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Reading Isaiah Berlin in China1
Reading Isaiah Berlin in China1 A year before his death in 1997, Isaiah Berlin was invited by a Chinese scholar named Ouyang Kang to write a summary of his thought for the Chinese reading public. Berlin, as Dr Henry Hardy recalls, much valued this new readership, and therefore wrote his last essay, ‘My Intellectual Path’. It was first published in English in the New York Review of Books, and then included in The Power of Ideas, an anthologies edited by Hardy.2 Eight years later, this piece finally received its Chinese translation. According to Ouyang Kang, his incentive is to edit a book composed of intellectual self-portraits by several distinguished Anglophone philosophers as a way to introduce contemporary Anglophone philosophy to common readers in China. Ironically, when Ouyang’s volume was published, many of Berlin’s writings had already been translated and his thought been made accessible to the general public.3 Unlike his Oxford colleague, the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper, Isaiah Berlin never went to China; nor did he write anything directly related to it. Although he sometimes mentioned China in passing, he seemed not to have known much about either its history or its status quo, and he probably viewed it, along with India and Japan, as an old, mysterious and exotic civilisation. Among his interlocutors, Joseph Alsop had served in the ‘Flying Tigers’ commanded by C.L. Chennault in fighting the Japanese. After the Communist Party took power by defeating Chiang Kai-shek’s army in 1949, thus ending a civil war lasted for three years, China became a Communist regime, which borrowed its totalitarian system entirely from the Soviet Union. -
Daniel C. Dennett
Last updated 2002 Curriculum Vitae DANIEL C. DENNETT PERSONAL: Born, March 28, 1942. Married to Susan Bell Dennett; two children. ADDRESS: 20 Ironwood Road, No. Andover, MA 01845 U.S.A. EDUCATION: B.A., Harvard University, 1963 D. Phil. (philosophy), Oxford, 1965 FELLOWSHIPS: Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, 1963 (declined, to study at Oxford). Guggenheim Fellowship, 1973-74 (declined in favor of next two items). Santayana Fellowship, Harvard University, 1974 (honorary). N. E. H. Younger Humanist Fellowship, 1974. Fulbright Research Fellowship to the University, Bristol, England, 1978. Visiting Fellowship, All Souls College, Oxford, 1979. N. E. H. Senior Fellowship, 1979. Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 1979-80. Guggenheim Fellowship, 1986-87. Fellow, Zentrum für Interdisciplinäre Forschung, Bielefeld, Germany, 1990. Writer in Residence, Bellagio Study and Conference Center, Italy, 1990. Visiting Erskine Fellow, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1995. SPECIAL LECTURESHIPS: Taft Lectures, University of Cincinnati, 1978. Luce Distinguished Lecture in Cognitive Science, University of Rochester, 1979. Herbert Spencer Lecture, Oxford University, 1979. Princeton University Annual Philosophy Lectures, 1980. Sloan Visiting Scientist Lectures, Dept. of Computer Science, Yale University, 1980. Council for Philosophical Studies, Summer Institute on Psychology and the Philosophy of Mind, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, July 1981. John Locke Lectures, Oxford University, April, May, 1983. Gavin David Young Lectures, University of Adelaide, Australia, June, July, 1984. Gramlich Memorial Lecture, Philosophy Department, Dartmouth College, April 24, 1985. Visiting Professor, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, May, 1985. John Dewey Lecture, University of Vermont, February 13, 1986. Distinguished Lecture Series, MIT Laboratory of Computer Science, March 13, 1986. Tanner Lecture, University of Michigan, November 6, 1986. -
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
03/05/2017 William James (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (ca. 1895, in The Letters of William James, ed. by Henry James, Boston, 1920) William James First published Thu Sep 7, 2000; substantive revision Tue Oct 29, 2013 William James was an original thinker in and between the disciplines of physiology, psychology and philosophy. His twelvehundred page masterwork, The Principles of Psychology (1890), is a rich blend of physiology, psychology, philosophy, and personal reflection that has given us such ideas as “the stream of thought” and the baby's impression of the world “as one great blooming, buzzing confusion” (PP 462). It contains seeds of pragmatism and phenomenology, and influenced generations of thinkers in Europe and America, including Edmund Husserl, Bertrand Russell, John Dewey, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. James studied at Harvard's Lawrence Scientific School and the School of Medicine, but his writings were from the outset as much philosophical as scientific. “Some Remarks on Spencer's Notion of Mind as Correspondence” (1878) and “The Sentiment of Rationality” (1879, 1882) presage his future pragmatism and pluralism, and contain the first statements of his view that philosophical theories are reflections of a philosopher's temperament. James hints at his religious concerns in his earliest essays and in The Principles, but they become more explicit in The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy (1897), Human Immortality: Two Supposed Objections to the Doctrine (1898), The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) and A Pluralistic Universe (1909). James oscillated between thinking that a “study in human nature” such as Varieties could contribute to a “Science of Religion” and the belief that religious experience involves an altogether supernatural domain, somehow inaccessible to science but accessible to the individual human subject. -
