1 AMPHIBIA: ANURA: Craugastor omoaensis

Catalogue of American and Reptiles 917.

McCranie, J. R. 2018. Craugastor omoaensis.

Craugastor omoaensis (McCranie and Wilson) Sierra de Streamside

Eleutherodactylus milesi: Schmidt 1933:18 (in part). Eleutherodactylus milesi / Population System: Figure 1. Adult female in the series MVZ McCranie et al. 1989:487 (in part). 128749–752 of Craugastor omoaensis from ~10 Eleutherodactylus omoaensis McCranie and airline km WSW of San Pedro Sula, Cortés, Hon- Wilson 1997:155. Type locality, “from duras. Photograph taken by the late J. F. Lynch on about 10 airline km WSW San Pedro Sula 9 February 1974. Photograph courtesy of D. B. on road to Perú (15°28'N, 88°06'W), ele- Wake. vation 1150 m, Sierra de Omoa, Depar- tamento de Cortés, .” Holotype, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ) in dorsal aspect and rounded in lateral profile. 115286, an adult male, collected by J. Kezer The top of the head is flat. The canthal ridg- and J. F. Lynch, 9 February 1974 (examined es are angular and the loreal regions are con- by author). cave. The upper lips are distinctly flared. The Eleutherodactylus (Craugastor) omoaensis: nostrils are directed posterolaterally and are Lynch 2000:150. situated at a point slightly less than, to about Craugastor omoaensis: Savage 2002:551. By two-thirds the distance between the anterior implication. borders of the eyes (interorbital distance/eye Craugastor omoaensis: Frost et al. 2006:360. length in males = 0.600–0.850, in females = First use of combination in print. 0.674–0.970) and the tip of the snout. Cra- Craugastor (Campbellius) omoaensis: Hedges nial crests are absent. The upper eyelids are et al. 2008:34. prominent (eyelid width/interorbital distance in males = 1.032–1.250, in females = 1.000– CONTENT. No subspecies are recognized. 1.214). A well-developed supratympanic fold is present on each side, narrowly obscuring DESCRIPTION. Craugastor omoaensis is a the upper edge of the tympana. Tympana are small eleutherodactyline frog (in eight adult otherwise distinct in both sexes, tympana males, snout-vent length [SVL] range = 26.2– located posteroventral to the eyes, in males 30.0 mm, mean [standard deviation] = 28.1 separated from eyes by distance of about one- mm [± 1.3 mm]; in nine adult females, SVL third of tympanum length, in females sepa- range = 25.6–38.4 mm, mean [standard de- rated by distance of about two-thirds or more viation] = 32.2 mm [± 4.4 mm]) with a mod- of tympanum length. erately long, broad head (head length/SVL in The upper arms are slightly more slen- adult males = 0.433–0.457, in adult females = der than the moderately robust forearms. A 0.409–0.465; head width/SVL in adult males = transverse dermal fold is absent on the upper 0.437–0.478, in adult females = 0.425–0.487). surfaces of the wrists. No vertical dermal folds The snout is semicircular to nearly rounded are present along the elbows. Tubercles are 2

Map. Distribution of Craugastor fecundus. The open circle marks the type locality and the black dot represents single additional nearby locality.

arranged in an irregular series, or arranged in adult males. Relative length of the fingers is a linear row along the posterior ventrolateral I

(1997, 2002). The karyotype was described by at that time was considerably more deforest- DeWeese (1976; as Eleutherodactylus milesi), ed than it was during 1974 when Craugastor and that description was repeated (also as omoaensis was last seen. The small stream Eleutherodactylus milesi) by McCranie et al. where the late J. F. Lynch collected the type (1989) and Savage (1987). series could not be found, even though the author was apparently at the site where that ILLUSTRATIONS. Color photographs of stream was located in 1974 (using the J. F. an adult were published by McCranie and Lynch field notes and other information sup- Castañeda (2007) and McCranie and Wilson plied by him as a guide). Additionally, all lo- (2002). A black-and-white drawing of a hind cal residents spoken with at that site told the foot was presented by McCranie and Wilson author there were no streams in the area. Ap- (1997). parently the small stream where Lynch col- lected the type series had presumably long DISTRIBUTION. Craugastor omoaensis is since dried up as a result of the continued known to occur from 760 m to 1150 m eleva- deforestation of the steep montane slopes in tion in the Premontane Wet Forest formation the vicinity of the type locality. In addition to (see Holdridge 1967) in the Sierra de Omoa the habitat devastation having taken place in W of San Pedro Sula in northwestern Hon- the vicinity of the type locality of Craugastor duras. omoaensis, the chytrid fungus Batrachochytri- um dendrobatidis was reported in some FOSSIL RECORD. None. at a higher elevation site (1690 m) from the Sierra de Omoa in northwestern Honduras by PERTINENT LITERATURE. Relevant cita- Kolby et al. (2010). Chytrid fungus was also tions are listed by topic: checklists and faunal reported in some anuran species collected in lists (Anonymous 2016; Campbell 1999; Frost 2003 along streams in the Cordillera Nombre 2018; Glaw et al. 1998, 2000a, 2000b; Heinicke de Dios (ca. 1550 m) in north-central Hondu- et al. 2007; Hutchins et al. 2003; Köhler 2011; ras by Puschendorf et al. (2006). This fungus McCranie 2006, 2007, 2009, 2015; McCranie has been linked to anuran declines in other and Castañeda 2007; McCranie and Wilson neotropical regions (Puschendorf et al. 2006; 2002; McCranie et al. 2006; Padial et al. 2014; also see recent summary by Whitfield et al. Solís et al. 2014; Townsend and Wilson 2008, 2016 and references cited therein) and like- 2010; Wilson and Johnson 2010; Wilson and ly played a role in the apparent extinction of Townsend 2006, 2010; Wilson et al. 2001), Craugastor omoaensis, if the species was still comparsions to new species (McCranie and extant upon the appearance of the fungus in Wilson 1997), conservation status (John- the Sierra de Omoa. son et al. 2015; McCranie and Wilson 2004; The best chance for a surviving popula- Mitchell 2017; Stuart et al. 2008; Wilson and tion of Craugastor omoaensis, if one exists, McCranie 2003, 2004; Wilson and Townsend might be from an unknown stream in the 2006, 2010), identification keys (McCranie Sierra de Omoa that penetrates into mod- and Castañeda 2007; McCranie and Wilson erate elevations of the Sierra de Omoa. If a 1997, 2002), , systematics, and surviving population could be located, there phylogenetics (Frost et al. 2006; Lynch 2000; is doubt that the ambitious captive manage- Padial et al. 2014), and type specimen cata- ment program for moderate and intermedi- logue (Rodríguez-Robles et al. 2003). ate elevations anurans announced by Kolby (2013) would have any chance to suceed at REMARKS. The author visited the type lo- the lowland site where he planned to start cality of the species on 27 July 1996. The area that program. 5

