Geological Society

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

TRANSACTIONS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SECOND SERIES. VOLUME V. Quod si cui mortalium cordi et curae sit, non tantum inventis haerere, atque iis uti, sed ad ulteriora penetrare ; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere naturam vincere; denique non belle et probabiliter opinari, sed certo et ostensive scire; tales, tanquam veri scientiarum filii, nobis (si videbitur) se adjungant. Novum Organum, Preefatio. LONDON: PRINTED BY B. AND J. E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. SOLD AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, SOMERSET HOUSE. 1840. TRANSACTIONS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SECOND SERIES. VOLUME V. PART THE THIRD. Quod si cui mortalium cordi et curae sit, non tantum inventis hserere, atque iis uti, sed ad ulteriora penetrare ; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere naturam vincere; denique non belle et probabiliter opinari, sed certo et ostensive scire; tales, tavvqwam veri scientiarum filii, nobis (si videbitur) se adjungant. Novum Organum, Prcefatio. LONDON: PRINTED BY R. AND J. E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. SOLD AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, SOMERSET HOUSE. 1840. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1840. PRESIDENT. Rev. WILLIAM BUCKLAND, D.D., F.R.S. & F.L.S., Instit. Reg. Soc. Paris. Corresp., Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Oxford. VICE-PRESIDENTS. GEORGE BELLAS GREENOUGH, Esq. F.R.S. Rev. WILLIAM WHEWELL, B.D., F.R.S., & F.L.S. Professor of Casuistry in the University of Cam LEONARD HORNER, Esq. F.R.S. L. & E. bridge. Sir WOODBINE PARISH, K.C.H. F.R.S. SECRETARIES. CHARLES DARWIN, Esq. B.A. F.R.S. J WILLIAM JOHN HAMILTON, Esq. FOREIGN SECRETARY. HENRY THOMAS DE LA BECHE, Esq. F.R.S.& F.L.S. TREASURER. JOHN TAYLOR, Esq. F.R.S. COl :IL. ARTHUR AIKIN, Esq. F.L.S. RODERICK IMPEY MURCHISON, Esq. FRANCIS BAILY, Esq. V.P.R.S. F.L.S., Instit. F.R.S. & F.L.S., Hon. M.R.I.A. Reg. Soc. Paris. Corresp. EDW. WILLIAM WYNNE PENDARVES, VISCOUNT COLE, M.P. F.R.S. Esq. M.P. F.R.S. WILLIAM HENRY FITTON, M.D. F.R.S. PHILIP PUSEY, Esq. M.P. F.R.S. & F.L.S. GEORGE RENNIE, Esq. F.R.S. WILLIAM HOPKINS, Esq. M.A. F.R.S. DANIEL SHARPE, Esq. F.L.S. ROBERT HUTTON, Esq. M.P. M.R.I.A. Rev. ADAM SEDGWICK, F.R.S. & F.L.S., CHARLES LYELL, Jun., Esq. F.R.S. & F.L.S. Woodwardian Professor in the University of WILLIAM HALLOWS MILLER, Esq. M.A. Cambridge. F.R.S., Professor of Mineralogy in the University of Cambridge. CURATOR AND LIBRARIAN. WILLIAM LONSDALE, Esq. ADVERTISEMENT. THE Editors of the Transactions of the Geological Society are directed to make it known to the Public, that the Authors alone are respon sible for the facts and opinions contained in their respective papers. It is requested that all letters and communications to the Secretariest and presents to the Society, may be addressed to the Apartments of the Geological Society, Somerset House, London. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Formal and Informal Networks of Knowledge and Etheldred Benett's
Journal of Literature and Science Volume 8, No. 1 (2015) ISSN 1754-646X Susan Pickford, “Social Authorship, Networks of Knowledge”: 69-85 “I have no pleasure in collecting for myself alone”:1 Social Authorship, Networks of Knowledge and Etheldred Benett’s Catalogue of the Organic Remains of the County of Wiltshire (1831) Susan Pickford As with many other fields of scientific endeavour, the relationship between literature and geology has proved a fruitful arena for research in recent years. Much of this research has focused on the founding decades of the earth sciences in the early- to mid-nineteenth century, with recent articles by Gowan Dawson and Laurence Talairach-Vielmas joining works such as Noah Heringman’s Romantic Rocks, Aesthetic Geology (2003), Ralph O’Connor’s The Earth on Show: Fossils and the Poetics of Popular Science, 1802-1856 (2007), Virginia Zimmerman’s Excavating Victorians (2008) and Adelene Buckland’s Novel Science: Fiction and the Invention of Nineteenth-Century Geology (2013), to explore the rhetorical and narrative strategies of writings in the early earth sciences. It has long been noted that the most institutionally influential early geologists formed a cohort of eager young men who, having no tangible interests in the economic and practical applications of their chosen field, were in a position to develop a passionately Romantic engagement with nature, espousing an apocalyptic rhetoric of catastrophes past and borrowing epic imagery from Milton and Dante (Buckland 9, 14-15). However, as Buckland further notes, this argument – though persuasive as far as it goes – fails to take into account the broad social range of participants in the construction of early geological knowledge.
