THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN The oldest circulating Greek newspaper outside VEMA Greece NOVEMBER 2009 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033 E-mail: [email protected] QLD STATE YOUTH CONFERENCE

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THE HEAD OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH PATRIARCH PAVLE, DIES The head of the Serbian Ortho- He became a Bishop of Ras and dox Church Patriarch Pavle has Prizren in 1957. WINDOWS TO ORTHODOXY died. He was 95. As a Bishop of Prizren, Patriarch Pavle gave a testimony to the UN about The Fluctuating Faith the Muslim Albanian repression and of Charles Darwin Pavle, who had led the church since terror in Kosovo and the forced exodus 1990, had been hospitalized for of Christian Serbs from Serbia’s Koso- PAGES 8/26- 9/27 months. He had heart and lung prob- vo province. lems. The church said he died Sunday “It depends on us whether we’ll be- morning (15 November). have humane or inhuman, and that is A respected theologian and linguist our responsibility, to be humane even also known for personal humility and with those that are inhuman,” coun- modesty, Pavle took over the church seled the Patriarch. leadership just as the collapse of com- In 1990, he became Serbia’s Patri- munism ended years of state policy of arch after the stalemate in voting for repressing religion. the existing candidates. He had headed the church during the The patriarch wrote 2 books and turbulent years of the Balkan wars in spoke Greek, Russian and German. the 1990s and the collapse of former In 2005, the Patriarch received an President Slobodan Milosevic’s regime award from the International Fund for in 2000. Enhancement of Unity of Orthodox Peo- Bishop Amphilohije has announced ples. the Patriarch’s death by saying that his In 2007, Serbia’s crown Prince Ka- “holy Christ-loving heart has stopped a village Donji Miholjac in Slavonia. He radjordjevic awarded him a medal of ticking”. ran off from his village during the WWII Saint Sava. “There are people whose very exis- when Croatia went on a genocide Russia awarded him a medal of Dig- tence connects entire peoples. That campaign against Serbs and Jews. nity for his role in the challenging days Vancouver flame was our Patriarch. His departure is my In 1948, Gojko became a monk at the for Serbian existence. lit in ancient Olympia personal loss,” said Serbia’s President Monastery Blagovestenje and was giv- In October 8, 2008, he resigned from Tadic. en the monastic name of Pavle (Paul). the position of a Patriarch but Serbia’s Tadic said that during tough and tu- In 1950 he became an assistant pro- Holy Synod had rejected the resigna- The flame for the Vancouver Olympics was multuous time he sought the Patriarch’s successfully lit by the sun’s rays in an ancient fessor at the theological school in tion. Moments before his death, father counsel. Prizren in Serbia’s Kosovo province. In Methodious served Patriarch Pavle ceremony on Thursday, October 22, heralding Patriarch Pavle was born on Sep- the start of the torch relay for the 2010 Winter 1955, he finished graduate studies at with Holy Communion. tember 11, 1914 as Gojko Stojcevic in the university in Athens, Greece. Games. PAGE 2/20

7TH NATIONAL WELFARE CONFERENCE OF THE GREEK WELFARE CENTRES OF AUSTRALIA “A VISION FOR THE Serres Ancient customs thrive alongside modern pasttimes in this Macedonian haven of biodi- FUTURE” versity. PAGES 10/28 - 11/29 PAGE 17/35 The Greek Australian VEMA NOVEMBER 2009 2/20 TO BHMA

