VOLUME 60, NUMBER 3 143

Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 60(3), 2006, 143–148

A NEW SPECIES OF AURATONOTA (: : ) FORMERLY CONFUSED WITH A. HYDROGRAMMA (MEYRICK)

JOHN W. B ROWN Systematic Entomology Laboratory, P.S.I., Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012 Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT. Auratonota pharata, new species, is described and illustrated from Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, and French Guiana. The species is most similar to A. hydrogramma (Meyrick), with which it formerly was confused. It can be distinguished superficially from the latter by the absence of the narrow pale curved band beyond the distal end of the discal cell of the forewing. The male genitalia of the new species differ by a slightly expanded, dorsally convex, and ventrally flattened distal portion of the uncus. The female genitalia possess numerous short curved bands of 5–6 microtrichia around a larger single seta set in a shallow pit on the surface of the middle of the papillae anales compared with the more semicircular bands of microtrichia nearly surrounding the seta in A. hydrogramma. A survey of wing coupling in numerous gen- era of Chlidanotini and revealed that the female frenulum consists of two bristles usually separated throughout their length in all representatives examined in these two tribes; three bristles are present in females of most other Tortricidae. This character state represents an additional putative synapomorphy uniting those two tribes. RESUMEN. Auratonota pharata, especie nueva, es descrita e ilustrada de Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela y Guyana Francesa. Este especie es mas similar a A. hydrogramma (Meyrick), con la cual ha sido con tundida. Puede ser identificada de una manera superficial de esta última por la ausencia de una banda curva fina clara detras de la portedistal de la celda discal de las alas anteriores. La genitalia del macho de la nueva especie puede ser distinguida por la presencia en la partediscal del uncus de una area ligeramente expandida, convexa dorsalmente y plana ven- tralmente. La genitalia de la hembra puede ser distinguida por la presencia de numerosas bandas curvas cortas de 5–6 espinas pequenas arriba de una sola seta en media superficie de los papillae anales en comparación con bandas más semicirculares de espinas pequeñas casi rodeando la seta en A. hydrogramma. Additional key words: Systematics, genitalia, morphology, Costa Rica, Central America, Venezuela, French Guiana, inventory, Chlidan- otini, frenulum

Auratonota Razowski is the largest and most diverse were captured using a Microptics digital camera system in Chlidanotini (Tortricidae: Chlidanotinae) with and enhanced using Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator 30 described species (Razowski & Becker 2000, Brown software. Terminology for genital structures follows 2005) and numerous undescribed species present in Horak (1984). The following institutional abbreviations collections. The genus is restricted to the New World are used for the deposition of specimens examined: tropics, ranging from Mexico and the Caribbean (Cuba, AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New Dominica) south through Brazil. York, New York, U.S.A.; BMNH = The Natural History A previously undescribed species of Auratonota has Museum, London, United Kingdom; INBio = Instituto been concealed in entomological collections for many Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, years under the name A. hydrogramma (Meyrick). The Costa Rica; UCB = Essig Museum of Entomology, similarity of the new species to A. hydrogramma in size, University of California, Berkeley, USA; and USNM = forewing pattern, and genitalia, along with their National Museum of Natural History, Washington, geographic sympatry, have combined to inhibit their D.C., U.S.A. recognition. The two species can be separated by a subtle feature