A GUIDE TO ~~ HERITAGE .. A Recommended Reading C The Canberra Gardener. ACT Horticultural Society 'C, GARDEN (ninth Edition) 2004. 'S! Trees & Shrubs in Canberra. L D. Pryor & J. C. ~~ G. Banks. Little Hills Press 1991 . ~ 't-Q PLANTS ~ G Australian Plants for Canberra Region Gardens • and other cool climate areas. Australian Native Plant Society (4th edition) 2001 . ~ A Guide to Heritage Garden Plants. Catherine (:j Kiernan. ACT Heritage Council . &-:1 ~'9. «, ~ $' Enquiries ~D .s,.. <.; ~ ('5~ ACT Heritage Unit GPO Box 158 ~'9. ~ Macarthur House Canberra, ACT 2601 12 Wattle SI ~ Lyneham ACT 2602 (ph) 6207 9777 (fax) 6207 5715 T' ...-t,nnlogy

This project was assisted through funding made available by the ACT Government under the ACT Heritage Grants Program.

© Australian Capital Territory Government 2007 Published by ACT Heritage INTRODUCTION WEEDY HERITAGE SPECIES There is an increasing awareness in Canberra of our heritage suburbs, and of the The following are heritage species that have desirability of using plant species and escaped and naturalised. They are no longer having garden styles appropriate to the period recommended for planting and most are prohibited in which the house was built. species in the ACT. Canberra's suburban growth commenced in 1927. The streetscapes and gardens Common Name Species Name were heavily influenced by the Garden City Acacia baiJeyana Cootamundra Wattle movement from the UK, and the work of Acer negundo Box Elder Canberra's early designers Walter Burley Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Alnus glutinosa Black Alder Griffin, TCG Weston and Sir John Su lman. Celtis australis Nettle Tree Wide grassed verges, clipped hedges (not front The following lists are a guide to help with the Cotoneaster franchettii Cotoneaster fences) and front gardens were key features in selection of some suitable plants for early Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Grey-leaved Cotoneaster Cotoneaster pannosus front of the house. Canberra gardens. All the species are Cotoneaster Cotoneaster salicifolius Willow-leaf Cotoneaster The back gardens were regarded as being more hardy, requiring minimum watering and Cotoneaster simonsii Cotoneaster private, with less formality and with an emphasis fertilising to perform well. Al l should Cytisus spp. (all species) Broom on productivity such as fruit and vegetables as be readily available ' at local nurseries. Genista spp. (all species) Broom Some of the earliest used species have become Hedera helix English Ivy well as cut flowers for the house. Ligustrum lucidum Broad-leaf Privet Grass was used extensively, but lawns were weeds, so a separate listing of the species that Ligustrum sinense Small-leaf Privet generally of "dryland" grass species, as should not be planted is included. None of these Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle sophisticated watering systems were not plants are likely to be available from nurseries. Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthom Phyllostachys aurea available. Watered lawns and garden beds Yellow Bamboo Populus alba White Poplar were kept to minimum, of necessity. With the Populus nigra 'Italiea' Lombardy Poplar potential for future water shortages, we Pyracantha angustjfolia Firethorn should again aim for minimum garden water Pyracantha coccinea Searlet Firethorn Pyracantha fortuneana Firethorn consumption for water conservation reasons. Pinus radiata Monterey Pine, There are garden styles which correspond to Radiata Pine different periods and influences. Today we can Robinia pseudoacacia False Acacia choose from our knowledge of these different Salix spp: all species except styles, and the wider selection of avail able Salix babylonica Weeping Willow Salix x calodendron Pussy Willow plants, to create our own gardens to suit our Salix x reicharcitii Sterile Pussy Willow lifestyles, tastes and budgets. In early Canberra Sorb us spp Service Tree, Rowan gardens however, some design concepts would Spartium junceum Spanish Broom Toxicodendron succedaneum Rhus Tree be out of place in the front garden. A few notable Ulex europaeus Gorse examples are bush gardens, rockeries and large Vinca major Periwinkle areas of paving. · -

DECIDUOUS EVERGREEN EVERGREEN TREES (over 6m) TREES (over 6m) SHRUBS (under 6m)

