MANGALORE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY MA History

Course No. HSS: 455 (Soft Core)

ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF KARNATAKA TO AD 14TH CENTURY

Learning objective: This paper’s main aim is to know the evolution of art and architecture in Karnataka and also to know more about the development of historical writings on Karnataka art and architecture. Learning outcome; After the course the students will come to know about the beginning of historical writings on art and architecture, various sources for the study of art and architecture and finally evolutions of art and architecture in Karnataka.

I. Historiography and sources: James Fergusson, Percy Brown, Henry Cousens, Alexander Rea- Later works. Manasara, Inscriptions and monuments- the Nagara, Vesara and Dravida traditions.

II. Pre-historic art and architecture: Rock paintings- megalithic structures-types- Pre-Badami Chalukya art and architecture: Sites connected with the Maurya and the Satavahana period art- The Kadambas- important monuments- main features, monuments of the Gangas of Talakad- sculptures, pillars. Role of ideology, religious groups.

III. Badami Chalukya art and architecture- the cave temples-characteristic features, the experiments at Pattadakal, important sites of structural temples, main features, cave paintings. Rashtrakuta art and architecture; different types of temples-sites of rock-cut architecture, main features, structural temples, important sites.

IV. The Chalukyas of Kalyan and the Hoysalas of Dorasamudra-places connected with the Chalukya monuments- -characteristic features, places connected with the Hoysala temple- Main features- differences and similarities between the two styles of architecture.

