora of Peru, so that extra-Peruvian species have not been included in the keys unless there seems reason to believe that ultimately they may be found in that country. The American representatives of the Myrtaceae have long been considered a "difficult" group, and one in need of much systematic study. -
THE GENERA of AMERICAN MYRTACEAE — AN
THE GENERA OF AMERICA:;\" MYRTACEAE - A.\" IVfERIM REPORT Rogers McVaugh " J. Introduction . 3.54 II. Proposed realignment of the American Myrtcae 361 Ill. Enumeration of the genera 373 a. Tribe Myrteae . 373 b. Tribe Leptospermeae 409 e. Imperfectly known genera 409 d. Excluded genus 412 IV. Key to accepted genera of Tribe Myrtear- 412 V. Index to generic names. 417 1. INTRODUCTION Generic concepts developed slowly in the Myrtaceae. At the beginning of the 19th century few species were known, and these were traditionallv distributed among ten or twelve genera. Willdenow, for example (Sp. PI. 2: 93.5. 1800), knew among the capsular-fruited Myrtaceae 12 species of Leptospermum, 14 of Metrosideros, and 12 of Eucalyptus. The Myrtaceae with baccate fruits he referred to Eugenia 130 species), Psidium 18 species), jtlyrtus 128 species), Calyptranthes (6 species) and Plinia II species). The American Myrtaceae, except for the monotypic Chilean genus Tepualia, belong to the fleshy-fruited group that since the time of De Candolle has been recognized as a tribe, Myrteae. Outstanding contributions to the knowlrdge of the ~lJc~ies an'] genera of the American Myrteae were made bv De Candolle in 1828 r nd hv Berg in 18.55-62, but since Berg's time no one persc n 1,;., hed 2n ormor.uni;v In ~Jccome familiar with the group as a whole. The numh:r rf ,.le-~rihed ~~'ecie; i~ v-rv large. especially in tropical South America, and avail.v'il» h"r\~riu:~ material until rereut years consisted chiefly of the classical spe"::;)"n" H,;,'1er"rl ihrou-r'i Eurojern herbaria. -
Native and Exotic Plants with Edible Fleshy Fruits Utilized in Patagonia and Their Role As Sources of Local Functional Foods Melina Fernanda Chamorro and Ana Ladio*
Chamorro and Ladio BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2020) 20:155 BMC Complementary https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02952-1 Medicine and Therapies RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Native and exotic plants with edible fleshy fruits utilized in Patagonia and their role as sources of local functional foods Melina Fernanda Chamorro and Ana Ladio* Abstract Background: Traditionally part of the human diet, plants with edible fleshy fruits (PEFF) contain bioactive components that may exert physiological effects beyond nutrition, promoting human health and well-being. Focusing on their food-medicine functionality, different ways of using PEFF were studied in a cross-sectional way using two approaches: a bibliographical survey and an ethnobotanical case study in a rural community of Patagonia, Argentina. Methods: A total of 42 studies were selected for the bibliographical review. The case study was carried out with 80% of the families inhabiting the rural community of Cuyín Manzano, using free listing, interviews, and participant observation. In both cases we analyzed species richness and use patterns through the edible consensus and functional consensus indices. Local foods, ailments, medicines and drug plants were also registered. Results: The review identified 73 PEFF, the majority of which (78%) were native species, some with the highest use consensus. PEFF were used in 162 different local foods, but mainly as fresh fruit. Of the total, 42% were used in a functional way, in 54 different medicines. The principal functional native species identified in the review were Aristotelia chilensis and Berberis microphylla. In the case study 20 PEFF were in current use (50% were native), and consensus values were similar for native and exotic species. -
Myster Et Al 2012.Pdf
Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland wwwwwwwwwwww Randall W. Myster Editor Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland Editor Randall W. Myster Department of Biology Oklahoma State University Oklahoma City, OK, USA ISBN 978-1-4614-3796-3 ISBN 978-1-4614-3797-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3797-0 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012941221 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Evolution of Pollination by Frugivorous Birds in Neotropical Myrtaceae
Evolution of pollination by frugivorous birds in Neotropical Myrtaceae María Gabriela Nadra1,2, Norberto Pedro Giannini1,3, Juan Manuel Acosta2 and Lone Aagesen2 1 Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL), CONICET-FML, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina 2 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (IBODA), CONICET-ANCEFN, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina 3 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel deTucumán, Tucumán, Argentina ABSTRACT Bird pollination is relatively common in the tropics, and especially in the Americas. In the predominantly Neotropical tribe Myrteae (Myrtaceae), species of two genera, Acca and Myrrhinium, offer fleshy, sugary petals to the consumption of birds that otherwise eat fruits, thus pollinating the plants in an unusual plant-animal interaction. The phylogenetic position of these genera has been problematic, and therefore, so was the understanding of the evolution of this interaction. Here we include new sequences of Myrrhinium atropurpureum in a comprehensive molecular phylogeny based on a balanced sample of two plastid and two nuclear markers, with the aim of providing the historical framework of pollination by frugivorous birds in Myrteae. We developed 13 flower and inflorescence characters that comprehensively depict the macroscopic morphological components of this interaction. Bayesian and parsimony phylogenies concur in placing both Acca and Myrrhinium in a clade with Psidium species; with Myrrhinium sister to Psidium. Mapping of morphological characters indicated some degree of convergence (e.g., fleshy petals, purplish display) but also considerable divergence in key characters that point to rather opposing pollination strategies and also different degrees of specialization in Acca versus Myrrhinium. Pollination by frugivorous birds represents a special case of mutualism that highlights the evolutionary complexities of plant-animal interactions. -