of the forewing pattern, but recently Auratonota pharata Brown, new species discovered features of the male and female genitalia (Figs. 2, 4, 5) provide convincing evidence that they are indeed Diagnosis. Among described species of Auratonota, distinct and diagnosable. The purpose of this paper is to A. pharata is most similar to A. hydrogramma in name, describe, and illustrate the new species. This forewing pattern, size, and genitalia. However, the latter work was stimulated, in part, by the desire to associate is superficially distinguishable from all described scientific names with morpho-species collected during congeners, including A. pharata, by the presence of a the NSF-funded ALAS ( of La Selva, Costa slender, pale, arched fascia in the subterminal region of Rica) project in order to more easily discuss differences the forewing that roughly parallels the apical half of the and similarities among the tortricid faunas of transect termen, intersecting the costa subapically (Fig. 1); the sites (at different elevations) sampled over the course of fascia is lacking in A. pharata (Fig. 2). The male the project (1993–2005). genitalia of A. pharata can be distinguished from those Dissection methodology followed that presented in of A. hydrogramma by the shape of the distal one- Brown and Powell (1991). Images of adults and genitalia fourth of the uncus: attenuate and apically pointed in A. 144144 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY hydrogramma (Fig. 3); slightly broadened, convex with narrow row of 5–6 long setae on each side; ductus bursae broadest at ostium, narrowed at about 0.2 distance from ostium to dorsally, and flattened ventrally in A. pharata (Fig. 4). corpus bursae, then nearly uniform in width to junction with corpus The female genitalia are extremely similar in both but bursae; corpus bursae, large, pear-shaped sac, junction with ductus can be distinguished by a subtle feature of the papillae bursae slightly anterior of posteriormost end, signum a patch of 30–35 slender, slightly curved spines originating from sclerotized plate near anales. In A. pharata microtrichia on the internal, middle of corpus; ductus seminalis from posteriormost end of corpus middle portion of the papillae anales are arranged in bursae near junction of corpus bursae and ductus bursae; a frail short, slightly curved bands of 5–6 immediately dorso- accessory bursae from a long, slender ductus originating just anterad of signum. posterad of a small, pale-colored pit from which arises a Holotype. Male: Costa Rica, Estacion Biologica La Selva, Puerto single larger seta (Fig. 5). In A. hydrogramma Viejo de Sarapiqui, 50–150 m, 10º26'N, 84º01W, 7 Feb 2002, Wagner, microtrichia are arranged in circular or semicircular Rota & Kawahara (INBio). Paratypes (24m, 3f). BRITISH GUIANA: Potaro River, bands of 8–9 nearly surrounding a more rounded pit Anundubaru, 2000', Jan 1928 (1m) (AMNH). COSTA RICA: Heredia (Fig. 6). Auratonota pharata also is similar superficially Province: Estacion Biologica La Selva, 10º26'N, 84º01'W, 50–150 m, to A. aporema (Dognin), described from Colombia, but Jan 1998 (1f), INBio-OET, J. Powell (UCB), 8–25 Mar 1999 (1m), 22–31 Mar 2001 (1f), Wagner & Rota, 7 Feb 2002 (1m), Wagner, Rota has a considerably smaller forewing length (mean 11.9 & Kawahara (INBio); Ciebo, 11 km ESE La Virgen, 250–350 m, mm for pharata vs. 15.9 for aporema) and lacks the 10º21'N, 84º01'W, 18 Mar 2004 (1m) (INBio); 10 km SE La Virgen, yellow-gold scaling of the forewing pattern elements of 450–550 m, 10 20N, 84 05W, 17 Mar 2003 (2m), 19 Mar 2003 (1m), 22 Mar 2003 (1m), INBio-OET-ALAS transect (INBio). Limón Province: A. aporema; the latter feature is more characteristic of Cerro Tortuguero, P.N. Tortuguero, 0–120 m, Oct 1989 (1m), J. Solano members of Pseudocomotis Brown (Chlidanotini), with (INBio), Jul 1991 (1m), J. Solano (INBio), Jul 1993 (1m), R. Delgado which A. aporema is more similar superficially. (INBio); Sector