[Show full text]
Earth Sciences History, Volume 32, 156-185, 2013. Note That This Version of the Text May Not Include All of the Final Editorial Amendments Added in Proof
Earth Sciences History, Volume 32, 156-185, 2013. Note that this version of the text may not include all of the final editorial amendments added in proof. CHARLES DARWIN, BARTHOLOMEW SULIVAN, AND THE GEOLOGY OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS: UNFINISHED BUSINESS FROM AN ASYMMETRIC PARTNERSHIP P. STONE1 and A. W. A. RUSHTON2, 3 1British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, UK. [email protected] 2Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. [email protected] 3British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK. ABSTRACT When in 1846 Charles Darwin published the first account of the geology of the Falkland Islands he drew on his experiences in 1833 and 1834 during the voyage of HMS Beagle, and on collections made at that time by the ship’s Assistant Surgeon, William Kent. Aboard HMS Beagle Darwin struck up a particular friendship with Lieutenant Bartholomew Sulivan who subsequently revisited the Falklands between 1838 and 1845 in command of HMS Arrow and HMS Philomel. The surviving letters that Sulivan wrote to Darwin during those voyages contain a wealth of additional geological observations. Sulivan also dispatched additional geological specimens to Darwin, one of which can be identified in the extant Beagle collection. Darwin utilised some of Sulivan’s structural geology sketches in his 1846 paper, but otherwise the detailed and accurate observations were only partly and ambiguously recorded there in a footnote. Sulivan described fold and cleavage relationships, made the first record of intrusive dolerite dykes in the Falkland Islands, and recorded landforms and lithologies that could have led to the early recognition of both Quaternary and Late Palaeozoic glaciation in the Falklands.
[Show full text]
An Investigation Into the Graphic Innovations of Geologist Henry T
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2003 Uncovering strata: an investigation into the graphic innovations of geologist Henry T. De la Beche Renee M. Clary Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Clary, Renee M., "Uncovering strata: an investigation into the graphic innovations of geologist Henry T. De la Beche" (2003). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 127. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/127 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. UNCOVERING STRATA: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE GRAPHIC INNOVATIONS OF GEOLOGIST HENRY T. DE LA BECHE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Curriculum and Instruction by Renee M. Clary B.S., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1983 M.S., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1997 M.Ed., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1998 May 2003 Copyright 2003 Renee M. Clary All rights reserved ii Acknowledgments Photographs of the archived documents held in the National Museum of Wales are provided by the museum, and are reproduced with permission. I send a sincere thank you to Mr. Tom Sharpe, Curator, who offered his time and assistance during the research trip to Wales.
