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A Tbesis Submitted to the Faculty of Divinity for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy

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A Tbesis Submitted to the Faculty of Divinity for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy DR. JOHANNES MACCHAB^US John MacAlpin SCOTLAND'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE REFORMATION IN DENMARK .FREDERIK BREmHL PETERSEN, 1/U A., B. D. A tbesis submitted to the Faculty of Divinity for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH EDINBURGH, 1937. HMy Lord, yf ye will burne thame, except ye follow my counsall, ye will utterly destroy your selves. Iff ye will burne thame, lett thame / be brunt in iow sellarffsj for the reik of Maister Patrilf: Hammyltoun lies~" infected as many as it blew upo!nr* n (Knox, I, 42). - An intimate advice to Archbishop Beaton of St. Andrews after the Martyrdom of Patrick Hamilton. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION * - 1. The significance of the international character of the Rom. Cath. Church for the cause of the Reformation, p. i. - 2. Exiled Scottish Reformers at work for the Reformation in other lands, p. ii. - 3. Our study of the life and work of Dr. Hacchabeeus, p. iv. PART I. BEFORE DR. JOH. MACCHABMJS'S ARRIVAL IN DENMARK. CHAPTER I. PRIOR JOHN MACALPIN IN SCOTLAND, Ca. 1500-1534. 1 - 3S A. John MacAlpin's Birth, Name and Education, ca. 1500- 08.^1520: (pp. 1-7 ) 1. Name and place of birth, p. 1. - 2. Mem­ ber of a famous* clan, p. 1. - 3. Had the best teachers available, p. 2. - 4. Studied probably et St. Andrews University, p. 3. - 5. Significance of his stay at St. Andrews, p. 6. - B. At the Dominican Monastery at Perth, elected Prior. Ca. 1520-1534: (pp. Q . 13. 1. Joins the Dominican Order, ca. 1520, p. 8. - 2. The feme of the Dominican Monastery at Perth, p. 8. - 3. The Order and its rules, p. 9. -4. The reformation among the Domini- canal, plso at Perth, p. 1O. - 5. Significance of John MacAlpin f s election as Prior, p. 13, C. Reformation influences at work in Scotland at this time, 1525-1534: ( pp. 14 - 32 ) 1. Lutheran tracts in the country from 1526, p. 14. - 2. Patrick Hamilton's teaching, preaching and martyrdom, 1523-1528, p. 15. - 3. Sir David Lindsay f s poetic Satires, 1528- 1531, p. 20. - 4. The New Testament in the vernacular, p. 24. - 5. Epistles of Alexander Alesius, p. 25. - 6. Activity of reformed Friars and Clergy, p. 27. 7. The Condition of the Church in Scotland, p. 30. D. John MacAlpin's Conversion to Protestantism 1534: ( pp. 33 - 38 ) ' ' 1. The impact of Reformation influences, p. 33. - 2. Ills reaction tov-frcls the ceees of indictment before heresy tribunal, p. 34. - 3. The need of reform in the Church, p. 34. - 4. His persoiasal experience of Faith, the decisive factor, p. 35. ^ 5. The estab­ lishing of tribunal of heresy in 1834, p. 35. - 6. Prior John MacAlpin's indictment and escape into England, 1534, p. 37. - 7. A'Protestant Reformer, p. 38. CHAPTER II. JOHN MACALPIN IN ENGLAND, 1534 - 1539. 39-84 A. The religious situation in England into which John MacAlpin went; (...pp. 39 - |6) 1. Henry VIII»s break with the Papacy, p. 39. - 2. The eventful years of 1533- 1534, p. 40. - 3. Factors favorable to the Reformation in England at this time: a. Lol- lardy, p. 43. - b. Reformers at the Universi­ ties, p. 44. - c. Attitude of the King, of Cromwell and of the people, p. 44. - d. A num­ ber of the Bishops and other for the Refor­ mation, p. 46» B. John MacAlpin becomes Canon and Prebendary at the Salisbury Cathedral: (pp. 47 - 62 ) 1. Met with Alexander Alesius, p. 47. - 2. Significant change of regime at the Cathedral of Salisbury, 1535, p. 49. - 3. John Mac­ Alpin befriended by Cromwell and Bishop Shax- ton, p. 51. - 4. The Salisbury Cathedral Foun­ dation, p. 51. - 5. Vicar at the Cathedral, p. 53. - 6. Collated to the Prebend of Bishopstone, July 12, 1538, p. 54. - 7. The Canon-Prebendary's work, pi 55. - S. Another Scotsman: John M 1 Dowel at Salisbury in 1537, p. 57. - 9. John MacAlpin marries Agnethe Ma^thetsson, p. 58. p- 10. Rela­ tionship with Myles Coverdale and its signifi­ cance, p. 60. C. John MacAlpin»s Writings while in England^ 1. Critical works, p. 63. - 2. The tr^ct: (pp. 63-77 "De vere et felse ecclesia w , p. 63. - 3. The treatise: "De conjugio sacerdotum"; a. Mr - £ortance of this MS, p. 64. - b. Story of the MS, p. 65. - c. Authenticity of the treatise, p. 66. - d. When was it written?, p. 67. - e. John MacAlpin f s new surname, p. 68. 