Cerro Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas, 150 m, Aug 1991 Description. Head: Vertex rough scaled, mostly pale cream with a (2m), E. Rojas (INBio). Unknown Province: Carchi [possibly Sarchi, few pale cream-brown scales; frons smooth scaled, pale cream white; Alajuela Province], [no date] (1m), Wm. Schaus (USNM). FRENCH labial paplus relatively slender, short, length (all segments combined) GUIANA: St. Jean, Maroni, [no date] (2m), Wm. Schaus (USNM); Rio ca. 1.2 times horizontal diameter of compound eye, brown externally, Maroni, [no date] (1m), Le M[oult] (USNM). PANAMA: Canal Zone, pale cream on inner surface; antenna thickened, with setae extremely Barro Colorado Island, 17 Sep 1941 (1f), J. Zetek (USNM). short, inconspicuous (typical of Chlidanotini). Thorax: Dorsum VENEZUELA: Aragua: Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 16–23 Oct 1966 clothed in reddish-brown scales, anterior and posterior regions with (3m), 24–31 Oct 1966 (1m), 1–5 Nov 1966 (1m), S. S. & W. D. considerable scattered white and pale brown scales; tegula pale Duckworth (USNM), 15–21 Jun 1967 (1m), 22–31 Aug 1967 (1m), R. brown, with variably expanded patch of long scales posteriorly, W. Poole (USNM). frequently expressed as an erect scale patch in both sexes. Legs Distribution and Biology. Auratonota pharata is unmodified; no hairpencil or secondary scale patches in male. Forewing length 11.5–12.9 mm (×-— = 11.9; n = 10) in male, 12.2–14.1 recorded from Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, British mm (—× = 13.1; n = 2) in female; costa nearly straight, apex obtuse, Guiana, and French Guiana. Although it appears to be a termen slightly convex, rather oblique; ground color ferruginous, with species of the lowlands (i.e., below 500 m), it has been light silvery-gray reticulations formed by irregular interrupted streaks on veins and a series of indistinct transverse fascia crossing them, recorded on several occasions at Rancho Grande, scattered with iridescent green scales in interspaces (the green scales Venezuela, at 1100 m and once in British Guiana from inconspicuous on flight worn specimens); basal portion from near base 660 m. During a multi-year survey in Costa Rica along to ca. 0.66 distance to apex largely suffused with blackish brown between the reticulations; a small, ill-defined, irregularly-shaped, an elevation transect, specimens were collected at ferruginous spot near distal end of discal cell bordered basally by a 50–150 m (n = 4), 250–350 m (n = 1), and 450–550 m (n narrow bluish silvery-gray line; termen uniform red-brown; fringe = 4), with none recorded from 1000, 1500, or 2000 m. olive-ferruginous [lacking in most specimens examined]. Hindwing uniform dark brown, fringe concolorous; female frenulum with two Adults have been recorded in January through March, bristles separated throughout their length. Abdomen: Dark brown. and June through November. Male genitalia (Fig. 4; image of JWB slide 806, Costa Rica; n = 6) with A female collected by J. Powell in January 1998 at La uncus strong, long, mostly rod-shaped, slightly broader at base, curved near middle, slightly expanded in distal 0.25 with dorsum convex and Selva, Costa Rica was confined in a plastic vial where it venter flattened or weakly concave; socius moderately short, broad, laid several huge, bulky eggs, 3.3 × 2.8 mm, ca. 10 times subrectangular, clothed in long, fine scales; hami long, ca. 0.75 times the size of comparable-sized tortricine females (J. length of uncus, weakly attenuate from base to tip, distal 0.1 bent dorsally; gnathos extremely reduced, lateral arms membranous, mesal Powell, pers. comm.). First instars likewise were large, portion inconspicuous; valva large, broad, expanding distally, distal 2.8–3.0 mm in length. Various leaves, synthetic diet, and 0.75 covered with fine, long setae, costa sclerotized; transtilla a simple, raw carrot were offered to the larva; the last has been narrow band; juxta