[Show full text]
Report Case Study 25
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Brief Description of item(s) 294 manuscript notebooks of the geologist Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875). In two series: 263 numbered notebooks, 1825-1874, on geology, natural history, social and political subjects; 31 additional notebooks, 1818-1871, with indices. Mostly octavo format. For details see Appendix 1. In good condition. 2. Context The nineteenth century saw public debate about how to conduct science reach new heights. Charles Lyell was a pivotal figure in the establishment of geology as a scientific discipline; he also transformed ideas about the relationship between human history and the history of the earth. Above all, he revealed the significance of ‘deep time’. At a time when the Anglican church dominated intellectual culture, geology was a controversial subject. Lyell played a significant part in separating the practice of science from that of religion. Through his major work, The Principles of Geology, he developed the method later adopted by Darwin for his studies into evolution. Lyell observed natural phenomena at first hand to infer their underlying causes, which he used to interpret the phenomena of the past. The method stressed not only a vast geological timescale, but also the ability of small changes to produce, eventually, large ones. The Principles combined natural history, theology, political economy, anthropology, travel, and geography. It was an immediate success, in Britain, Europe, North America and Australia. Scientists, theologians, leading authors, explorers, artists, and an increasingly educated public read and discussed it. Lyell’s inductive method strongly influenced the generation of naturalists after Darwin. Over the rest of his life, Lyell revised the Principles in the light of new research and his own changing ideas.
[Show full text]
Geological Society of London
Downloaded from http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/ at New York University on June 23, 2016 GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. .4NNU,4L GENER,4L MEETING, FEBRUARY 15, 1856. REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. THE Council, in laying their annual statement of the affairs of the Society before its Members, beg to express their opinion that it ewnces a continuance of the same satisfactory state to which, on former occasions, they have directed attention. The number of Fellows, it is true, has suffered a diminution of nine; but this is mainly to be attributed to the numerous deaths which have occurred since the last anniversary. The Society from this cause has lost twenty-six ordinary Fellows, and seven have resigned during the same period, making a loss of thirty-three. Twenty new Fellows have been elected in the past year, and four elected ill the previous year have paid their subscriptions in this ; making, in all, 24, which, deducted from 33, leaves a loss to the Society of 9, as Before stated. One Foreign Member has died, and one has been elected during the year. The total number of the Society at the close of 1854 was 884, and 875 at the dose of 1855. The expenditure during 1855 has exceeded the income by s 128. 4d. : but in the income is included ~191 12,. 9d., the balance at the beginning of the year. The actual excess of expenditure is, therefore, ~s 58. ld., which has principally been occasioned by increased expenditure on the Quarterly Journal and YOL. XII.. a Downloaded from http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/ at New York University on June 23, 2016 ANNIVERSARY MEETING.
[Show full text]
Guide to the Historical Manuscripts Collection 1409-1977
University of Chicago Library Guide to the Historical Manuscripts Collection 1409-1977 © 2016 University of Chicago Library Table of Contents Descriptive Summary 3 Information on Use 3 Access 3 Citation 3 Related Resources 3 Subject Headings 3 INVENTORY 3 Descriptive Summary Identifier ICU.SPCL.HISTORICMSS Title Historical Manuscripts. Collection Date 1409-1977 Size 25.25 linear feet (31 boxes) Repository Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A. Abstract The Historical Manuscripts Collections contains correspondence and other brief manuscripts documenting personal, scholarly, business, government, and religious affairs, written by an array of authors, primarily from North America and Western Europe. The manuscripts date from the fifteenth to the twentieth centuries. Information on Use Access The collections is open for research. Citation When quoting material from this collection, the preferred citation is: Historical Manuscripts. Collection, [Box #, Folder #], Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library Related Resources Browse finding aids by topic. Subject Headings • Manuscripts • Manuscripts, American INVENTORY Box 1 Folder 1 Abarca de Bolea, Pedro Pablo, conde de Aranda, 1719-1798, Letter : Paris, to Antoine de Sartine, comte d'Alby, [1779] Dec. 7. • Language: French 3 • Size: 1 item (2 p.) ; 32 cm. • Portions of text are missing. • Autograph letter signed. Relates to five Spanish ships that were equipped in Le Havre. Also contains cover. Box 1 Folder 2 Abbott, John L. C., Letter : Brunswick, Me., to Dennis R. Aluard, 1855 Dec. 13. • Language: English • Size: 1 item (1 p.) ; 25 cm. • Autograph letter signed. Abbott informs Aluard that he complies with his request.