Wood Anatomy of Myrciaria, Neomitranthes, Plinia and Siphoneugena Species (Myrteae, Myrtaceae)
Santos IAWAet al. –Journal Wood anatomy 34 (3), 2013:of selected 313–323 Myrtaceae 313 WOOD ANATOMY OF MYRCIARIA, NEOMITRANTHES, PLINIA AND SIPHONEUGENA SPECIES (MYRTEAE, MYRTACEAE) Gabriel U.C.A. Santos1,*, Cátia H. Callado2, Marcelo da Costa Souza3 and Cecilia G. Costa4 1 Colégio Pedro II, CSCII, Campo de São Cristóvão 177, 20921-440 São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC - sala 224, 20550-900 Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 3Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Departamento de Botânica, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940-040 São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 4Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Botânica Estrutural, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030 Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] absTracT Myrciaria, Neomitranthes, Plinia and Siphoneugena are closely related genera whose circumscriptions are controversial. The distinctions between Myrciaria vs. Plinia, and Neomitranthes vs. Siphoneugena, have been based on a few fruit characters. The wood anatomy of 24 species of these genera was examined to determine if wood anatomical features could help delimit the genera. It was determined the four genera cannot reliably be separated by wood anatomy alone. Characteristics seen in all four genera are: growth rings usually poorly-defined; diffuse porous; exclusively solitary vessels, usually circular -
Morphological Homogeneity, Phylogenetic Heterogeneity and Systematic Complexity in Species-Rich Groups: a Case Study of Floral Evolution in Myrteae (Myrtaceae)
Morphological homogeneity, phylogenetic heterogeneity and systematic complexity in species-rich groups: a case study of floral evolution in Myrteae (Myrtaceae) Thais Nogales da Costa Vasconcelos University College London (‘UCL’) A thesis submitted as part of the requirements for a PhD degree in Systematics and Evolutionary Biology Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment - University College London Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department – Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1 ‘ I, Thais Nogales da Costa Vasconcelos, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis.' __________________________ ABSTRACT Myrteae is the most diverse tribe in the species-rich angiosperm family Myrtaceae. Myrteae species play a critical ecological role in tropical forests and savannas, biomes with some of the highest biodiversity on earth. Hence there is a growing interest in its use as a model for evolutionary, ecological and conservation studies. However, morphologically homogeneous reproductive structures cause taxonomic instability and jeopardize modelling and conservation initiatives. This study demonstrates how evolutionary patterns are underpinned by floral traits in Myrteae. Aims are approached using combined phylogenetic and morphological analyses in two work packages (WP): WP1 increases understanding of systematics and floral evolution in Myrteae based on multiloci molecular matrices for a near complete generic sample. The framework is used to interpret biogeography, diversification and over-arching patterns of floral morphology and development; data are reciprocally combined to illuminate those processes. WP2 presents four case studies using floral development and multidimensional trait analysis to address questions related to systematic complexity, phylogenetic heterogeneity and theoretical cladistics concepts, such as evolution of homoplastic traits. -
Biographical Sketch - LESLIE R
Biographical Sketch - LESLIE R. LANDRUM Herbarium Curator, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501. Phone: (480) 965-4679. Fax: (480) 965-6899. e-mail: [email protected] Education and Professional Experience: B.S., 1969, Forest Botany, New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York. M.S., 1975, Systematic Botany, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. PhD., 1980, Systematic Botany, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1980 -1983, B. A. Krukoff Research Associate at the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 1983 - 1986, Tilton Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. 1986-1990, Herbarium Curator, Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. 1990-2003, Associate Research Scientist/Herbarium Curator, Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. 2003-2014, Senior Research Scientist/Herbarium Curator, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. 2014-Present, Emeritus Senior Research Scientist/Herbarium Curator, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Recent Professional Activities: Member of the Editorial Board of the Vascular Plants of Arizona Project (1988-present). Co-editor of the Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, flora issues only (1991- 2005). Member of the Assembly of Delegates of the Organization for Tropical Studies (1999-2010). Member of the Editorial Board of the Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden (1985-1990 term). Member of the Commission of the Organization for Flora Neotropica (1986-present). Editorial Board of Flora Neotropica Monographs (1990-1995). Member of the Systematic Botany Monographs Committee (1991-1996). -
