Ministério Da Educação Universidade Federal Rural De Pernambuco Pró-Reitoria De Pesquisa E Pós-Graduação Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Mestrado Em História

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Ministério Da Educação Universidade Federal Rural De Pernambuco Pró-Reitoria De Pesquisa E Pós-Graduação Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Mestrado Em História MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA MESTRADO EM HISTÓRIA LEON ADAN GUTIERREZ DE CARVALHO “A SUAVE INVASÃO”: Práticas e representações do movimento Hare Krishna em Pernambuco (1973-1996) Recife 2017 LEON ADAN GUTIERREZ DE CARVALHO “A SUAVE INVASÃO”: Práticas e representações do movimento Hare Krishna em Pernambuco (1973-1996) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em História sob a orientação da professora Dra. Maria Ângela de Faria Grillo Recife 2017 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas da UFRPE Biblioteca Central, Recife-PE, Brasil C331s Carvalho, Leon Adan Gutierrez de “A suave invasão”: práticas e representações do movimento Hare Krishna em Pernambuco (1973-1996) / Leon Adan Gutierrez de Carvalho. – 2017. 267 f. : il. Orientadora: Maria Ângela de Faria Grillo. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Recife, BR-PE, 2017. Inclui referências e anexo(s). 1. Movimento Hare Krishna 2. Novos movimentos religiosos 3. Pernambuco 4. Representações I. Grillo, Maria Ângela de Faria, orient. II. Título CDD 981.3 MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA MESTRADO EM HISTÓRIA “A SUAVE INVASÃO”: Práticas e representações do movimento Hare Krishna em Pernambuco (1973-1996) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO ELABORADA POR LEON ADAN GUTIERREZ DE CARVALHO APROVADA EM 21/02/2017 BANCA EXAMINADORA _____________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dra. Maria Ângela de Faria Grillo Orientadora - Programa de Pós-Graduação em História - UFRPE _____________________________________________________ Prof.º Dr. Carlos André Silva de Moura Departamento de História - UPE _____________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dra. Maria Lúcia Abaurre Gnerre Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências das Religiões - UFPB AGRADECIMENTOS Agradecer nominalmente é sempre um ato incompleto e injusto. Ainda assim, não há como deixar de fazê-lo. Em minha caminhada, muitos foram aqueles que estenderam a mão, apoiando direta e indiretamente a produção dessa pesquisa ou na minha formação como historiador. Primeiramente, agradeço a minha mãe, Rosário Carvalho, que me ensinou a refletir e ter uma visão crítica sobre a realidade que nos cerca. Essa habilidade foi crucial para a escolha da minha formação acadêmica. Também sou muito grato a todos os meus familiares, em especial, meus irmãos, que forneceram apoio e incentivo constantemente em minha vida acadêmica. Agradeço imensamente à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES) e ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela concessão de uma bolsa de estudos no último ano de curso, que foi essencial para o momento de dedicação que a escrita de uma dissertação exige. Sou muito grato a todos os professores da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) que me encorajaram e abriram meus horizontes para a pesquisa. Especialmente à minha querida orientadora, Maria Ângela de Faria Grillo, que me acolheu desde os tempos da graduação e me mostrou os autores e textos da História Cultural. Suas palavras, conselhos e correções se deram de maneira respeitosa e amigável, mas também exigente quando necessário, fazendo com que um grande respeito e admiração se desenvolvessem ao longo da construção desse trabalho, sobretudo, por ter aceitado o desafio de orientar um tema um tanto quanto novo para ela. Agradeço a professora Giselda Brito, da UFRPE, pelos constantes conselhos e contestações diante das minhas inquietações sobre teoria e metodologia próprias do ofício do historiador. Não poderia esquecer do professor Carlos André Silva de Moura, da Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), que me apresentou diversos autores, textos e orientações, em conversas particulares e durante o exame de qualificação e da defesa, levando-me a entender melhor a religião como fenômeno histórico e cultural. E, também, da professora Maria Lúcia Gnerre Abaurre, que muito gentilmente se dispôs a participar da defesa da dissertação e elaborou comentários importantes para uma revisão do trabalho. Agradeço a professora Emanuela de Souza Ribeiro, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), por sua preocupação para com os trabalhos que tinham por objeto a religião em nossa turma de mestrado. Gostaria de deixar registrado meu agradecimento ao professor Silas Guerriero, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP) que serviu de referência para mim e