Externalism Is a View About the Conditions for Our Thoughts and Words to Refer to Things
Semantic Internalism and Externalism in the Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Language, ed. by Barry C. Smith and Ernest Lepore. Oxford University Press 2006. pp. 323-40. Katalin Farkas Central European University, Budapest 1. Three claims about meaning In a sense, the meaning of our words obviously depends on circumstances outside us. ‘Elm’ in English is used to talk about elms, and though I could decide – perhaps as a kind of code – to use the word ‘elm’ to talk about beeches, my decision would hardly change the English language. The meaning of ‘elm’ depends on conventions of the language speaking community, and these are certainly beyond my control. In this sense, no-one will disagree that meaning is determined by factors outside the individual. At the same time, it seems that it is up to me what I mean by my words; and in fact, the meaning of a word in the language is simply a result of what most of us mean by it. Another way of putting this point is that even if the meaning of an expression is determined by social agreement, grasping the meaning of the word is an individual psychological act. I may grasp the usual public meaning correctly, or I may – willingly or accidentally – mean something different by the word, but it looks that meaning in this sense depends entirely on me. It is also plausible to assume that in some sense, our physical environment contributes to what our words mean. If I am right in assuming that before Europeans arrived to Australia, English had had no word which meant the same as the word ‘kangaroo‘ does nowadays, this is easily explained by the fact that people at that time hadn’t encountered kangaroos. -
Kelsey N. Berry Harvard University
Kelsey N. Berry Harvard University KELSEY N. BERRY Cambridge, MA 02138 [email protected] EDUCATION 2013-2019 Ph.D., Health Policy and Ethics, Harvard University (expected) Dissertation: “To Whom? Social Vulnerability and Receipt of Organ Transplant and Substance Abuse Treatment” Committee: Haiden Huskamp (chair), Norman Daniels, Keren Ladin, Thomas McGuire 2006-2010 B.A., cum laude, Princeton University Department of Philosophy, Princeton Neuroscience Institute RESEARCH & TEACHING INTERESTS Research: Health and health care disparities; access to mental health and substance use disorder treatment services; theories of justice and social vulnerability in health resource allocation Teaching: Public health ethics, methods in bioethics, domestic health policy, global health governance PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS Ladin KL, Emerson J, Berry KN, Butt Z, Gordon EJ, Daniels N, Lavelle TA, Hanto DW. (2018) Excluding patients from transplant due to social support: Results from a national survey of transplant providers. Am J Transplant. 00:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.14962 Berry KN, Huskamp HA, Goldman HH, Rutkow L, Barry CL. (2017) Litigation Provides Clues to Ongoing Challenges in Implementing Insurance Parity. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 42(6). Berry KN, Huskamp HA, Goldman HH, and Barry CL. (2015) A Tale of Two States: Do Consumers See Mental Health Insurance Parity When Shopping on State Exchanges? Psychiatric Services 66(6): 565-67. RESEARCH IN PROGRESS KN Berry, K Ladin. Contribution of Social Support Criterion to Disparities in Access to Organ Transplantation. (Target Journal: Social Science and Medicine) KN Berry. Rights and Duties Against Conditional Funding Agreements in Global Aid. (Target Journal: Public Health Ethics) Last updated: Nov 9, 2018 Page 1 Kelsey N. -
State Board of Education Welcomes Newest Member: Ernest Lepore of Hudson County
NJDOE News For More Information Contact the Public Information Office: Jon Zlock Kathryn Forsyth 609-292-1126 For Release: December 1, 2004 State Board of Education Welcomes Newest Member: Ernest Lepore of Hudson County The State Board of Education today welcomed Ernest Lepore, Ph.D., the associate director of the Rutgers University Center of Cognitive Sciences and a resident of Hudson County, as its newest member. Dr. Lepore was sworn in during this morning’s regular session. "It is my pleasure to welcome Dr. Lepore to the State Board of Education," said Acting Gov. Richard Codey. "His expertise in the philosophy of language, in particular, and his expertise as an educator at Rutgers University should help him lead discussions on literacy and other important facets of the Department of Education’s mission." Lepore, who begins a six-year term, replaces Samuel J. Podietz of Burlington County, who served on the Board since 1998. "We are so very pleased to have Dr. Lepore join us in our work," Commissioner of Education William L. Librera said. "His wealth of experience in Higher Education will help him here; we have a sense that his abilities on the collegiate level, particularly in philosophy, will help him serve on the board with an open ear, and a dedication to advancing the education of children throughout the state." "We look forward to working with Dr. Lepore and the many contributions we know he will make to this Board," President Arnold Hyndman said. "I know my own experiences in Higher Education have made my time here on the Board all the more valuable. -