a broad, shield-like plate; saccus well developed, narrow, attenuate distally; aedeagus short, stout, mostly straight, used successfully with other “borers” such as slightly curved at phallobase, a tiny scobinate patch of small setae on Hepialidae. The only feeding was by one larva on the each side near distal end, vesica with small linear patch of carrot, and it ceased to feed before reaching second sclerotization. Female genitalia (Fig. 5; image of USNM slide 95264, Panama; n = 3) with papillae anales large, bearing numerous tiny, instar. weakly curved lateral bands of spines in middle portion, which are Etymology. The specific epithet is from the word situated immediately dorso-posterad of a small pale-colored pit from “pharate,” meaning cloaked or hidden. which a single seta arises; perimeter and basal portions of papillae anales with much larger setae arising from elongate, warty bases; sterigma simple, weakly sclerotized, ventral posterior edge of ostium Auratonota hydrogramma (Meyrick, 1912) VOLUME 60, NUMBER 3 145

(Figs. 1, 3, 6) m, Dec 1993 (1m), Nov 1993 (1m), E. Rojas; Finca de E. Rojas, Sector m m m Cnephasia hydrogramma Meyrick, 1912: 683. Cerro Cocori, 150 m, Sep 1993 (1 ), Apr 1991 (1 ), Aug 1991 (1 ), E. Rojas; Cerro Tortuguero, P.N. Tortuguero, 100 m, Apr 1989 (1m), R. Eulia hydrogramma: Clarke, 1958: 128. Aguilar & J. Solano, Jan 1993 (1m), R. Delgado. Puntarenas Province: Auratonota hydrogramma: Razowski, 1987: 62; Brown, Estacion Esquinas, Peninsula de Oso, 0–200 m, Feb 1993 (4m), Sep m m m f m 1990: 156; Powell et al. 1995: 151; Razowski & 1993 (2 ), Oct 1993 (1 ), Aug 1993 (1 , 1 ), May 1993 (1 ), J. Quesada, Feb 1993 (2m), Mar 1994 (1m), 1 Apr 1993 (1m) M. Segura, Becker, 2000: 1151; Brown, 2005: 144. Jan 1993 (1m), G. Fonseca; Est. Esquinas, Peninsula de Osa, 200 m, Aug 1993 (1m), J. Quesada (INBio); Bosque Esquinas, Peninsula de m m m Auratonota hydrogramma was described from a Oso, 200 m, Jan 1993 (1 ), Apr 1993 (2 ), J. Quesada, Mar 1994 (1 ), M. Segura; Albergue Cerro de Oro, 150 m, 30 Aug 1995 (1m), L. single specimen from Dutch Guiana (= Surinam) Angulo; Estacion Sirena, P.N. Corcovado, 0–100 m, Jan 1993 (1m), (BMNH). The adult and male genitalia of the holotype Nov 1989 (1m), Jul 1991 (1m), Jun 1990 (1m), Jun 1993 (1m), G. m m are figured by Clarke (1958); Razowski & Becker (2000) Fonseca, 1–19 Aug 1980 (1 ), 10–12 Aug 1980 (2 ), 5–11 Jan 1981 (1m), D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, Aug 1991 (2m), J. C. Saborio; Golfito, provided a color illustration of an adult and line R.V.S. Golfito, Sector El Tajo, 15 May 2002 (1m), M. Moraga; Rancho drawings of the male and female genitalia. Based on Quemado, Peninsula de Oso, 200 m, Oct 1991 (1m), Oct 1991 (1m), m material in several museum collections (AMNH, Nov 1990 (1 ), F. Quesada; Cerro de Oro, 200 m, 26–30 May 1995 (1m), E. Phillips (all INBio). Unknown Province: Sixola River, [no BMNH, INBio, USNM), it has been recorded from date] (1m) (USNM). ECUADOR: Pichincha, Tinalandia, 16 km E Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, French Guiana, British Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 600 m, 5–11 May 1990 (1m), R. Guiana, and Ecuador and at many of the same localities Leuschner (USNM). FRENCH GUIANA: St. Jean, Maroni, [no date] (4m), Wm. Schaus (USNM), [no month] 1926 (m, paralectotype), as A. pharata (e.g., Costa Rica, Estacion Biologica La LeM[oult] (USNM); Piste de la Montagne des Singes, km 10, 5º05'N, Selva; Panama, Barro Colorado Island; French Guiana, 52º42'W, 8 Jan 1985 (1m), J.