Translations, Transitions, and Transgressions Sports

THE NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR THE SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT SOCIÉTÉ NORD-AMÉRICAINE DE SOCIOLOGIE DU SPORT LA SOCIEDAD NORTEAMERICANA PARA LA SOCIOLOGÍA DEL DEPORTE SPORTS AT / ON THE TRANSLATIONS, TRANSITIONS, AND TRANSGRESSIONS 2015 Annual Meeting El Dorado Hotel, Santa Fe, New Mexico November 4-7, 2015 2015 Program Committee Members Cheryl Cooky, Chair, Purdue University Elizabeth Cavalier, Georgia Gwinnett College Algerian Hart, Western Illinois University Jason Laurendeau, University of Lethbridge Nicole LaVoi, University of Minnesota Michael A. Messner, University of Southern California Maureen Smith, California State University, Sacramento Local host: John Barnes, University of New Mexico Any errors in content and layout are the responsibility of the conference program committee chair. Mary Louise Adams, Queen's University | [email protected] iHealth, Foucault, Merleau-Ponty and me: Fitness-tracking technologies and changing forms of embodiment This paper is an effort to think about the ways that fitness and health-tracking technologies are changing how people experience their bodies. Over the past few years personal digital health- monitoring technologies have proliferated, with those that track fitness and physical activity – devices like Fitbit or Jawbone, or apps like Map My Fitness and Apple Health – among the most popular. Sociologists writing on the quantified self movement and on health-tracking apps and devices (Sherman 2015; Lupton 2012, 2013) have suggested that the new technologies are contributing to new forms of subjectivity and embodiment. Scholars have argued, for instance, that the apps and devices lead people to develop an intense focus on the body, that they subject users to continual and intimate surveillance, and that they strip meaning and complexity from daily life as they quantify activities and bodily functions. For the most part these arguments are theoretical, rooted in Foucauldian notions of governmentality. In this paper I expand the theoretical frame, drawing on the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty in an effort to consider how these technologies might be changing our embodiment and, therefore, how we see the world. My own experiences of digitally-mediated walking provide a focus for an analysis of what this change might look like in everyday life. Adam Ali, Queen's University | [email protected] Feminist Approaches to Affect, Pain and Masculinity in Violent Sport Spaces I posit an alternative discussion of pain that transgresses its discursive performance within violent sport spaces by exploring the relationship between feminist approaches to affect, pain, and masculinity yet to be explored in the sport sociology literature. How, for example, can we deconstruct, and perhaps challenge, the naturalized attachment between men and pain by re- conceptualizing this connection through an affective lens? In answering this question, I turn to the feminist works of Lauren Berlant (2011) and Sara Ahmed (2004), who assist us in (1) tracing the underlying emotional and social processes that shape what is seemingly an unhealthy, problematic attachment between sporting men and pain, and (2) conceptualizing pain as an affective economy wherein the naturalizing connection between men and pain obscures the cultural processes of its becoming. Attending to pain through these feminist approaches to affect helps us unsettle current understandings of the relationship between men, pain, and sport. Rachel Allison, Mississippi State University | [email protected] Fields of Play: Situating Women’s Professional Soccer in the American Sports Landscape Relying on participant observation, interview, and media data on women's professional soccer in the U.S., I link expectations for the success of the league to the multiple, often contradictory meanings attached to soccer in the U.S. In the youth sport field, soccer is defined through the supposed sociopositive virtues of non-competitive team sport for children, and particularly for girls. Youth soccer is also centered around whiteness and the feminization of sport. In contrast, the professional sport field defines soccer around physical aggression and competition amongst adults. In this field, soccer possesses a very different set of racial and gendered meanings, with soccer continuing to imply a nonwhite, often "un-American" maleness on the cultural margins of the field. James Anderson, University of Windsor | [email protected] Hope and Strengths within Adaptive Sailing: Narratives from the Queen's Quay Disabled Sailing Program I explored how participants were transformed through their interactions with each other and within an adaptive sailing program using a Strengths and Hope Perspective (Paraschak, 2013). Through 12 