[Show full text]
Redacted Thesis (PDF, 12Mb)
Victorian Egyptology and the Making of a Colonial Field Science, 1850 – 1906 by Meira Gold Wolfson College Department of History and Philosophy of Science This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date of Submission: December 2019 Declaration This thesis is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my thesis has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the History and Philosophy of Science Degree Committee. Abstract Victorian Egyptology and the Making of a Colonial Field Science, 1850-1906 Meira Gold This dissertation provides a new account of the origins of archaeological fieldwork in the Nile Delta. It considers how practitioners from diverse disciplinary backgrounds circulated knowledge about the built environment of pharaonic ruins: monuments, architecture, burials, and soil mounds that remained in situ. I trace the development of Egyptology from an activity that could be practiced long-distance through a network of informants to one that required first-hand field experience.
[Show full text]
Newsletter of the History of Geology Group of the Geological Society
HOGG Newsletter of the History of Geology Group of The Geological Society Number 68 February 2020 Front cover WILLIAM AUGUSTUS EDMOND USSHER (1849‒1920), the centenary of whose death is remembered this year. Born in County Galway, Ireland in 1849, Ussher joined the Geological Survey of Great Britain (now British Geological Survey) in 1868 and spent his whole career (retiring in 1909) as a field and mapping surveyor. He is best known for his work in the south-west of England (Cornwall, Devon, Somerset), particularly his work on the Devonian, Carboniferous and Triassic strata. In 1894, he was awarded the Geological Society’s Murchison Medal. Many Survey maps and memoirs bear his name as does the Ussher Society founded in 1962 as a focus for geological research in south-west England. Originally published under the title Proceedings of the Ussher Society, its journal was renamed Geoscience in South-West England in 1998. Sources Anon. 1920. Obituary of Mr W. A. E. Ussher. Nature, 105, 144. Anon [R. D. Oldham] 1921. Obituary Proceedings of the Geological Society in Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 77, lxxiii‒lxxiv. British Geological Survey. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/archives/pioneers/pioneers.cfc?method=search &currentTab=tab_U Burt, E. 2013. W. A. E. Ussher: an insight into his life and character. Geoscience in South-West England, 13, 165‒171. Dineley, D. L. 1974. W. A. E. Ussher: his work in the south-west. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 3, 189‒201. House, M. R. 1978. W. A. E. Ussher: his ancestral background. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 4, 115‒118.
[Show full text]
Geotourism and Geoconservation on the Isle of Wight, UK: Balancing Science with Commerce
Carpenter: Rocky start of Dinosaur National Monument… Geoconservation Research Original Article Geotourism and Geoconservation on the Isle of Wight, UK: Balancing Science with Commerce Martin I. Simpson Lansdowne, Military Rd, Chale, Isle of Wight, PO38 2HH, UK. Abstract The Isle of Wight has a rich and varied geological heritage which attracts scientists, tourists and fossil collectors, both private and commercial. Each party has a role to play in geoconservation and geotourism, but a policy on the long term curation of scientifically important specimens is essential to prevent future conflicts. A new code of conduct is recommended, based on the one adopted on the Jurassic Coast of Dorset. I have spent over 40 years living on the Island and working in the tourist industry running geology field-trips for both academics and tourists, and managing one of the longest running geological gift shops. I see the geological heritage and fossil sites as valuable geotourism assets, and envisage no problems with respect to the scientifically important material provided that a clear collecting policy is adopted, and the local museum generates funding to ensure that significant finds remain on the Island. A positive attitude is recommended in view of past experiences. Corresponding Author: Martin I. Simpson Lansdowne, Military Rd, Chale, Isle of Wight, PO38 2HH, UK. Email: [email protected] Keywords: Palaeontology, Geology, Isle of Wight, Tourism. Introduction with few formations absent, probably one of the best successions of this type in Europe (Fig 1c).Once a larger landmass joined to the mainland The Isle of Wight is a small, vaguely lozenge-shaped island situated as recently as 9000 years ago, what remains as 'Wight Island' or 'Vecta just off the central south coast of England, about 113 km south west of Insula' is eroding away at a rate of one metre per year in places (Munt London (Fig 1a, 1b), renowned for its balmy climate and golden, sandy 2016), but this erosion has produced spectacular scenery and iconic beaches.