-F. Landry (USNM); Godebert-Maroni, m St. Jean, Rio Maroni). Razowski & Becker (2000) [no date] (1 ), Collection Le Moult (USNM); Saint-Jean du Maroni, [no date] (1f), Janvier (USNM). PANAMA: Canal Zone: Barro reported it from Brazil. As is the case in A. pharata, A. Colorado Island, 1–9 May 1964 (5m), 25–28 Mar 1965 (2m), W. D. & S. hydrogramma appears to be a species of the lowlands, S. Duckworth (USNM), 11 Mar 1941 (1m), J. Zetek, [no date] (m), J. m m rarely collected above 600 m. During the multiple-year Zetek (USNM), 21 Mar 1933 (1 ) (AMNH), 19–22 Jul 1951 (1 ), R. M. Laughlin (AMNH), 14 Feb 1936 (1m) (AMNH); Navy Res. nr. transect surveys of the ALAS project in Costa Rica Gamboa, 29 Mar 1965 (1m), S. S. & W. D. Duckworth (USNM). (1993–2005), A. hydrogramma was collected only at the 50–150 m elevation site. DISCUSSION Auratonota hydrogramma can be distinguished In most tortricids, the setae of the papillae anales superficially from all other congeners by the presence of arise from variably sized, papillose protuberances. In A. a narrow, curved, pale fascia in the apical region of the hydrogramma and A. pharata these protuberances are forewing. The male genitalia (Fig. 3, image of USNM present only around the perimeter of the papillae slide 84889, Panama; n = 6) are slightly smaller and anales, with most of the papillae anales bearing short, have a slightly broader base of the saccus than those of thin setae from weakly depressed pits bordered by a A. pharata; but the most conspicuous feature that straight or curved row of microtrichia. This unusual distinguishes the two species is the pointed tip of the arrangement of setae also is present in A. petalocrossa uncus of A. hydrogramma. The papillae anales (Fig. 6, and is suspected to occur in A. aporema—these four image of JWB slide 745, Costa Rica; n = 2) of A. species are all similar in size, forewing markings, and hydrogramma also have the tiny curved bands of structures of the male genitalia. These features are microtrichia described above for A. pharata, but in A. easily observed using a dissecting microscope because hydrogramma the bands are more semicircular and of the large size of the . In Auratonota dominica nearly surround a rounded, pale-colored pit. Even Brown there is a similar configuration of setae but at a though only two females of each species were examined, much smaller scale, requiring observation using a these differences appear to be consistent. compound scope. Similar arrangements of setae appear Holotype m, Dutch Guiana [Surinam], Paramaribo, Aug 1892 (BMNH). to be lacking in other Chlidanotini genera examined, Additional specimens examined: BRITISH GUIANA: Bartica leading to the possibility that it is a feature unique to District, Kartabo, 2 Apr 1926 (1m) (AMNH). COLOMBIA: Dept. Auratonota. Valle, Anchicaya, 600 m, 76º 53'W, 3º 33'N, 20–24 Jan 1992 (1m), J. B. Sullivan (USNM). COSTA RICA: Cartago Province: Turrialba, 13–17 The structure of the frenulum in the female of A. Mar 1965 (1f), S. S. & W. D. Duckworth (USNM). Heredia Province: pharata, with two distinct bristles clearly separated at Finca La Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, 50 m, 6–9 Mar 1985 (1m), their base, is somewhat unusual in Tortricidae where D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs (USNM); La Selva Biological Station, 10º26'N, 84º01'W, Jan 1998, INBio-OET, J. Powell (UCB),18 Feb the female frenulum typically consists of three bristles, 2003 (1f), 27 Feb 2003 (1m), 28 Feb 2003 (1m), D. Wagner (INBio); usually coalesced basally. A two-bristled frenulum was Estacion Magassay, P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 200 m, Feb 1991 (1f), M. hypothesized by Komai (1999) to represent a Barrelier. Limón Province: Rio Sardinas, R.N.F.S. Barra del Colorado, 18–29 Feb 1993 (1m), F. Araya; 30 km N Cariari, Sector Cocori, 100 syanpomorphy for Herrich-Schäffer and 146146 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY

FIGS. 1-2. Adults of Auratonota. 1, A. hydrogramma, 2, A. pharata. FIGS. 3-4. Male genitalia of Auratonota, with valve spread and aedeagus remove (inset of uncus). 3, A. hydrogramma, 4, A. pharata. VOLUME 60, NUMBER 3 147

FIGS. 5-6. Female genitalia of Auratonota, with inset of details of papillae anales. 5, A. pharata, 6, A. hydrogramma. 148148 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY

Andrioplecta Obraztsov (), and more LITERATURE CITED recently Brown and Baixeras (2006) discussed its Brown, J. W. 1990. New species and first U.S. record of Auratonota distribution among species of several genera of (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Florida Entomologist 73: 153–157. Brown, J. W. 2005. World Catalogue of 5. Lepidoptera: Tortri- Grapholitini. However, to my knowledge it previously cidae. Apollo Books. 741 pp. has not been reported in Chlidanotinae. A survey of Brown, J. W. & J. Baixeras. 2006. Macrocydia divergens, a new genus various (but not all) genera within that subfamily and species of Grapholitini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreuti- nae) from Central America. Zootaxa 1200: 1–6. revealed that all Hilarographini and Chlidanotini Brown, J. W. & J. A. Powell. 1991. Systematics of the Chrysoxena examined have a female frenulum that consists of two group of genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Euliini). University of bristles, potentially representing an additional California Publication Entomology 111. 87 pp. + figs. Clarke, J. F. G. 1958. Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Microlepi- synapomorphy for that putative sister-group pair. Its doptera in the British Museum (Natural History) Described by distribution is less consistent within where Edward Meyrick, Volume 3. Trustees of the British Museum, females of Polyortha Dognin, Ardeutica Meyrick, London. 600 pp. Horak, M. 1984. Assessment of taxonomically significant structures Lopharcha Diakonoff, and Cnephasitis Razowski have in Tortricinae (Lep., Tortricidae). Mitteilungen der Schweiz- two bristles and those of Meyrick, erischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 57: 3 64. Guenée, Chlorortha Razowski, Ebodina Diakonoff, and Komai, F. 1999. A taxonomic review of the genus and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic region. Lypothora Razowski have three; it is variable among Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 55: 1–226. females of Razowski. Meyrick, E. 1912. Descriptions of South American Microlepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1911: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 673–718. Powell, J. A., J. Razowski, and J. W. Brown. 1995. Tortricidae: Tortric- I thank the following for allowing me to examine material in inae, Chlidanotinae, pp. 138–151. In: Heppner, J. B. (ed.), Atlas their care: Eugenie Phillips (formerly INBio), Jerry Powell of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Checklist Part II: Hyblaeoidea – (UCB), Kevin Tuck (BMNH), and Randall Schuh (AMNH). I Pyraloidea – Tortricoidea. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, thank Marie Metz, USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. Washington, D.C., for preparing the illustrations and plates. The Razowski, J. 1987. Neotropical Chlidanotini (Lepidoptera: Tortrici- following provided helpful reviews of the manuscript: Ronald dae). Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Biological Sci- Ochoa, USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville, ences 35: 61–71. Laryland; Thomas Henry, USDA, Systematic Entomology Lab- Razowski, J. and V. O. Becker. 2000. A review of the New World oratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, Chlidanotini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Revista Brasileira de Zo- D.C., USA; Józef Razowski, Polish Academy of Sciences, Insti- ologia 16 (1999): 1149–1182. tute of Systematic Zoology, Krakow, Poland; Richard Brown, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA; and Jerry Received for publication 8 September 2005; revised and accepted 13 Powell, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. April 2006 Field work in Costa Rica was supported by NSF grant LTLSI/ALAS IV, a long-term, large-scale inventory of rainforest arthropods, through John Longino, Evergreen State University, Olympia, Washington.