# Austra lia n nat ive s pecies # Australian nativ e species Species Na m e CQmmQn Name ~Q:§:&:i§:~ Na me Common Name .!i§lst!l Species Na m e CQmm on Name ~ J::!giqhl Acer platanoides Norway Maple 10m #Acacia melanoxylon Black Wattle 10m Abelia X grandiflora Abelia 2m Betula pendula Silver Birch 15m Arbutus unedo Irish StrawbelT)' Tree 7m Aueuba japonica Gold Dust laurel 2m Cereis silaqastrum Judas Tree 8m #Callitris endlicheri Black Cypress Pine 15m #Banksia ericifolia Heath Banksia 3m Elaeagnus angus/ifolis Russian Olive 8m. #Callitris rhOmboidea Oyster Bay Pine 9m #Bauera rubioides River Dog Rose 1m Fraxinus angus/ifo/ia Desert Ash 12m Cupressus sempeNirens Roman Cypress 12m Camelia spp. Camellia various 'Raywood' 'Stricta' #Callistemon spp Bottlebrushes 1-4m Jug/ans nigra Black Walnut 14m Eriobotrya japoniea loquat 9m Daphne odora Winter Daphne 1m Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree 8m #Eucalyptus moorei Narrow-leaf Sallee 7m Escallonia macrantha Common Escallonia 3m. Lagerstromia indica Crepe myrtle 7m #Eucalyptus stellulata Black Sallee 15m Euonymus japonica Japanese Spindle Tree 3-4m Liquidambar styraciflua Uquidamber 18m #E. leucoxylon Yellow Gum 7m Feijoa sellowiana Pineapple Guava 4m Maclura pomifera Osage Orange 10m 'Macrocarpa' #Hakea eriantha Tree Hakea 4m Malus halliana Crab Apple 8m #Eucalyptus paucinora Snow Gum 15m Juniperus sabina Savin Juniper 1m Malus ionensis 'Plena' CrabApple 8m Garrya elliptiea Silk Tassel Bush 7m Juniperus horizon/a/is Creeping Juniper O.5m Malus X purpurea CrabApple 10m Pinus patula MexiCan yellow Pine 8m #Leptospermum Manuka 2m Melia azederach White Cedar 10m Prunus laurocerasus ChelT)' laurel 8m scoparium Prunus X b/ireiana Cherry Plum 3.5m Prunus lusitaniea Portugal laurel 8m Lophomyrlus communis Myrtle 1m Prubusmume Flowering Apricot 8m Quercusilex Holly Oak 15m Michelia figo Port Wine Magnolia 3m Prunus persica Ornamental peach 3.5m Quercus suber Cort Oak 15m #MicromyrlUS ciliata Fringed Heath-myrtle 1m Pyrus ussuriensis Manchurian Pear 12m Thuja orientalis Chinese Arbor-vitae 7m #Myoporom p8Nifolium Creeping Boobialla prost. Sophora japonica Pagoda Tree 15m Myrlus communis Common Myrtle 3m Tilea X europaea European Linden 25m Nerium Oleander Oleander 4m Ulmus g/abra Wych Elm 14m #a/earis ph/ogopappa Dusly Daisy Bush 2m Ulmus parvifolia Chinese Elm 15m #philotheca myoporoides Waxflower 1.2m NONNATIVE Phormium tenax New Zealand Flax 1.5m Photinia g/abra Japanese Photinia 4m Photinia serratifo/ia Chinese Photinia 4m #Prostanthera ovalifo/ia Purple Mint Bush 2m CUMBERS Punica granatum 'Nana' Dwarf Pomegranate 1m AUSTRALIAN NATIVE Species Name Common Name Vigor Raphio/epis indica Indian Hawthorn 2.5m #Rhagodia spinescens Saltbush 1m Clematismontana rubens Pink Clematis vigorous var de/tophylla Gelsemium sempeNirens Carolina Jessamine vigorous CUMBERS Rhododendron spp Rhododendron various Jasminum officinale Common Jasmine moderate Rosmarinus officina/is Rosemary 1m Parthenocissus Virginia Creeper vigorous Vibumum linus laurustinus 4m quinquefolia #Westringia fruticosa Coastal Rosemary 1.5m Seecies Name CQmmSm ~ ~m!:; ~ Rosa spp Rose (ramblers) moderate #Clematis arislala Old Mans Beard moderate Trachelospermum Star jasmine moderate #Clematis mierophylla Old Mans Beard moderate jasminoides #Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine moderate Vitis X vinifera Ornamental Grape vigorous Wisteria noribunda Wisteria vigorous Wisteria sinensis Wisteria vigorous D ECIDUOUS TALL Low, SUPPORTED SHRUBS (under 6m) HEDGE SPECIES HEDGE SPECIES