More than 18,000 Vancouver flame lit in ancient Olympia Australians request The flame for the Vancou- It has reached Canada on Greek pension ver Olympics was successful- October 30 for what organis- ly lit by the sun’s rays in an ers say was the largest ever More than 18,000 Australians have ap- ancient ceremony on Thurs- national relay, starting in Vic- plied for a Greek pension over the past day, October 22, heralding the toria, British Columbia, and in- year. start of the torch relay for the volving 12,000 torchbearers. The federal government signed an agree- 2010 Winter Games. Furlong said the Vancouver ment with Greece in October last year to al- The sun shone just enough organizing committee wanted low ex-pats living in both countries access over the fallen temples at the “to be sure no Canadian is to old-age pensions. birthplace of the ancient denied the right to dream and A total of 18,311 Australians, who have Olympics for a Greek actress celebrate.” lived in Greece and been covered by its so- in a priestess’ white gown Over 106 days, the relay cial insurance scheme, have applied, Cen- and sandals to focus its rays will span Canada, being trelink’s annual report shows. on a silver torch using a con- flown as far north as the Alert A further 2,482 people living in Greece cave mirror. forestry station in Nunavut, have also applied to receive an Australian The flame will burn at the which at some 800 kilometres aged pension under the agreement. February 12-28 Vancouver from the North Pole is the AAP Games, following a torch re- northernmost permanently in- lay across Canada and a habited place in the world. shorter run in Greece. Although cauldrons were lit Greece and “More than just a sporting during the ancient games, New Zealand event, the Games offer us a held in Olympia from 776 B.C. unique moment to serve the to 394 A.D, the torch relay is a in top ten places to visit cause of humanity and cele- modern addition to the brate the human spirit,” Van- Olympics. Greece and New Zealand have been couver Organising Committee It made its first appearance named two of the top ten countries in the CEO John Furlong said. during the 1936 Berlin Ga- world to visit next year. Bad weather disrupted the mes, and its Winter Games Australia didn’t make the grade in the meticulously choreographed debut was at the Innsbruck Lonely Planet’s new popular Best in Travel ceremony for the last three 1964 Olympics. guide, although the south-west of Western Winter Olympics - Turin, Salt AP Australia won a spot in the top ten regions Lake City and Nagano - and worldwide. officials had to use backup The travel bible named New Zealand on flames kindled at rehearsals. the basis of the adage “if it ain’t broke, don’t In addition to good weather, fix it”. the ceremony also benefited The authors said the last time they from a lack of protesters this checked “the land of Maori and hobbits cer- time, even though Vancouver tainly didn’t need repairing”. relay officials had been wor- Other countries named in the top ten were ried that activists would be on El Salvador, Germany, Malaysia, Morocco, hand to protest against seal Nepal, Portugal, Suriname and the USA. hunting in Canada. AP Ahead of the 2008 Beijing Games, pro-democracy and Tibetan activists protesting Droutsas lays down China‘s human rights record unfurled a banner in Oly- ‘national red line’ over mpia‘s ancient stadium during Fyrom name issue the lighting ceremony, and tried to stop the torch relay in several cities around the The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedo- world. nia cannot start talks to join the European The protests led the IOC to Union until a dispute over its name is solved, Reuters scrap international torch re- a Greek minister told on October 28. lays, and dozens of police Athens has disputed the name since Skop- were stationed at the archae- je declared independence from Yugoslavia ological site Thursday. in 1991 and took the name of Macedonia, IOC president Jacques Rog- the same as Greece’s northernmost pro- ge said the Olympic torch vince. Greece blocked its admission to Nato conveyed a global message last year over that issue. “of friendship and respect.” The European Commission recommended “The Olympic torch and fla- earlier this month that membership negotia- me are symbols of the values tions should be opened with the Balkan and ideals which lie at the country, saying it had made enough pro- heart of the Olympic Games,” gress on EU-required reforms. But all 27 EU Rogge said, as hundreds of states must agree for that to happen. spectators looked on from “The name issue must be solved before the stadium’s grassy banks. we can even think of opening accession ne- Greek giant slalom skier gotiations with Skopje,” said Alternative For- Vassilis Dimitriadis, 31, was eign Minister Dimitris Droutsas. the first torchbearer to run “This a very clear and strict line Greece is out of the ancient stadium af- taking,” Droutsas said. “We are calling this ter accepting the flame from the national red line.” Nafpliotou. Droutsas, who represents Greece in EU After an eight-day journey foreign ministers’ meetings since the social- across Greece, the torch was ists won an election on October 4, said the handed over to Canadian offi- new government wanted to find a solution cials at the restored ancient on the name. Panathenaean Stadium in ANA Athens on October 29. NOVEMBER 2009 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 3/21 Editorial

