Gender Assessment USAID/Senegal June 2010 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared1 USAID/Senegal by DevTech Gender AssessmentSystems, (2010)Inc., for the Short-Term Technical Assistance & TrainingDevTech Systems,Task Order, Inc. under Contract No. GEW-I-01-02-00019. GENDER ASSESSMENT USAID/Senegal Prepared by: Deborah Rubin, Team Leader, Cultural Practice LLC with assistance from Oumoul Khayri Niang-Mbodj, DevTech Systems, Inc. Photos: Deborah Rubin, Cultural Practice LLC DISCLAIMER: The authors‟ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................1 Acronyms ..............................................................................................................................2 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................3 I. Introduction ..........................................................................................................6 II. Gender Inequalities in Senegal ..........................................................................10 III. Gender Integration in USAID/Senegal Programs and Operations ....................18 A. SO11 Economic Growth ...............................................................................18 B. SO12 Health ..................................................................................................22 C. SO13 Education .............................................................................................28 D. SO14 Peace Building, Democracy, and Governance ....................................31 IV. Draft Gender Action Plan and Recommendations .............................................36 V. Training Activity ................................................................................................42 VI. Emerging Issues .................................................................................................43 Annex A: Original Scope of Work .....................................................................................46 Annex B: Schedule of meetings in Senegal .......................................................................52 Annex C List of Senegalese Gender Experts and Organizations ......................................58 Annex D: List of Gender Integration Training Participants ...............................................62 Annex E: Niang-Mbodj Report ..........................................................................................63 Annex F: Resources ...........................................................................................................71 Annex G Training Slides ...................................................................................................80 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Gender Assessment Team was very fortunate to work with a mission committed to intensifying the way that it addresses gender issues in its programming and accurately assessing the impact of its work. Many of its staff members and the implementing partners with whom they work are already aware of the ways in which the different capabilities and endowments of women and men affect their ability to participate in and benefit from USAID development interventions. The quality of our discussions was greatly improved by the interest and willingness of staff, including mission leadership, and partners to grapple with the very real gender-based constraints that exist in many areas of Senegalese society and to consider avenues for reducing gender disparities. The team is particularly appreciative of the support provided by the Mission Director, Kevin Mullally, and the Program Officer, Christophe Tocco. Together with the Deputy Program Officer, Abdrahmane Diallo, who also serves as the Gender Advisor, they set a positive and collaborative example for the assessment. Dr. Diallo accompanied the team to the field and actively engaged in all the interviews and even served as simultaneous translator on occasion, shifting from Wolof to French to English and back without losing a beat. His knowledge of rural Senegal and gender relations is voluminous, and the content of this report has benefited from his involvement; any errors remain the responsibility of the authors. We also appreciate the time that other USAID staff members and implementing partners took to speak with us and to answer our many questions about the way that they handle gender issues in their programs. We hope the report provides useful guidance for the development of the mission‟s new strategy and future programs. Thanks also are offered to the Women in Development (WID) office in Washington, D.C. which contributed significantly to the funding that made the assessment possible, carried out through the WID IQC Task Order for Short-Term Technical Assistance and Training (STTA&T), awarded to a team primed by DevTech Systems, Inc. This assessment was carried out under the Scope of Work in Annex A. Many thanks go to Nicholas Griffin, Project Coordinator, together with Leah Carey, Senior Project Associate, both at DevTech Systems, Inc., who liaised with the mission, set up the team and ensured that the logistics all worked smoothly. Leah Carey‟s assistance in preparing the formatting of final report was a great help. Overall, their foresight and support was invaluable. The gender assessment field work was conducted by Deborah Rubin, Director, Cultural Practice, LLC, with Oumoul Khayri Niang-Mbodj (Réseau Africain pour le Développement Intégré/ Centre de recherches pour le développement international). The team also notes the helpful assistance of Sylvia Cabus, formerly of DevTech Systems, Inc., during the initial phase of work in Dakar. -Deborah Rubin 1 USAID/Senegal Gender Assessment (2010) DevTech Systems, Inc. ACRONYMS ADS Automated Directive System APROFES Association pour la Promotion de la Femme Sénégalaise CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CESTI Centre d’Etudes des Sciences et Techniques de l’Information CRDI Centre de recherches pour le développement international DGT Programme gouvernance, démocratie, transparence EDB Basic Education Program/Education du Base ENDA Environmental Development Action in the Third World FGC Female Genital Cutting GBV Gender-based Violence GESTES Groupe d’Etudes et de Recherches Genre et Sociétés GOANA Great Agricultural Offensive for Food and Abundance GOS Government of Senegal LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender IQC Indefinite Quantity Contract LAREG Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Gouvernance MARP Most At Risk Population MEPNBRLA Ministère De L’Environnement, De La Protection De La Nature, Des Bassins De Rétention Et Des Lacs Artificiels MSM Men having Sex with Men PAEM Projet D'Appui a L'Enseignement Moyen PCE Projet Croissance Economique PEPAM Programme d’eau potable et d’assainissement du Millenaire PMI President‟s Malaria Initiative RADI Réseau Africain pour le Développement Intégré RFA Request for Application RFP Request for Proposal SERA Suivi, Evaluation, Recherche and Apprentissage SIGI Social Institutions and Gender Index SNEEG Stratégie Nationale d’Equité et d’Egalité de Genre SO Strategic Objective1 SOW Scope of Work SODEFITEX Société de développement et des fibres textiles SOSATE Société de Travaux et Services et D’Assistance aux Entreprises STTA&T Short-Term Technical Assistance and Training UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women USAID United States Agency for International Development WHEPSA Women‟s Health Education and Prevention Strategies Alliances WID Women in Development 1 The Mission continues use of the term “Strategic Objective.” 2 USAID/Senegal Gender Assessment (2010) DevTech Systems, Inc. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The USAID/Senegal mission has made concerted efforts over the past few years to identify gender issues and to address gender inequalities in its programming. It has numerous projects that target women or men in order to overcome identified disparities, and which conduct the work through inclusive, community-based efforts to ensure that both men and women are made aware of the activities and to encourage their mutual participation. Yet Senegal exhibits many areas of gender disparities. According to the Global Gender Gap Index, Senegal ranks in 102nd place out of 134 countries.2 The mission is committed to improving the status of women and reducing gender inequalities in the design of its upcoming five year strategy. As part of the new strategy preparation, USAID/Senegal requested assistance with a gender assessment. This study was conducted from March 20 to April 11, 2010. It was supported jointly by the Women in Development Indefinite Quantity Contract (WID IQC) Task Order 1 Short- Term Technical Assistance and Training (STTA&T) and the USAID/Senegal mission. In addition to conducting a literature review, the team made site visits in the cities and towns of Dakar, Thiès, Kaolack, and Tambacounda and villages near each of them. These offered examples of key gender issues in Senegal, including gender disparities in access to education, unequal allocation of land and other productive resources, and gender-based violence (such as domestic violence, female genital cutting [FGC], and rape), as well as examples of USAID/Senegal‟s