semi-structured interviews with six sailors, four volunteers and two staff members in the Queen’s Quay Disabled Sailing Program (QQDSP), I examined participants’ experiences and how the QQDSP’s structures facilitated those experiences. Participants described their overall experiences in terms of independence and a sense of community. They developed new strengths and enhanced existing strengths by overcoming challenges and through access to resources and community support. Participants used their new and/or enhanced strengths to achieve personal goals and contribute to community-oriented goals. The QQDSP facilitated those experiences through its mission and by p roviding participants with opportunities to share their strengths with others. People with disabilities have historically been marginalized within sport. My presentation highlights how participants are co-transformed by focusing on what they can do, rather than what they cannot do. Lauren Anderson, Florida State University | [email protected] The NFL Combine: Sporting Labor and the Biopolitical Art of Evaluation Once a year since 1982, National Football League (NFL) executives, coaches, scouts, and medical doctors gather at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana to conduct the NFL Scouting Combine. The purpose of conducting “The Combine” is for NFL franchises to evaluate college football players who are readying for the NFL Draft. Their mission is to gather as much information from the sporting body, about the sporting body, as possible. The Combine is unique to the study of sport because of the complex processes through which labor is evaluated and commodified. To this end, the aim of this paper is to explore the biopolitical manifestations of the NFL Combine, with particular attention paid to how the evaluative technologies employed produce knowledge about sporting labor. To understand this complex labor process, we draw upon theories of labor in sport, including both Marxist and Neo-classical theories of labor. Terri Anderson, Western Illinois University | [email protected] The Underrepresentation of Women in Sport; Choice or Discrimination Since the passing of Title IX women in sport have made leaps and bounds in sport participation. However with the success of more girls and women participating in sport, who is leading their new teams? Prior to Title IX over 90% of women’s teams were coached by women and today less than 50% of women’s teams are coached by women with around 10% of NCAA institutions having no female representation on staff at all. Where have all the women gone? In today’s society women are expected to rear the children, keep the house, cook all the meals, and tend to their spouses all while earning a salary. Yet with all societal expectations is it possible to have it all? Stephen Andon, Nova Southeastern University | [email protected] Place, Memory, and Myth in Dos-A-Cero On account of eight victories in fifteen years by the US men’s national team against Mexico by the same 2-0 score, “dos a cero” has become a foundational myth of US soccer cultural identity. To understand this mythological score requires an investigative history of the US- Mexico rivalry and an examination of the power of nostalgia as it is linked to sport, place, mythic figures, and rhetorical discourses of memory. This paper, therefore, will utilize rhetorical and critical methods to trace the unique history of the US-Mexico rivalry. It will begin by exploring the rhetorical significance of place and memory in what has become the USMNT’s symbolic home stadium in Columbus, then consider the rhetorical impact of the heroes and villains of “dos a cero” matches, and conclude by considering how “dos a cero” functions today – and will function in the future – as a fully matured nostalgic myth. Vernon Andrews, San Jose State University | [email protected] The Policing of Black Expression in American Sport and Society “Celebration rules” have troubled both the NCAA and NFL over the past 32 years, since the first rules were enacted to curb athlete end zone celebrations in the NFL in 1984, and later, in the 1990s, with the “Miami Rule.” Sport offers a visual laboratory for recording and documenting the problem of the NCAA and NFL punishing Black expressive behavior and an opportunity for analysis of solutions that move beyond policing the Black body to more culturally inclusive governing styles. Black and White athletes and administrators can set an example for culturally inclusive governance that could lead – rather than follow far behind – other U.S. institutions. Improved “policing” practices are at the intersection of sport, culture, and diversity inclusion. I offer progressive suggestions that transcend sport and draw upon diversity best practices in other institutional frameworks. Over-Policing

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