Greece to get involved in a desperate effort to protect ilar point today? Three things saved it: intensive diplo- 1989-2009: its history and the name “Macedonia,” using up huge re- matic efforts with the EU brought in tens of billions of serves of political goodwill. Instead of taking a leading euros in subsidies and structural funds; painful eco- From crisis to crisis role in the Balkans, Greece became part of the problem nomic austerity measures taken by governments after and a suppliant for its partners’ (grudging) support. 1989 allowed Greece to enter the eurozone, resulting in Where Greece was once NATO’s southeastern bastion interest rates plummeting, while borrowing and con- By Nikos Konstandaras against Communism, suddenly it was irrelevant and the sumer spending took off; and finally, about 1 million im- USA pulled its bases out of the country (with the excep- migrants flooded into the country. This third factor was When the Iron Curtain came crashing down in 1989, tion of in Souda Bay, Crete, which is useful for Ameri- a direct and unpredictable result of the collapse of the Greece was living through its own revolution. A few ca’s Central Asian and Middle Eastern campaigns). At East Bloc. Despite the initial friction at the social level, months earlier, in July, 40 years after the Left’s defeat the same time, Turkey acquired great influence due to immigration played a significant role in saving the in the Greek Civil War, the conservative New Democra- its active involvement in Central Asia, the Balkans and Greek economy. It allowed both parents to work, as cy party had formed a government with the Coalition, a the Middle East - all regions where Greece was totally foreign women now looked after the children and ailing grouping of the country’s major left-wing parties. Today absent. grandparents; foreign workers took over farm work; this cooperation is judged mainly on the basis of its On the fluid geostrategic front, Greece kept missing construction (from housing to Olympic projects) was failed effort to destroy Andreas Papandreou, the PASOK opportunities and losing influence. On the domestic based on migrant workers and social security funds got leader who had just been defeated after eight years in front, the hard political confrontation that led to PASOK’s an unexpected windfall from the influx of workers. To- power. But this underestimates the political significance fall in 1989, and the two shaky coalition governments day the EU funds are drying up and cheap loans have of the eventual and decisive end of ideological differ- that followed (the second including PASOK), rocked the led to unsupportable debt burdens and personal and ences in Greece. Whether this was the result of the economy. The European Commission, the International social problems. The immigrants, however, are here to electoral deadlock at the time or an opportunistic effort Monetary Fund and Greek analysts warned that without stay as a dynamic part of the economy. to dismember PASOK, the short-lived coalition govern- substantial reforms Greece was in danger. At the time, In 1989 our world changed, bringing problems and ment in 1989 changed Greece - in the same year that the public deficit was at 14.5 percent of gross domes- opportunities. Looking back, we can see where we did the world was changing. tic product (GDP), public debt was 69.9 percent and well and where we went wrong. In 2009, we aren’t ex- The collapse of the Soviet Bloc triggered a sequence growth at 3.8 percent of GDP. Twenty years later, the pecting the fall of Communism - we are living through of events that led to Greece’s reduced influence in the deficit is estimated at 12.5 percent, the debt at 112.6 the agonies of capitalism gone mad. The global crisis region. Then Greece was the only country to be a mem- percent, and rising rapidly, and development is at minus makes our problems worse. But, as 1989 showed, with ber of both the European Union and NATO, today it is 1.1 percent. Warnings from the European Commission hard work and luck, we will be able to continue - lurch- just another member of these two organizations, while are even more dire than in 1989. ing from crisis to crisis. all its neighbors have also joined or are well on their The Greek economy was at its limits in 1989, as it is way to doing so. The breakup of Yugoslavia forced now. How did it survive a full 20 years to reach a sim- KATHIMERINI “Dad, where are the icons?” “Out of the mouth of babes and nursing infants You have prepared praise…” (Ps 8:3).

The eldest added, “Oh, so they believe in some different in the ‘watering down’ of truth or the mingling of our things to us?” This is where the trouble started. Some own values and ideals. Speaking against a bill to allow friends quickly jumped in to ‘save the situation’. therapeutic cloning for embryonic stem cell research, “No, we’re all the same”, these ‘informed’ adults an- the former Prime Minister of Australia John Howard de- nounced. To avoid a theological debate during an oth- clared, “I think we do live in an age where we have slid erwise enjoyable luncheon, I simply glared at my two too far into relativism, and there must be some ab- By PETER trouble-makers and told them we would discuss the is- solutes in our society.” He was right. For the sake of po- MAVROMMATIS * sues at home. litical correctness and the seeking and accepting of ir- There was no discussion at home. Discussion and di- relevant or ignorant opinions (!), we have begun to lose alogue need to be undertaken on a wider scale if we identity, or rather, adopt identities which we ought not. I considered the theme for this month’s column some are to combat relativism, the scourge of our times. Let us recall the words of the holy Elder Porphyrios months ago but chose to avoid it, thinking this was pos- Relativism can simply be defined as the movement to who said, among many pearls of wisdom, that “the sibly not the best forum for such a discussion, but two fit everything within one’s social, religious or cultural Truth is not an abstract idea or thought. The Truth is a recent discussions have ‘forced’ me to speak up. context. A particular identity is not cherished because Person. I am the Truth, Christ announced. He did not The first stimulus came in church some weeks ago the idea of an absolute truth is rejected since everything say, “I came to tell you a few nice things about truth to where a young mother and god-mother had brought the ‘fits’ or is ‘acceptable’ within any given context. Pro- help you along”, He said; ‘I am the Way the Truth and child to receive Holy Communion for the first time. They tagoras, among the early philosophers, was the first to the Life!’ (John 14:16)” were obviously frustrated that the service was not as propose that truth is in one’s own context. Therefore Having “put on Christ” (Gal 3:27) through our Baptism simple and quick as drive-thru at MacDonald’s and ‘anything goes’ and so likening women without veils to into His Holy Body the Church, it is imperative that we i- voiced their frustrations saying, “That’s what I like about meat which invites the attacks of prowling cats, genital dentify ourselves with Him and avoid the temptation to the Catholic church. They finish things so much quicker mutilation practiced in some East African nations and seek quick and easy solutions to our faith. There is one and we all believe in the same God anyway.” the massacre of innocent populations are acceptable God, one Church and one Faith; that of the Orthodox. The second struck closer to home. My family had because in their own contexts they are ‘good’. God for- This is the Truth of which Jesus spoke. I do not want to been invited to a wedding of a friend in a Reformed bid! be mistaken as a fundamentalist because that extreme church. Upon entering the church building my nearly six- The first critique of relativism came from Plato who has its own problems. Quite simply though, the plurali- year-old protested: “Dad, where are the icons?” Her rejected it based on the following argument. If truth is ties that exist today which make artificial connections three year old sister joined in adding, “Where are the relative then relativism does not meet its own criteria; it between religions and denominations simply distract candles?” To my horror (only for the lack of decorum!), itself cannot be absolute. the faithful by enticing them with quick and easy alter- the five year old called out when seeing a female min- An ancient fable highlights the shortcomings of rela- natives, passing themselves off as banquets but being ister celebrating the service, “Dad, why is the πάτερ a tivism. An elephant was brought before blind men who nothing other than fast food. girl? That’s silly! Πάτερ’s can’t be girls!” were each given a different part of the elephant to feel. The lack of direction and identity which trouble many I state from the outset that those very Orthodox com- The first felt the head and insisted that it was a pot. The today are a direct result of this watering down of the ments from these children are not something I boast second felt the tail and insisted it was a paint brush. Truth. Only Christ and His Holy Orthodox Church provide about or claim, but testament to the significant role Another felt the ears and was adamant that it was a opportunities for people to find their true identity and played by the Orthodox Day Schools and the catechists fan. Yet another felt the legs and was adamant it was a place in the world. of the Sunday schools where the eldest attends! strong pillar. Each man insisted on his own opinion. The To comment, agree, or disagree, visit: I responded calmly out of respect for the place we truth is however, that they were all wrong. They felt an http://petermav.livejournal.com/ were in, but when the same questions were asked elephant! Truth is truth. It is not open to each person’s more vigorously during the luncheon in the hall follow- opinion or any debate. * Peter Mavrommatis is a teacher of Orthodox Studies and Per- ing the service, I realised I had some explaining to do. Tolerance of other people’s views ought not to result sonal Development at St Spyridon College Senior School Sydney. 4/22 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA NOVEMBER 2009