outros que pesquisaram o movimento Hare Krishna no Brasil. Sua obra, suas pontuações e questionamentos, tanto nas mensagens trocadas, quanto durante o exame de qualificação foram essenciais para os rumos que trilhamos na pesquisa. Sou também grato ao professor Kleber Fernando Rodrigues que durante a minha Especialização em História pela Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Caruaru (FAFICA) me apresentou as obras clássicas sobre o estudo da religião e me orientou com maestria na elaboração de uma monografia sobre o movimento Hare Krishna em Caruaru. Seus conselhos e sua personalidade continuam exercendo grande influência sobre mim e sobre esta pesquisa. Agradeço a meus colegas de trabalho, especialmente, Roberta Jane, Elisama e ao professor e historiador Romildo Lemos que com seu grande conhecimento sobre a historiografia me incentivou a enveredar pelos trilhos da história cultural. E, também, aos meus queridos amigos e amigas da turma do mestrado com quem aprendi muito e com quem sofri junto as dores e dificuldades de quem espera se superar, especialmente Rafaelle Custódia (parceira de todos os congressos), Juliana Leite, Elton Flor, Karina Ferreira e Cícero Filgueira. Essa pesquisa não poderia ter se realizado sem a ajuda de diversos membros da Sociedade Internacional para Consciência de Krishna (ISKCON): Antônio Ribeiro (Jagad Vichitra Das) e Ivan Ribeiro (Dhanvantari Swami) que forneceram documentos, informações e memórias sobre a ISKCON em Pernambuco; Lúcio Valera (Lokashaksi Das), pesquisador e fonte viva da história do movimento no Brasil; John Petson (Nanda Kumara Das), diretor da Bhaktivedanta Book Trust do Brasil que permitiu pesquisa nos arquivos da instituição; os membros da Ecovila Vraja Dhama que permitiram o acesso irrestrito ao acervo da ISKCON Norte e Nordeste, em Caruaru; e todos os membros da ISKCON Recife que forneceram diversas informações sobre sua história. Sem dúvida alguma, essa pesquisa não teria sido realizada sem o apoio incondicional de minha esposa, a historiadora e arqueóloga Angélica Pignata de Morais. Seu suporte, compreensão, inteligência e amor foram fundamentais para que essa pesquisa tivesse a possibilidade de ser realizada. A ela, minha eterna gratidão. RESUMO O movimento Hare Krishna chegou ao Brasil em 1973, através de membros da International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), instituição religiosa fundada em 1966, em Nova Iorque por Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Naquele mesmo ano, esse movimento religioso chegaria a Pernambuco trazendo consigo seus membros, crenças e práticas para o espaço público do estado e despertando a atenção das pessoas e dos jornais. Nesse trabalho de dissertação, analisamos alguns dos possíveis percursos que o movimento realizou durante a sua inserção em Pernambuco e de como teria se institucionalizado e propagado no estado, entre os anos de 1973 e 1996. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi entender algumas das práticas desenvolvidas por seus membros nesse período e como elas foram representadas em alguns dos jornais locais. Pudemos compreender que, dentro da conjuntura mais ampla do debate acerca dos “novos movimentos religiosos”, o Hare Krishna em Pernambuco foi classificado pela imprensa como “seita”, numa perspectiva que pretendia deslegitimar esse e outros grupos classificados como “seitas”, através de representações nos jornais. A contribuição teórica de autores como Michel de Certeau e Roger Chartier foi fundamental na maneira como conduzimos essa pesquisa. Palavras-chave: Movimento Hare Krishna; Novos movimentos religiosos; Pernambuco; Representações. ABSTRACT The Hare Krishna movement arrived in Brazil in 1973 through members of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), the religious institution founded in 1966 in New York by Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. In that same year, this religious movement would arrive in Pernambuco bringing with it its members, beliefs and practices for the public space of the state and despairing the attention of the people and the media. In this dissertation, we analyze some of the possible ways that the movement followed during its insertion in Pernambuco and how it was institutionalized and propagated in the state, between the years of 1973 and 1996. The main objective of this work is to understand some of the practices developed by its members in this period, and how they were represented in some of the local newspapers. We could realize that, in the broader context of the debate on the “new religious movements”, the Hare Krishna movement in Pernambuco was classified by the press as a "sect," in a perspective that sought to delegitimize this and other groups classified as "sects" through some kind of representations in the newspapers. The theoretical
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