[Show full text]
The Beginning of Geological Mapping in England
The beginning of geological mapping in England John Henry The speaker has spent his professional life producing engineering geological maps from air photographs and satellite images for large construction projects. Although we take geological maps for granted now, supported by air photography, GPS, geophysics, frequent borehole cores and rapid communication, the first geologists did not have these advantages. Accurate maps produced by the OS were fundamental to the development of geology. De la Beche commented that finding a good base map was the first essential and such maps were very rare. Martin Lister (1630-1712) proposed to the Royal Society the production of a new map with legends showing sands and clays etc in a soil or minerals map in order to understand more as knowing soils at outcrop points to what is beneath. Christopher Packe (1686-1749) produced A new philosophico- chorographical chart of east Kent in 1743, the first geomorphological map, which showed the distribution of chalk, gravel and clay pits and soils at a scale of 1¼ miles to the inch. These iniatives led nowhere at the time. In the British Isles, geological mapping began with William Smith (1769-1839). His career began when he was apprenticed to a surveyor. His first solo job, in 1792-93 in Wiltshire, was to produce the High Littleton Estate map with detail of the villages. He was tasked to go down mines and measure sections. In the course of this work, he noticed differences in the fossils in different strata and that they were always in the same sequence in different shafts.
[Show full text]
James Hutton's Reputation Among Geologists in the Late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
The Geological Society of America Memoir 216 Revising the Revisions: James Hutton’s Reputation among Geologists in the Late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries A. M. Celâl Şengör* İTÜ Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü ve Maden Fakültesi, Jeoloji Bölümü, Ayazağa 34469 İstanbul, Turkey ABSTRACT A recent fad in the historiography of geology is to consider the Scottish polymath James Hutton’s Theory of the Earth the last of the “theories of the earth” genre of publications that had begun developing in the seventeenth century and to regard it as something behind the times already in the late eighteenth century and which was subsequently remembered only because some later geologists, particularly Hutton’s countryman Sir Archibald Geikie, found it convenient to represent it as a precursor of the prevailing opinions of the day. By contrast, the available documentation, pub- lished and unpublished, shows that Hutton’s theory was considered as something completely new by his contemporaries, very different from anything that preceded it, whether they agreed with him or not, and that it was widely discussed both in his own country and abroad—from St. Petersburg through Europe to New York. By the end of the third decade in the nineteenth century, many very respectable geologists began seeing in him “the father of modern geology” even before Sir Archibald was born (in 1835). Before long, even popular books on geology and general encyclopedias began spreading the same conviction. A review of the geological literature of the late eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries shows that Hutton was not only remembered, but his ideas were in fact considered part of the current science and discussed accord- ingly.
[Show full text]
Front-Matter.Pdf
TRANSACTIONS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SECOND SERIES. VOLUME V.- PART THE SECOND. Quod si cui mortalium cordi et curse sit, non tantum inventis hserere, atque iis uti, sed ad ulteriora penetrare; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere naturam vincere; denique non belle et probabiliter opinari, sed certo et ostensive scire; tales, tanquam veri scientiarura filii, nobis (si videbitur) se adjungant. Novum Organum, Preefatio. LONDON: PRINTED BY R. AND J. E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. SOLD AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, SOMERSET HOUSE. 1840. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1839- PRESIDENT. Rev. WILILAM BUCKLAND, D.D., Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Oxford. VICE-PRESIDENTS. GEORGE BELLAS GREENOUGH, Esq. F.R.S. Rev. ADAM SEDGWICK, M.A., F.R.S. F.L.S., F.L.S. Woodwardian Professor in the University of LEONARD HORNER, Esq. F.R.S. L. & E. Cambridge. CHARLES LYELL, Jun., Esq. M.A. F.R.S. & F.L.S. SECRETARIES. CHARLES DARWIN, Esq. B.A. F.R.S. | WILLIAM JOHN HAMILTON, Esq. FOREIGN SECRETARY. HENRY THOMAS DE LA BECHE, Esq. F.R.S. F.L.S. TREASURER. JOHN TAYLOR, Esq. F.R.S. COUNCIL. CHARLES GILES BRIDLE DAUBENY,M.D. WILLIAM HALLOWS MILLER, Esq. M.A. F. R. S. & F.L. S., Regius Professor of Botany, and F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in the University Aldrich's Professor of Chemistry in the University of Cambridge. of Oxford. RODERICK IMPEY MURCHISON, Esq. Sir PHILIP DE MALPAS GREY EGERTON, F.R.S. & F.L.S.
[Show full text]