SCRIPTURE TEACHERS RECEIVE BASIC ACCREDITATION

The hospitable Parish of St Stylianos in southern Syd- These in-service courses are free and open to all. ney greeted 35 scripture teachers from the Parishes of They build upon the Basic Accreditation Course at Liverpool, Kogarah and Sutherland on Monday October around three-month intervals. The courses are conduct- 19, 2009. It was a bright spring day with blue skies that ed at regional education centres of Parramatta and radiated a warm friendly atmosphere for this in-service Sutherland. It is hoped that new education centres will course. be established in the years to come. To date more than Father Constantine Varipatis who is the representa- 100 teachers have been involved at some stage. tive of the Archdiocese on Special Religious Education in Father Constantine is our Archdiocese representative State Schools opened the meeting with prayer. He wel- on the Inter-Church Committee on Religious Education in comed the delegates and conveyed the blessings of His State Schools and directs the State Schools Scripture Eminence Archbishop Stylianos. Teaching Committee. He emphasised the importance of Father Sophronios Konidaris then presented the first this missionary effort to our children. He noted that ever Basic Accreditation Certificates to those teachers Father Sophronios with exuberant certificate recipients parishes need to prepare for the coming year. He en- who had attended the initial training and submitted their couraged as many teachers as possible to become in- assignments. This certification was described as a re- volved in the training which is important for their pro- markable development in the progress of special reli- fessional development. Father Constantine thanked the gious education in State Schools. philoptochos of the parish which catered abundantly Teachers then divided into smaller groups and the and with true Greek hospitality for the training program. first of the training sessions on lesson planning were These programs provide participants with a sense of presented by Mrs Helen Magdas. She is a high school identity and community. The next follow-up in-service teacher with vast experience in Sunday schools and cat- course is planned for the Parishes of Parramatta, Black- echesis. She was associated with the development of town, St Marys and Thornleigh in November. For further the infants and primary school curriculum through the enquiries please contact your parish priest. Pantanassa Monastery, Mangrove Creek. She has also For those who are already involved in teaching please been our Church representative on religious education. note that the new 2010 teaching materials for the in- The other concurrent group was led by Mr Peter fants and primary schools are now freely available Mavrommatis. He is a graduate of the St Andrew’s Workshopping to make teaching effective for our children through Pantanassa Monastery. This format is a mixed Greek Orthodox Theological College and is also a curriculum that combines themes. An interim program teacher of religion at St Spyridon College. He outlined College, Belmore spoke personally about the role of for high schools is being trialled in 2010. aspects of classroom management to the seminar creativity in teaching religion. She impressed the audi- Dr Jim Athanasou groups. ence with many examples. These emphasised the ben- St Andrew’s Greek Orthodox Mrs Pelagia Kalogerakis, a teacher from All Saints efit of expression through art, writing, design and acting. Theological College UN’s Ban Ki-moon in Athens