ADDITIONAL VERNACULAR NAMES. was used as a subgenus of Eleutherodactylus “Ranita de Arroyo Labio Enanchado” as by Crawford and Smith (2005). The subgenus a Spanish vernacular name (= Flared Lip name Campbellius was erected for the group Streamside Frog) was used by McCranie and of frogs containing Craugastor omoaensis by Castañeda (2007); "Omoa Patterlove" was Hedges et al. (2008); however, several errors listed by Mitchell (2017). occur in their literature-based morphological description of that subgenus. The speculation ETYMOLOGY. The nameomoaensis refers that the subgenus Campbellius “will ultimate- to the Sierra de Omoa, the mountain range ly be considered” a was made by Padial from which the species Craugastor omoaensis et al. (2014). However, that bold speculation was described. was based solely on genetic data available from only two of the 13 species included in COMMENTS. The disagreement in the tym- that subgenus by Padial et al. (2014). panum and digital keels and fringes char- acters of various species of the Craugastor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. The late James F. milesi group as discussed by Savage (2001) in Lynch provided a copy of his field notes relat- relation to McCranie and Wilson (1997), was ed to his collection of this species at its type because Savage did not realize his discussion locality. Kraig Adler and Tim Perry (Society of those characters was based on more than for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles) one species, including Craugastor omoaensis kindly provided the scan for Figure 1 used (based on his own recording of data for Mc- herein. I also thank David B. Wake (MVZ) for Cranie et al. 1989). his permission to use that image. The karyotype data given by Campbell and Savage (2000), McCranie et al. (1989), and LITERATURE CITED Savage (1987) for Craugastor milesi actually Anonymous. 2016. Herpetofaunal list for applies to Craugastor omoaensis (based on Mesoamerica. Mesoamerican Herpetolo- MVZ 128749–52; see DeWeese 1976). Spec- gy (http://www.mesoamericanherpetolo- imens of Craugastor omoaensis (as Eleuthero- gy.com/taxonomic-list.html; last assessed dactylus in all cases) were also identified as 5 May 2017). Archived by WebCite at Craugastor milsei by Meyer (1969), Meyer and http://www.webcitation.org/6xPf7XAXh Wilson (1971), Savage (1975), and Schmidt on 21 February 2018. (1933), and as Craugastor milesi “Population Campbell, J. A. 1999. Distribution patterns System” by McCranie et al. (1989). Savage of amphibians in Middle America. Pp. (2001:998) stated he had not examined sam- 111–210 in Patterns of Distribution of ples of Craugastor omoaensis, but he had pre- Amphibians. A Global Perspective (W. viously examined specimens when they were E. Duellman, editor). The John Hopkins identified asCraugastor milesi (Savage 1975). University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. The suggestion that Craugastor Cope Campbell, J. A. and J. M. Savage 2000. Taxo- might be available as a subgenus or genus nomic reconsideration of Middle Ameri- name for the complex of frogs contain- can frogs of the Eleutherodactylus rugu- ing the subsequently described Craugastor losus group (Anura: Leptodactylidae): A omoaensis (Lynch’s Eleutherodactylus rugulo- reconnaissance of subtle nuances among sus group) was made by Lynch (1986, 1993). frogs. Herpetological Monographs Craugastor omoaensis was listed as belonging 14:186–292. to the subgenus Craugastor by Lynch (2000). Crawford, A. J. and E. N. Smith. 2005. Ce- The use of Craugastor as a genus name was nozoic biogeography and evolution in advocated by Savage (2002), but Craugastor direct-developing frogs of Central Amer- 6

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