Holism: a Shopper's Guide Jerry Fodor, Ernest Lepore
To purchase this product, please visit https://www.wiley.com/en-eg/9780631181934 Holism: A Shopper's Guide Jerry Fodor, Ernest Lepore Paperback 978-0-631-18193-4 April 1992 Print-on- £34.25 demand DESCRIPTION The main question addressed in this book is whether individuation of the contents of thoughts and linguistic expressions is inherently holistic. The authors consider arguments that are alleged to show that the meaning of a scientific hypothesis depends on the entire theory that entails it, or that the content of a concept depends on the entire belief system of which it is part. If these arguments are sound then it would follow that the meanings of words, sentences, hypotheses, predictions, discourses, dialogs, texts, thoughts and the like are merely derivative. The implications of holism about meaning for other philosophical issues (intentional explanation, translation, Realism, skepticism, etc.) will also be explored. Authors discussed include Quine, Davidson, Lewis, Bennett, Block, Field, Churchland, and others. The book is intended for all those interested in language, mind, metaphysics or epistemology. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Jerry Fodor is the author of numerous, and influential, books, most recently A Theory of Content and Other Essays (1990). Ernest Lepore is the co-editor of the recent John Searle and his Critics (Blackwell, 1991) and of two volumes of essays on Donald Davidson, as well as numerous articles on philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. FEATURES * A witty, controversial and partisan book on a subject of central importance to philosophers, psychologists, linguists and cognitive scientists. * It covers all the main positions held by key people in the field. -
Taking Politics Seriously – but Not Too Seriously
Taking Politics Seriously – but Not Too Seriously Charles Blattberg Professor of Political Philosophy Université de Montréal It makes one ashamed that men of our advanced years should turn a thing as serious as this into a game. Seneca1 One of Edward’s Mistresses was Jane Shore, who has had a play written about her, but it is a tragedy & therefore not worth reading. Jane Austen2 To Isaiah Berlin, the idea “that all good things must be compatible…and perhaps even entail one another in a systematic fashion [is] perhaps one of the least plausible beliefs ever entertained by profound and influential thinkers.”3 So says pluralism of monism. The claim is meant to apply as much to personal as to political life, and it has led pluralists to argue that monists overlook the inescapably tragic dimension of both. If, when values conflict, we cannot turn to a systematic theory for guidance, then it seems we have no choice but to compromise and, by compromising, diminish what we believe to be good. That, at least, is what comes from negotiation, which is what pluralists recommend as the chief alternative to the application of monist theories of morality or justice. And they do so even though – or rather because – it means embracing a world that is inherently unsystematic, sometimes tragically so.4 One might push this point even further. Monists do not merely fail to give the tragedy of morals or politics its due; some can even be accused of treating them frivolously, as if they were *A chapter from Towards One, As Many (forthcoming). -
Human Beings and the Moral Law: Moral Precariousness in Kant's Ethical Philosophy
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2014 Human Beings and the Moral Law: Moral Precariousness in Kant's Ethical Philosophy Bradley Taylor University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Taylor, Bradley, "Human Beings and the Moral Law: Moral Precariousness in Kant's Ethical Philosophy" (2014). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1468. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1468 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1468 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Human Beings and the Moral Law: Moral Precariousness in Kant's Ethical Philosophy Abstract ABSTRACT HUMAN BEINGS AND THE MORAL LAW: MORAL PRECARIOUSNESS IN KANT'S ETHICAL PHILOSOPHY Bradley M. Taylor Dr. Paul Guyer This dissertation is an examination of human moral precariousness in Kant's ethics. Human beings are in a state of moral precariousness insofar as they are ever-capable of transgressing the moral law and are often uncertain of the moral worth of their actions. Put another way, in this dissertation I argue that the basic relationship between human beings and the moral law, in Kant's moral philosophy, is, most fundamentally, one of tenuousness and vacillation. This relation is the fundamental characteristic of the human moral condition because such a relation is built into Kant's account of human moral agency. We have a tenuous relation to the moral law because we always have at least the possibility of conflict between our desire for happiness (i.e. the satisfaction of our inclinations) and the requirements of the moral law. -