Important Plant Areas of the Falkland Islands
Important Plant Areas of the Falkland Islands 1 Important Plant Areas of the Falkland Islands Dr. Rebecca Upson Published December 2012 In association with RBG Kew and Plantlife International With financial support from Falkland Islands Government 2 First published in Great Britain in 2012 by Falklands Conservation. 14 East Hatley, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 3JA Website: www.falklandsconservation.com UK Registered charity: 1073859 In the Falkland Islands: 41 Ross Road, Stanley Postal address: PO Box 26, Stanley, Falkland Islands FIQQ 1ZZ. Telephone: (500) 22247 E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © Falklands Conservation Copyright in the photographs remains with the individual photographers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – photographic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systems – for commercial use without permission of the publishers. For citation: Upson, R. (2012). Important Plant Areas of the Falkland Islands. Unpublished Report, Falklands Conservation. 80 pp. Disclaimer: The information given in this publication on behalf of Falklands Conservation is believed to be correct, but accuracy is not guaranteed and the information does not obviate the need to make further enquiries as appropriate. 3 Contents Foreword - Falkland Islands Government ............................................................................ 5 Foreword - Plantlife ............................................................................................................. -
Plant Geography of Chile PLANT and VEGETATION
Plant Geography of Chile PLANT AND VEGETATION Volume 5 Series Editor: M.J.A. Werger For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7549 Plant Geography of Chile by Andrés Moreira-Muñoz Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 123 Dr. Andrés Moreira-Muñoz Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Instituto de Geografia Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago Chile [email protected] ISSN 1875-1318 e-ISSN 1875-1326 ISBN 978-90-481-8747-8 e-ISBN 978-90-481-8748-5 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8748-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. ◦ ◦ Cover illustration: High-Andean vegetation at Laguna Miscanti (23 43 S, 67 47 W, 4350 m asl) Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Carlos Reiche (1860–1929) In Memoriam Foreword It is not just the brilliant and dramatic scenery that makes Chile such an attractive part of the world. No, that country has so very much more! And certainly it has a rich and beautiful flora. Chile’s plant world is strongly diversified and shows inter- esting geographical and evolutionary patterns. This is due to several factors: The geographical position of the country on the edge of a continental plate and stretch- ing along an extremely long latitudinal gradient from the tropics to the cold, barren rocks of Cape Horn, opposite Antarctica; the strong differences in altitude from sea level to the icy peaks of the Andes; the inclusion of distant islands in the country’s territory; the long geological and evolutionary history of the biota; and the mixture of tropical and temperate floras. -
Comparative Leaf Anatomy and Micromorphology of the Chilean
Flora 217 (2015) 138–154 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Flora journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/flora Comparative leaf anatomy and micromorphology of the Chilean Myrtaceae: Taxonomic and ecological implications a,b,∗ a Hernan A. Retamales , Tanya Scharaschkin a School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia b Plant Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Nature Conservation, University of Chile, P.O. Box 9206, Santiago, Chile a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The family Myrtaceae in Chile comprises 26 species in 10 genera. The species occur in a diverse range Received 13 May 2015 of environments including humid temperate forests, swamps, riparian habitats and coastal xeromorphic Received in revised form 5 October 2015 shrublands. Most of these species are either endemic to Chile or endemic to the humid temperate forests Accepted 15 October 2015 of Chile and Argentina. Although many taxa have very restricted distributions and are of conservation Edited by Alessio Papini concern, little is known about their biology and vegetative anatomy. In this investigation, we describe and Available online 19 October 2015 compare the leaf anatomy and micromorphology of all Chilean Myrtaceae using standard protocols for light and scanning electron microscopy. Leaf characters described here are related to epidermis, cuticle, Keywords: papillae, stomata, hairs, mesophyll, crystals, secretory cavities and vascular system. Nearly all the species Identification key Histochemistry have a typical mesophytic leaf anatomy, but some species possess xerophytic characters such as double Taxonomy epidermis, hypodermis, pubescent leaves, thick adaxial epidermis and straight epidermal anticlinal walls, Valdivian forest which correlate with the ecological distribution of the species.