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon may Ban told Papandreou that UN envoy have been in Athens for a UN-sponsored Matthew Nimetz is ready to resume talks GREEK ORTHODOX ARCHDIOCESE OF AUSTRALIA migration conference, but it was his efforts between Athens and Skopje to resolve the      towards settling the Cyprus problem and lingering name dispute. Fyrom name dispute that topped the agen- “I am encouraged that the prime minister da in his talks with Prime Minister George told me that Greece is ready and will fully Papandreou and President Karolos Papou- support the ongoing facilitation role by my lias. envoy,” the Secretary-General told the The UN-sponsored Cyprus settlement news conference. talks have entered a crucial bargaining Nimetz immediately invited the Greek phase, but Athens and Nicosia insist that no and Fyrom negotiators to meet in New York deal is possible without concrete moves on November 16. from Turkey, which maintains 40,000 In his address, Papoulias defended troops on the island. Greece’s move to block Fyrom’s EU and Ban and UN envoy Alexander Downer Nato entry if a name settlement is not are treading cautiously, keenly aware of reached. the reasons for the failure of the Annan Plan in 2004. At the time, Greek Cypriots Rhetoric Scripture Teachers 2010 overwhelmingly rejected the plan, charging “They [Skopje] call their state Macedonia, it was stacked in Turkey’s favour. and their ethnicity and language Macedon- “The international community has invest- ian because, in this way, they want to lay If you have an interest in volunteering for the Church and teaching ed a great deal in this Cypriot-driven pro- claim to the whole of Macedonia. This is Scripture in State Schools of New South Wales – cess, and has high expectations,” Ban told the aim of their rhetoric about ‘a great, di- a joint press conference after talks with vided Macedonian fatherland’,” Papoulias please contact your parish priest. Papandreou. “I believe the talks are making said, referring to recent comments by Fy- reasonably good progress, and this mo- rom PM Nikola Gruevski. Our aim is to have a scripture teacher wherever there are three or mentum must be kept up.” In an address to the Greek parliament on November 5, Ban focused on the UN’s role more Orthodox children in a school. If you cannot commit on a Invasion in the renewed multilateralism of the 21st weekly basis then at least offer your services as a relief teacher. In addressing the Secretary-General at a century. luncheon he hosted for Ban on November While in Athens, the UN Secretary-Gener- We also need assistant teachers for large classes. See your priest 4, Papoulias stressed that any settlement al lavished praise on Greece’s historical must “remove the consequences of the and cultural accomplishments, from the and put your name down for our next ½ day training program. [Turkish] invasion and end the occupation”. concept of democracy to ancient philoso- “The fact that a candidate country such phy. Sponsored by the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia as Turkey does not recognise an EU mem- “Greek thought and words imbue much and St Andrew’s Greek Orthodox Theological College ber-state such as Cyprus is a blatant para- of our language and our intellectual dis- dox, which offends the authority of the u- course,” he said. nion itself,” he said. ATHENS NEWS NOVEMBER 2009 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 5/23

