UC Riverside International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference Proceedings (1957-2010)

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Title Further Study of the Tolerance to Tristeza Virus of Citrus Varieties Suitable for Rootstocks in Brazil

Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cv3q8g8

Journal International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference Proceedings (1957-2010), 5(5)

ISSN 2313-5123

Authors Rodriguez, Ody Moreira, Sylvio Salibe, Ary A. et al.

Publication Date 1972

DOI 10.5070/C57cv3q8g8

Peer reviewed

eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Further Study of the Tolerance to Tristeza Virus of Citrus Varieties Suitable for Rootstocks in Brazil 0. RODRIGUEZ, S. MOREIRA, A. A. SALIBE, and J. T. SOBRINHO

THE PRESENT PAPER reports addi- Ortho Dark Red Latosol, with no tional results, obtained from 1963 to irrigation. The area is frost free with 1968, from a trial laid out in 1950 at annual temperatures ranging from the Limeira Citrus Experimental Sta- - 0.5OC to 39.2OC. The rainfall 0s- tion to study the tolerance of root- cillates from 1 100 to 1400 mm per stocks to tristeza virus. Results ob- annum, occurring mainly from tained earlier have been reported September through March. elsewhere (2, 3, 4, 53. The occur- The yield of each tree in the exper- rence of a new strain of tristeza iment was obtained by counting the virus that severely damages Rang- number of fruit. The vigor was deter- pur lime in the Cap50 Bonito area mined by measuring the trunk cir- (7) emphasized the need for study- cumference and the height of trees. ing the tolerance to tristeza virus of various rootstocks suitable for the Results and Discussion many commercial varieties of citrus Only data from the trees on root- known in Brazil. The symptoms of stocks with superior performances, hassaku dwarf described in Japan with each scion variety studied, are have many similarities to tristeza reported here (Tables 1 and 2). Cap30 Bonito. The two diseases The varieties in decreasing order may be caused by the same virus of yield from 1955 to 1962 were complex. Dancy tangerine, Bar30 orange, and Valencia orange (5). In the period Materials and Methods 1963 to 1968, the decreasing order Nucellar lines of Valencia and was Valencia orange, Dancy tanger- Bar30 sweet orange, Dancy tangerine, and Bar50 orange. The total ine, Duncan and Foster grapefruit, production of Bar30 orange, how- and Beledy lime were budded on ever, was almost 70 per cent less seedlings of 400 rootstock varieties 'than that of Valencia orange. This and inoculated in the nursery with alteration in productivity reflects the a severe strain of tristeza virus (23. intolerance of the Bar50 orange to Trees of 77 stionic combinations tristeza virus. The best rootstocks found to be tolerant of the virus for Valencia orange were Rangpur were transplanted to the field in lime, Troyer and Morton citrange, 1950-51. Three trees of each scion mandarin 1 17477, citrumelo 4475, variety on each different rootstock and Florida sweet orange. For Bar30 were planted in a soil classified as orange the best ones were Morton TABLE 1. AVERAGENUMBER OF FRUIT (N) PER TREE PER ANNUM FROM 1963 TO 1968 AND AVERAGE TRUNK CIRCUMFERENCE IN CENTIMETERS 10 CM ABOVE BUD UNION (C) OF THE TREES ON THE BEST ROOTSTOCKS STUDIED FOR 3 TOP VARIETIES

Valencia BarZo Dancy Rootstock group orange orange tangerine and variety NCNCNC Tangerine types Rangpur lime Mandarin 117477 Sunki Clementine Cleopatra Sun Chu Sha Kat Trifoliate orange types Troyer citrange Morton citrange Citrumelo 4475 Sweet orange varieties Florida sweet seedling Lue Gim Gong Ruby Blood Homosassa Tangelo varieties Orlando Sunshine Tangelo (18-H-6)