4. Content of wDe conjugio sacerdotum", p. 69. D. Clouds gather anew for John MacAlpin: (pp. 73 - 87) 1. The Progress of the English Reformation and the popular Reactions; .Ten.Articles, 1536, p. 78. - b. Catechism, 1537, p. 79. - c. Bible in the vernacular, 1536-1537, p. 79. - d. Acts for Dissolution of Monasteries, 1536 and 1538, p. 80. - e. The Pilgrimage of Grace, p. 80. 2. The Six Articles* Act, 1539, p. 81. -3. John MacAlpin end his wife leave for Continent, Summer of 1539, pp 83. CHAPTER III. JOHANNES MACCHABfiCTS IN GERMANY, 1540 - 1542. 85 - 12f A. At the University of Cologne, winter of 1539/40: (pp. 85-87) M 1. "Exhausting and wearisome journeys", p. 85. - 2. To Cologne, p. 85. - 3. Why did Macchabseus go to Cologne? p. 86. - 4. Becomes Bachelor of Theology, p. 86. B. Stops at Bremen on way to Y/ittenberg, Autumn of 1540: (pp. 88 - 97) 1. Significance of Stay at Cologne, p. 88. - 2. The Goai was Wittenberg, p. 89. - 3. Stops at Bremen, p. 39. - 4. Con- verbs first Spanish Protestant Martyr, p. 90. - 5. Arrives in Wittenberg, Nov. 1540, p. 91, - 6. How MecAlpin learned the fate and influence of his Spanish Convert, p. 93. C. The Continental Reformation and the work of the Reformers, 1539-1541: (pp. 95 - 106) 1. Daring 1539: a. Truce of Frankfort for 15 months, p. 95. - b. L-egotiations for al­ liance between England and Prot. Ge rmsray fail, p. 95. - c. Melanchthon desires unity between Evangelicals, p. 96. - d. Melanchthon ! s Will and its doctrinal significance, p. 97. 2. During 1540: a. The sad Bigamy case, sane- /tioned by the Reformers, p. 98. - b. Lelaoeh- .-:thon T s Confessio Variata, of 1540, and the Lord's Supper, p. 100. - c. Luther works on the revision of the German Bible, 1539-41, p. 102. - d. The reaction at V/ittenberg to Dr. Barnes Martyrdom in England, p. 102. 3. During 1541: a. Colloquies of V/orms and Re gens burg, Melanchthon ! s part, p. 103. - b. Climax of the Reformation reached, Prot@§tant- ism has dogmatic consciousness, p. 105. » c. Calvin in power at Geneva, p. 105. D. Johannes Macchabeeus »s life while st V/itten­ berg, Nov. 1540 - Befr. 1542: (pp. 107 - 112) 1. The cosmopolitan center, Vy'ittenberg, p. 107. - 2. I/iatriculated as Doctor, p. 108, - 3. Sharing friendship of Reformers and Scotsmen, p. 109. - 4. Ma^es definite acquaintance with the Loci Communes, p. 110. - 5. Offered and declines paition at Strassburg, 1541, p. 111. - 6. A Son, Christian, born on Christmas Day, 1541, p. 111. B. Called to Denmark by King Christian III: (pp. 113 - II?) 1. State of Reformation in Denmark, p. 113. - 2. Johannes Bugenhagen Pomeranua, advisor to Danish King, p. 114. - 3. The Negotiations for Macchabeeus ! s new position, p. 114. - 4. Receives call from the King, January 1542, p. 117. P. Promoted to Doctor of Theology, February 1542: (pp.118 - 133) 1. The Securing of the Doctorate at Witten­ berg, p. 118. - 2. The proclamation of Macchabeeus f s promotion to Doctor of Theology, p. 118. - 3. Mac- chabeeus^switb wife and child, leaves for Den­ mark with King's secretary, p. 121. - 4. Favorably received at Copenhagen, p. 121. - 5. Finally at place of life work, p. 122. PART II. DR. JOHANNES MACCHABjgJS'S WORK IN DENMARK. ~1542-1557. CHAPTER IV. THE ESTABLISHING OF THE DANISH REFORMATION AND THE WORK TO WHICH DR. MACCHAB3US WAS CALIED 124 - 157 A. The establishing of the Reformation in Den­ mark: (pp. 124 - 143) 1. The preliminary works: a. Places and leaders in the Reformation: In South Jutj: land, p. 125. - In Viborg, p. 125. - In Malm5, p. 126. - In Copenhagen, p. 128. b. The Attitude and the enactments of the Danish Royalty toward the cause of the Re­ formation: Chr. II., 1513-23, p. 13O. - Fred. I., 1523-1533, p. 130. - Chr. III., 1534-36, p. 132. c. The dethroning of the Roman Catholic Church in Denmark, 1526, p. 132. - 2. The for.-n.ql establishing of the Evangelical ©fcmrchei-a Den­ mark: a. The Supplication of the Evangelical preachers, p. 134. - b. The enactments of parliament, Oct. 1536: The Accusations against the Roman Catholic Bishops, p. 136.- The Recess and its content, p. 137. - c. General Church Council and the new Church Ordinance, p. 138. - d. The crowning of the King and the Consecration of the new evangelical superintendents (bishops) Aug. Sept., 1537,. p. 140. - 3. What was accomplished and what yet remained, p. 141. B. The University of Copenhagen and the work to which Dr. Macchabseus was called: (pp. 144 - 158) 1. The history of the university previous to the Heformation; p. Its founding in 1479, p. 144. - b. Its first instructors, from the Univ. of Cologne, p. 145. - c. Its celebrated scholastic Theologian, a Scotsman, p. 146. - d. Out of touch with the New Learning, p. 146. - 6. Ceases its work in 1533, p. 147. 2. The refounding of the University in 1537, after the Reformations a.
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