Glimpses of a Symbolic Anthropology Part Three: Flesh as the Human Nature

Revd Dr Doru Costache * sinews’. Since the Creator made us conscious minds in (allusion to Genesis 3:19). Secondly, Genesis 6:17 speaks organic beings, there is no suggestion here of the cus- of ‘all flesh in which is the breath of life’, where the term tomary dualistic approach that makes of the soul a supe- obviously designates both the human and animal realms. The intention of this series is to prove from within the rior entity imprisoned in a cage of flesh. Even more so, in This meaning is confirmed by the conversation of God and ecclesial tradition that Orthodoxy has no share in what Luke 24:39 the risen Christ confirms that the flesh is just Noah (cf. Genesis 9:17), after the flood, when God estab- secular people today designate as the Christian aversion as transfigured and immortalised as any other element of lishes a covenant with ‘all flesh that is on the earth’. This against the body. the human being. second meaning, as illustrated by the flood narrative, is In the previous article, I illustrated the positive use of the A more complex use of the word appears in Genesis not only more encompassing than the previous, given its word ‘flesh’ through texts from the Divine Liturgy. Far from 2:23-24. Here, ‘flesh’ is first indicative of the consubstan- biological connotation; it is also more positive. It actually bearing a predominantly negative connotation, flesh or the tiality of man and woman (‘bone of my bones and flesh of points to the hope that all flesh/living things on earth will body represents an important component of the human my flesh’), and subsequently a sign of their mystical com- be healed and saved. being. Usually and inadvertently associated with sin, the munion (‘they become one flesh’). In other words, in this This salvific hope, within a strictly anthropological, nar- flesh is in fact abused by the human person through context he term evokes two distinct degrees of relation; rower, frame of reference, pervades the wisdom and wrong choices, which we consider failures, sins or vices. namely, the ontological identity of the two genders, and prophetic literature of the Old Testament. The ‘flesh’ is no But the flesh can become also an instrument of salvation, the existential rapports that are sacramentally established, longer a sign of mere mortality and corruption. Hope in and in fact the content of salvation is communicated to us on an interpersonal level, through the bond of love be- the Lord changes the entire perspective and the flesh as- through holy communion, or the flesh and blood of the tween a man and a woman. Interestingly, the phrase in pires to union with God as much as any other component transfigured Lord of glory. This is the main reason why we Genesis 2:23 (‘bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh’) of the human being. The Psalmist (63/622:1) gives expres- believe that the entire human person, mind, soul and body, frequently reappears in the Scriptures, like in 2 Kings sion to this aspect in an exuberant manner: ‘O God, you enjoys the providential protection of God. (Samuel) 5:1, where the Israelites tell David ‘we are your are my God, I seek you, my soul thirsts for you; my flesh Before the series moves towards other glimpses of our bone and flesh”. In such cases, the word ‘flesh’ desig- faints for you, as in a dry and weary land where there is symbolic anthropology, this article will further ponder the nates a broader communion, the genetic link of a nation. no water’. Even more explicitly positive, within the same notion of the ‘flesh’ in the Scriptures. Given that in many In the same line of thought, and illustrating a far broad- soteriological framework, Ezekiel (11:19) equates the new respects the reader will find here similar ideas to those er semantic area of the term, ‘flesh’ becomes a generic spirit with the restored flesh: ‘I will give them one heart, presented in the previous article, one cannot avoid con- term for humankind. The Psalmist (55/561:4) states: ‘in God and put a new spirit within them; I will remove the heart cluding that there is a perfect agreement between the I hoped; I will not fear what flesh can do to me’. ‘Flesh’ of stone from their flesh and give them a heart of flesh’. Scriptures and the Divine Liturgy. And as much as the represents here an alternative for the ‘sons of men’ (see Such very positive understandings seem to be in tune Liturgy incorporates scriptural material, in like manner the Psalm 52/53:2) or for all of humanity. In Psalm 64/65:2 the with, and indeed past reverberations of, the mystery of in- Bible also incorporates liturgical material. Of interest here, poet expresses the hope that ‘all flesh shall come’ to God carnation. It is well known that it is precisely through tak- however, and without any claim of exhaustivity, is the fact or that all people will turn to their Creator. ing flesh that the Logos of God manifested his uncreated that the word ‘flesh’ bears indefinite connotations. Furthermore, in the flood narrative the term denotes the radiance, as reflected in John 1:14: ‘the Word became The Scriptures speak about the complex structure of the entire earthly biosphere, human and nonhuman. Firstly, flesh and lived among us, and we have seen his glory’. human being as consisting of a ‘soul’ and a ‘flesh’ or Genesis 6:3 applies the word, with a very strong negative Turning to the New Testament, perhaps one of the most ‘body’. Nevertheless, there is an indication, as in Job connotation, to the fallen humankind when God points out renowned scriptural passages relevant to our topic is 10:11, that what we usually understand by the soul is ac- our incapacity to live indefinitely: ‘My spirit shall not abide when the Lord asserts that ‘the spirit indeed is willing, but tually the “I”, the inner self, which represents the con- in mortals forever, for they are flesh’ (see also verse 12). the flesh is weak’ (Mark 14:38). Obviously, here we have scious side of the biological structure: ‘You clothed me The nuance is reiterated in Job 34:15, which states: ‘all at least two significant ideas; that there is a distinction be- with skin and flesh, and knit me together with bones and flesh would perish together and all mortals return to dust’ tween spirit and flesh, and that the latter is weaker than the former. It is still debatable whether Christ speaks of two elements of the human constitution, the soul/spirit and GREEK ORTHODOX ARCHDIOCESE OF AUSTRALIA the body/flesh, or two ways of life, of which the one des- ignated as ‘spirit’ (spiritual) is superior to the one called GREEK WELFARE CENTRE ‘flesh’ (fleshly, earthly, passionate). One way or the other, the idea remains the same: ‘flesh’ bears a negative, yet 378A King Street (PO Box 784) Newtown NSW 2042 not excessively so, connotation. Tel: (02) 9516 2188 Fax: (02) 9516 3177 The idea of a distinction, this time more emphatically ex- Email: [email protected] istential (that is referring to two different lifestyles) is echoed by the text in John 3:6, where Christ maintains that ‘what is born of the flesh is flesh, and what is born of the spirit is spirit’. Read within its immediate context, the say- ing refers to the two births that can be experienced by a person during this lifetime, the natural and the baptismal respectively. Being born to this world as fleshly beings, or ‘earthlings,’ people are called to a superior way of life whose principle is the mystical regeneration gracefully ef- fected by God through our baptism. But more so, the say- ing might suggest a behavioural dimension pertaining to the two lifestyles: the deeds of the flesh and the deeds of the spirit. In light of the above, the whole point is not in fighting the flesh but in changing one’s lifestyle according to the exi- On Sunday 1st November the Greek Welfare Centre gencies of the spirit. Characteristically, in Christ and held its 33rd Annual Walkathon at Saint Nicholas Greek through Christ the human flesh plays a crucial role in our Orthodox Church in Marrickville, NSW. His Eminence accessing life eternal: ‘I am the living bread that came Archbishop Stylianos and His Grace Bishop Seraphim down from heaven. Whoever eats of this bread will live lead the participants in the Walkathon and expressed forever; and the bread that I will give for the life of the their thanks to all who participated and helped with the world is my flesh’ (John 6:51). organisation of the event. The Hon Carmel Tebbutt Deputy Premier of NSW and Counsellor Emanuel Tsar- Notes: doulis from Marrickville Council also attended the event 1 The first number indicates the Septuagint version and the second the where hundreds of people participated in the after- Hebrew version. In this case and throughout the article I preferred the Sep- noon festivities and glendi. tuagint version, with one exception (noted below). A total of $36,000.00 was raised by the Walkathon to 2 Here, the first number refers to the Hebrew version and the second the Septuagint version. The change is due to my preference here for the He- assist the various programs run by the Greek Welfare brew version. Centre. Our thanks to everyone who contributed to the success of the day. * Revd Dr Doru Costache lectures in Patristics at St Andrew’s Theological College, Sydney The Greek Australian VEMA NOVEMBER 2009 6/24 TO BHMA