Mature Kantians Mika Lavaque-Manty [email protected]
Mature Kantians Mika LaVaque-Manty [email protected] Department of Political Science University of Michigan Philip Otto Runge, Hülsenbeck Children, 1805–6. © ARTstor. Prepared for delivery at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 2 – September 5, 2004. © American Political Science Association. Mature Kantians i INTRODUCTION: THE AUTONOMY PROBLEM One of the many problems facing Enlightenment thinkers was the question of how to reconcile their claim that all humans have equal dignity by virtue of their autonomous agency with the fact that many people neither enjoyed the respect their dignity warranted nor acted in ways that would have suggested they were meaningfully autonomous.1 If the 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment, many people didn’t act their age. Part of the problem was political in the institutional sense: absolutism, feudal vestiges and religious authoritarianism made it difficult, even impossible, for people to be autonomous. But these didn’t account for all the problems, and as Kant suggested, another part had to with ordinary people themselves: the people’s “immaturity” was also “self-incurred.” This was a real pickle, both theoretically and practically: If another person’s autonomous agency is your goal, you had better be careful about what and how much you do for her. There is a real tension, if not an outright conflict, between paternalism and respect for autonomy. There is also a risk of elitism in concerning yourself with others’ autonomy. In the absence of a shared summum bonum — and I take it that part of what modernity means is the absence of a shared summum bonum — the apparent end of a person’s action doesn’t always tell you whether she chose the action or the end. -
Determinism: Philosophical and Theological Objections Klaus Müller
010 Muller_175 22-01-2013 12:35 Pagina 175 Determinism: Philosophical and Theological Objections Klaus Müller 1. A Telling Prefix In the second half of the 19th century, something peculiar happened to the English language. In an almost epidemical fashion, countless words were given the prefix “electro.” Electromagnetic waves had just been discovered, and hence everyone who sought to create a name for himself and wanted to be state-of-the-art would talk of “electro”-this and “elec- tro”-that until this new and fascinating technology became common- place and, therefore, uninteresting.1 Something very similar has been go- ing on with the prefix “neuro” for some time now, although this time the backgrounds are probably far more precarious. Neurosurgery and neu- robiology certainly designate a perfectly normal segment in science and research. The same holds true for neurophilosophy, I would say, as a sec- tor of a special theory of science. Still, the case is already different when it comes to neurolinguistics, neuroinformatics and, particularly, neurope- dagogy and neurojurisprudence. All these have long since become com- mon terms, designating processes and programmes which have a pro- found bearing on man’s self-understanding and whose ethical, social and political implications are far-reaching in practical life. Thus, in the case of neurojurisprudence, the concepts of guilt and responsibility that used to be taken for granted are dissolved, as, according to neurojurispru- dence, it is not mind and will which determine human actions, but neu- ronal dispositions. At the same time jurisdiction is being shifted towards prevention policy, since future culprits may be identified neuronally. -
Reference and Reinterpretation
Reference and Reinterpretation by Anthony Kulic A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2007 ©Anthony Kulic, 2007 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Reference is the relation held to obtain between an expression and what a speaker or thinker intends the expression to represent. Reference is a component of interpretation, the process of giving terms, sentences, and thoughts semantic content. An example of reference in a formal context involves the natural numbers, where each one can be taken to have a corresponding set‐theoretic counterpart as its referent. In an informal context reference is exemplified by the relation between a name and the specific name‐bearer when a speaker or thinker utters or has the name in mind. Recent debates over reference have concerned the mechanism of reference: How is it that we can refer? In informal contexts, externalists see the reference relation as explicable in terms of the salient causal relations involved in the naming of a thing, or a class of things, and the ensuing causal chains leading to a term’s use. Opponents of this view— internalists—see the reference relation as being conceptually direct, and they take the external approach to rely on untenable metaphysical assumptions about the world’s structure.