TABLE 2. AVERAGE TRUNK CIRCUMFERENCE IN CENTIMETERS 10 CM ABOVE UNION (c) AND HEIGHT (H) OF THE TREES IN METERS ON THE BEST ROOTSTOCKS STUDIED FOR FOSTER AND DUNCANGRAPEFRUIT AN0 BELEDY LIME Duncan Foster Beledy Rootstock group grapefruit grapefruit lime and variety C H C H C H Tangerine types Rangpur lime Temple tangor Cleopatra Mandarin 117477 Pook Ling Ming Trifoliate orange type Morton citrange Tangelo varieties Orlando Sampson Tangelo 18-H-6 Swanee Sweet orange varieties Hamlin Caipira Homosassa Shamouti citrange, Rangpur lime, Sun Chu of these trees were reduced, and Sha Kat, and sunki. Cleopatra man- the fruit were always of small size darin, mandarin 1 17477, Morton and of no commercial value. More citrange, Clementine mandarin, Sun recent experiments demonstrated, Chu Sha Kat, and 18-H-6 tangelo however, that the preimmunization induced the best reaction as root- of virus-free clones of these varieties stocks for Dancy tangerine. with mild strains or complexes of Trees on the various sweet orange tristeza virus provides protection types used as rootstocks always pro- against severe strains, which make duced less than those on the best possible their com mercial cultivation rootstocks of the other groups, ex- (6). cept for the trees on Florida sweet Duncan grapefruit trees grew bet- orange (Table 1). This rootstock ter than those of Foster grapefruit variety was not used with Dancy when budded on the rootstocks tangerine as a scion. of the tangerine group. Rangpur Pera and Lamb Summer orange lime, Temple tangor, and mandarin as rootstocks induced poor vigor 1 17477 were superior rootstock and productivity in all trees except varieties for Duncan grapefruit. Fos- those of Dancy tangerine. Sweet ter grapefruit trees were better on orange trees on Lamb Summer or- Cleopatra tangerine rootstock. ange rootstock died after a few years Orlando and Sampson tangelo of growth. The fair growth of the rootstocks induced fairly good trees of Dancy tangerine on this growth of Foster grapefruit trees, rootstock indicates that the scion but not of Duncan grapefruit. The variety affected the intolerance of best tangelo rootstocks for Duncan the rootstock to tristeza virus (1). grapefruit were 18-H-6 and Swanee. However, all 6 tangelo and miscel- Within the sweet orange group, laneous varieties, including Florida the Hamlin, Homosassa, and Cai- rough lemon, used as rootstocks in- pira varieties resulted in better duced lower yields than the best growth of the grapefruit tops. rootstocks of the other groups. The best Beledy lime trees were Duncan and Foster grapefruit and those on Morton citrange rootstock, Beledy lime trees developed severe followed by those on Pook Ling wood-pitting symptoms due to tris- Ming (Rangpur lime type) and Cleo- teza virus. Growth and production patra tangerine. All other Beledy lime rootstocks made poor growth. Literature Cited

1. COSTA.A. S., GRANT,T. J., and MOREIRA. S. 1954. Behavior of various citrus S. 1949. lnvestigacdes sbbre a Tris- rootstock-scion combinations follow- teza dos Citros. II. Conceitos e dados ing inoculation with mild and severe sabre a rea~Bodas plantas citricas a strains of tristeza virus. Proc. Florida Tristeza. Bragantia 9: 59-80. State Hort. Soc. 67: 26-30. 2. COSTA.A. S., GRANT.T. J., and MOREIRA, 3. GRANT.T. J., COSTA.A. S., and MOREIRA, PROCEEDINGS of the IOCV

S. 1951. Variations in stem pitting on 6. MULLER,G. W., and COSTA,A. S. 1968. tristeza-inoculated plants of different Further evidence on protective inter- citrus groups. Proc. Florida State Hort. ference in citrus tristeza, p. 71-82. In SOC.64: 42-47. J. F. L. Childs led.), Proc. 4th Conf. 4. GRANT,T. J., MOREIRA,S., and SALIBE. Intern. Organization Citrus Virol. Univ. A. A. 1961. Citrus variety reaction to Florida Press, Gainesville. tristeza virus in Brazil when used in 7. MULLER. G. W., RODRIGUEZ,O., and various rootstocks and scion combina- COSTA.A. S. 1968. A tristeza virus tions. Plant Disease Reptr. 45: 41 6-21. complex severe to sweet orange vari- 5. MOREIRA,S. et al. 1965. Tristeza tolerant eties, p. 64-71. In J. F. L. Childs rootstocks-their behavior after twelve (ed.), Proc. 4th Conf. Intern. Organi- years in orchard, p. 18-24. In W. C. zation Citrus Virol. Univ. Florida Press, Price (ed.), Proc. 3d Conf. Intern. Or- Gainesville. ganization Citrus Virol. Univ. Florida Press. Gainesville.