SELECT READING LIST: 1. Acharya, P.K. Indian Architecture According to Manasara, (Oxford, 1921) 2. ______. Architecture of Manasara, (Oxford, 1933) 3. ______. An Encyclopedia of Hindu Architecture, (London, 1946) 4. ______. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture, (London, 1927) 5. Agarwala, Vasudeva, S., Studies in Indian Art, (Varanasi, 1965) 6. ______. Evolution of the Hindu Temple and other Essays, (Varanasi, 1979) 7. Annigere, A.M., Pattadakal gudigalu, Ihole: Samskriti mattu Kale, (Kannada), 1960. 8. ______. Ihole: Samskrithi mathu Kale (Kannada), Dharwar, 1974. 9. Banerjee J.N., The Development of Hindu Iconography, (Calcutta, 1956) 10. Bharata Iyer, Indian Art; A short Introduction, (Bombay, 1958) 11. Brown Percy., Indian Architecture, Vol.I, (Bombay, 1956) 12. Burgess James., Report of the First Seasons. Operations in Belgaum and Kaladgi Distrcits, ASI, (London, 1874) 13. Coomaraswamy, A.K., History of Indian and Indonesian Art, (London, 1927) 14. ______. Yaksas, I-II, (Washington, 1928-31) 1. ______. Traditional Art and Symbolism, (Ed.) Roger Lipsy, (Princeton, 1977) 2. Cousens Henry, The Chalukyan Architecture of the Kanarese Districts, (Calcutta, 1926) 3. ______. Medieval Temples of the Deccan, (Calcutta, 1931) 4. Das Gupta, S.N., Fundamentals of Indian Art (Bombay, 1960) 5. Deneek, M.M, Indian Sculpture, Masterpieces of Indian, Khmer, and Cham Art, (London,1962) 6. Desai Devangana, Erotic Sculptures of India: A Socio-cultural Study, (New Delhi, 1985) 7. Fabri Charles, Discovering Indian Sculpture, (New Delhi, 1970) 8. Fergusson James, Illustrations of the Rock cut Temples of India, (London, 1845) 9. ______. Architecture in Dharwar and Mysore, (London, 1866) 10. ______. History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, Vol.I-II, (Delhi, 1967) 11. ______. The Cave Temples of India, (London, 1880) 12. Gopinatha Rao, T.A., Elements of Hindu Iconography, (Madras, 19140 13. Goswami, A., The Art of the Rashtrakutas, (Bombay, 1958) 14. Gravely, P.H., An Outline of Indian Temple Architecture, (Madras, 1932) 15. Gupta, J.P., Introducing Indian Art, (New Delhi, 1963) 16. Gupte, R.S., The Art and Architecture of Aihole, (Bombay, 1967) 17. _____. And Mahajan, B.D., Ajanta, Ellora, And Aurangabad Caves, (Bombay, 1962) 18. Gururaja Bhat, P., Antiquities of South Kanara, (Udupi, 1969) 19. ______. Studies in Tuluva History and Culture, (Manipal, 1975) 20. Harle, James C., Temple Gateways inSouth India, (Oxford, 1963) 21. Havell, E.B., A Handbook of Indian Art, (Varanasi, 1972) 22. _____. The Ancient and Medieval Architecture of India, (London, 1915) 23. _____. The ideals of Indian Art, (Delhi, 1962) 24. _____. The Art Heritage of India, (London, 1964) 25. Jagadish Ayyar, South Indian Shrines, (Madras, 1920) 26. Kamalapur, J.N., The Deccan Forts, (Bombay, 1961) 27. Kelleson Collyer, The Hoysala Artists: Their Identity and Styles, (Mysore, 1990) 28. Krishna Rao, M.V., The Gangas of Talakad, Madras, 1936. 29. Mahalingam, T.V., South Indian Temple Complex, (Dharwar, 1970) 30. Marg Publication, Homage to Sravanabelgola 31. Meister, Encyclopedia of Indian Temple Architecture, South India, Vol.II, (Delhi, 1988) 32. Nagaraja Rao, M.S., The Chalukyas of Badami, (Bangalore, 1974) 33. ______. The Chalukyas of Kalyani, (Bangalore, 1983) 34. Narasimhachar, R., The Keshava Temple at Somanathpura, (Bangalore, 1917) 35. ______. The Keshava Temple at Belur, (Bangalore, 1919) 36. ______. The Lakshmidevi Temple at Doddagaddavalli, (Bagnalore, 1919) 37. Nilakanta Sastri, K.A., A History of South India, Rpt. 38. Panchamukhi R.S., Archaeology of Karnataka, (Dharwar, 1953) 39. Parimoo, R., et.al., (Ed.) Ellora Caves: Sculptures and Architecture, (New Delhi, 1988) 40. Pramod Chandra, Studies in Indian Temple Architecture, (New Delhi, .) 41. Raghunath Bhat H.R., Karnataka Sasana mattu Kale, (Mysore, 1977) 42. Rambach Pierre et.al., The Golden Age of Indian Art, 5th-13th Century, (London, 1955) 43. Rajashekara, S., Art and Architecture of Karnataka, ( ) 44. ______. Early Chalukya Art at Aihole, (New Delhi, 1985) 45. Rea Alexander, Chalukyan Architecture, (1899) 46. Rowland Benjamin, The Art and Architecture of India, (London, 1953) 47. Saraswathi, A Survey of Indian Sculpture, (Calcutta, 1957) 48. Settar, S., The Hoysala Temples, (Dharwar, 1992) 49. ____. Hoysala Sculpture in the National Museum Copenhagen, (Copenhagen, 1975) 50. ____. Sravanabelgola, 1981) 51. Shaik Ali., The Western Gangas, 52. Shivarama Karanth, K., Karnatakadalli Chitrakale, (Kannada), 1971 53. _____. Chalukya Vastu Shilpa, (Bangalore, 1969) 54. Sivarama Murthi, C., The Art of India, (New York) 55. ____. Indian Sculpture, (New Delhi, 1961) 56. ____. Nolamba Sculpture in the Madras Museum, (Madras, 1964) 57. Smitha, V.A., A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, (Oxford, 1930) 58. Soundara Rajan, K.V., Art of South India: Deccan, (Delhi, 1980) 59. ______. Early Temple Architecture in Karnataka and its Ramifications, (Dharwar, 1969) 60. Srikanta Sastri, S., Hoysala Vastusilpa, (Mysore, 1965) 61. Srinivasan, K.R., Temples of South India, (New Delhi, 1972) 62. Srinivasan, T.N., South Indian Images, (Tirupathi, 1954) 63. Stein Burton, South Indian Temples; An analytical Study, (New Delhi, 1977) 64. Stella Kramrisch, Indian Sculpture, (Pennsylvania, 1960) 65. _____. The Art of India, ((London, 1964) 66. _____. The Hindu Temple, Vol.I-II, (Delhi, 1976) 67. Sundara, A., Karnataka Pragaithihasika Kalada Kale, (Kannada), (Bangalore, 1994) 68. Thapar Romila., Ashoka and the decline of the Mauryan Empire, Rpt. 1999. 69. Vatsayana, Kapila, Dance in Indian Painting, (New Delhi, 1982) 70. Venkoba Rao, B., Mysuru Desada Vasthusilpa, (Kannada), 1982 71. Vijayanagara Sex-Centenary Commemoration Volume, Dharwar, 1936. 72. Zimmer, Heinrich, Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization, (New York, 1946)