Species Name Common Name Height The height ranges provided for the following hedging The height ranges provided for the following hedging species are their mature heights. With trimming the Budd/eia davidii Butterfly Bush 3.5m species are their mature heights, With trimming the Chanomeles speciosa Japanese Flowering 2m species can be kept smaller and more compact. species can be kept smaller and more compact. Quince (C) requires clipping; (I) informal; (C) requires clipping; (I) informal; Chinonanthus praecox Wintersweet 4m # Australian native species. # Australian native species. Comus florida Dogwood 6m Cotinus coggyria Smoke Bush 4m Common Name Species Name Common Name Species Name Exochorda racemosa Pearl Bush 3m "Tall hedge plants (over 1.5m)" Forsythia viridissima Yellow Bell 3m *Low hedge plants (to 1.5m)* Hamamelis mollis Chinese Witch Hazel 1.5m "Abetia X grandiflora Glossy Abelia (C) 2m Buxus sempervirens English Box (I,C) 2m Hibiscus syriacus Syrian Hibiscus 2-3m #Callistemon sieberi River Botuebrush (I, C) 2m Co/eonema pulchrum Diosma (C) 1,5m Kem"s japonica Japanese Rose 1m #Callistemon subulatus Bottlebrush (I, C) 2m Hebe 'Blue Gem' Veronica (I, C) 1.5m Kolkwitzia amabilis Chinese Beauty Bush 2m #Callistemon Bottlebrush (I,C) 2m Lonicera niUda Box-leaf 1m Lonicera fragrantissima Winter Honeysuckle 2m 'Captain Cook' Honeysuckle (C) Philadephus X virginalis Mock Orange 2m #Callistemon citrinus Crim~on Bottlebrush (I, C) 2m Punica granatum Dwarf Pomegranate (C) 1m Punica granatum Dwarf Pomegranate 1m (forms) 'Nana' Ribes sanguineum Flowering Currant 1.5m Chaenomeles speciosa Japanese Flowering 2m #Rhadodia sp;nescens Saltbush (I) 1m Sambucus nigra Elderberry 5m Quince (C) Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary (C) 1m Spirea cantoniensis Reeves Spirea 2m Choisia temala Mexican Orange (I) 3m #Westringia fruticosa Coastal 1.5m Symphoricarpus a/bus $nowberry 1m Cupressus sp Cypress various Rosemary (I, C) Syringa vulgaris lilac 3m Esca/Ionia macrantha Common Escallonia (C) 3m Tamarix chinensis Tamarisk 3m Euonymus japonica Japanese Spindle Tree (C) 4m Vibumum X burkwoodii Viburnum 3m Elaeagnus pungens Thorny Elaeagnus (C) 2m "Climbing hedges needing support" Vitex agnus-caslus Chaste Tree 6m Feijoa sel/owana Pineapple Guava (I) 4m Muehlenbeckia camp/exa Necklace Vine (C ) 1.5m weigetia florida Weigelia 3m #Grevillea victoriae Royal Grevillea (I , C) 2m Jasminum officina/a Common Jasmine (C) 1.5m #Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree (I, C) 3m #Leptospermum nitidum Tea-tree (I, C) 2m #Mela/euca decussata Cross leaf Myrtle (I,C) 2-3m Photinia glabra 'Rubens' Japanese Photinia cv. (C) 4m Photinia glabra 'Robusta' Japanese Pholinia cv. (C) 4m Pittosporum eugenioides Ta rata (C) 12m Vibumus linus Laurustinus (C) 4m