GREEK ORTHODOX PRIEST AND DAY SCHOOL PARTICIPATE IN THE ‘5TH REGIONAL INTER-FAITH DIALOGUE’

Major participation from Perth’s Parish Priest, Reverend Father Elpidios and St. Andrew’s Greek Orthodox Grammar School, help to make the ‘5th Regional Inter-faith Dialogue’ a resounding success.

On Friday 30 October at Fraser’s Restaurant in Kings Park, the efforts of many hours of hard work by students of St. Andrew’s Grammar, culminated in a performance before dignitaries and other invited guests for the Closing Ceremony of the ‘5th Regional Inter-faith Dialogue’ which was held in Perth, Western Australia this year.

Invitation to Participate Reverend Father Elpidios, Parish Priest of the Church of Sts Constantine and Helene, represented the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia at the ‘5th Regional (Back Row from Left) Tony Lam, Andy Mootoosamy formance was conducted by students from various Perth Inter-faith Dialogue’ held from 28 October to 30 October in And Bogdan Radovanovic schools, including those from St. Andrew’s Grammar. The Perth. The Dialogue, entitled Future Faith Leaders: Regional (Front Row, far Right) Liana Ottobrino Inter-faith Workshop, along with the two rehearsals was Challenges and Cooperation, involved delegations from the perfect lead-up to this event for the four students who each of the member countries of the Association of South- were able to deliver their lines with conviction and under- east Asian Nations (ASEAN) in addition to Australia, East The Dialogue standing. The Closing Ceremony reached its pinnacle Timor, Fiji, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Father The Governor of Western Australia, His Excellency Dr Ken when the Perth Declaration was announced by the Head Elpidios participated as a member of the Australian dele- Michael, AC, officially opened The Dialogue at the Royal of the Australian Delegation. Thus, the School’s involve- gation. Australia, together with Indonesia, New Zealand Perth Yacht Club. All of the delegates were welcomed to ment, as well as that of Father Elpidios have made our and the Philippines co-sponsored the event. Australia by the traditional Aboriginal owners of the land local Greek and wider community very proud indeed! In turn, Father Elpidios invited the involvement of the Year and an Indigenous dance performance by the Wadumbah 10 students of St. Andrew’s Grammar to participate in the Dance Troupe. During the course of the Dialogue, four ple- Dr Angela Evangelinou-Yiannakis Dialogue in two ways; (1) Four students to be involved in nary sessions took place: (Vice Principal of St. Andrew’s Grammar) the performance at the Closing Ceremony and (2) The 1. Plenary Session One was led by Australia and the entire cohort to take part in an Inter-faith Workshop at the topic was Building Relationships Amongst Future Faith School with four special guests. Coordinated by the Vice Leaders: Fostering Networks and Practical Principal of the School, Dr Angela Evangelinou-Yiannakis, Partnerships Amongst Future Faith Leaders. and with the assistance of a number of other members of 2. Plenary Session Two was led by Indonesia and the staff, the involvement achieved outstanding outcomes. topic was Faith and Education: Preventing the Radi- calisation of Vulnerable Youth. Student Involvement 3. Plenary Session Three was led by the Philippines With only a preliminary general description of the event and the topic was Conflict Resolution and Peace- provided to the students and a pressing deadline at hand, building: Combating Misinformation, Prejudice and they were eager to take part in any way they could. For Bigotry about Various Faith Groups. the pre-scripted play, four students from different faiths 4. Plenary Session Four was led by New Zealand and and cultural backgrounds were required. It did not take the topic was Faith and the Media/Internet: long for these students to either volunteer their services or Combating Religious Stereotypes. to accept nominations from their peers. In a perfect com- bination of the required faith backgrounds and gender bal- Following each plenary session, delegates were divided ance, the following students took part in the performance: into four working groups (workshops) to discuss the ideas Bogdan Radovanovic (Christian Orthodox), Liana Ottobrino raised. They were encouraged to develop realistic and (Catholic), Andy Mootoosamy (Hindu) and Tony Lam (Bud- practical follow-up activities as part of the Working Group dhist). These students, accompanied by various teachers, discussions. A selection of these initiatives was then attended each of the rehearsals leading up to the final included in the Declaration. The type of questions on which performance on 30 October. the delegates focussed during the workshops included:

Inter-faith Workshop at the School a) While leaders are important, how can ordinary peo- On the morning of 28 October, the Vice Principal intro- ple become involved in networks of interdepend- duced four special guest speakers to the Year 10 cohort ence? for the eagerly-awaited Inter-faith Workshop. The inter- b) What tools are at your disposal to build networks state visitors, Reverend Geoff Westlake, Rabbi Zalman among people from different countries and faiths? Kastel, Sheik Haisam Farache and Jarod McKenna, repre- c) Is education in your country favourable to faith or does sented various faiths, thus communicating to the students it undermine faith? directly from personal experience and expertise. The d) What new approaches to education can you think of Workshop, which lasted approximately one and a half which could help shape the attitudes of young people hours, had the Year 10 students and staff present spell- in relation to inter-faith issues? bound as the four speakers were able to extract genuine e) How does the economic situation in an area/group THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN The oldest The Greek circulating impact on conflict-prevention and peace-building? Greek questions and responses from the students regarding their newspaper outside VEMA Greece Australian f) What strategies are you aware of, or have used, to OCTOBER 2009 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033 E-mail: [email protected] views on world issues and different religions. They also OUR PRIMATE’S VIEW THE ULTIMATE DOWNFALL managed to break stereotypes by role-playing and inter- address various stereotypes about religion? PAGE 5/23 VEMA acting with the students as a result of the questions posed g) How can the internet be used in your country as a tool MELBOURNE and responses received. As the Workshop came to an end, for interfaith dialogue to promote religious understand- ADELAIDE WINDOWS TO ORTHODOXY ings and discussion? Beware Pulpit it was evident from both the staff and students that they Hypnotism PAGES 8/26- 9/27 The oldest could have listened to the guest speakers for many more SYDNEY circulating hours without their interest waning. However, in the short The Closing Ceremony

Greek Orthodox Youth Overlooking the Swan River, Fraser’s Restaurant in Kings Orchestra of Brisbane space of time with them, the students learned a big les- Just over 6 years ago, the Greek Ortho- YOUTH CONFERENCES Greek dox Southside Parish Community of the Dormition of the Theotokos founded the Greek Orthodox Youth Orchestra of Bris- COMPLETED IN ALL STATES bane. PAGES 11/29, 14/32, 16/34 son; that in a multicultural society such as that of Australia, Park was the prestigious location for the Closing Cere- PAGE 18/36 Reflections newspaper mony. A speech was delivered by the Hon Mr Stephen at the it is the commonalities amongst us that, if cultivated, work Close of St Andrew’s Smith, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs along with remarks Patristic outside to produce a unified and harmonious community. Through Symposium Naxos The Aegean explorer’s paradise on St Basil A longtime favourite with sunseekers made by co-sponsor ministers and representatives from and steeped in heritage, the largest the Great that understanding, there comes respect for fellow human of the Cyclades has a wealth of inland /30 treasures. PAGE 12 PAGE 17/35 Greece beings. Indonesia, New Zealand and the Philippines. Finally, a per- NOVEMBER 2009 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 7/25 Facts & Stats

CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSS Smoking, obesity major issues for developing world DIES Tobacco and obesity are overtaking hunger and infectious dis- Dr Kowal said Indonesia was a classic example of a developing PARIS, AFP - French anthropolo- ease as leading causes of death and illness across the developing country that had levels of smoking and obesity “increasing as the gist Claude Levi-Strauss, whose world, an Australian expert has warned. gross national income per capita increased” while India, China and work deeply influenced Western As globalisation had lifted millions of people out of poverty, Dr many South-East Asian countries were on a similar path. thinking about civilisation, has died Paul Kowal said free trade agreements had allowed the rapid He said tobacco companies were known to tailor their marketing at the age of 100, his publisher movement of processed food and tobacco products into the efforts in developing countries to try to reach those in the popula- Plon said. world’s poorest nations. tion that had not traditionally smoked - women. Levi-Strauss died on the week- Many developing countries now faced new and mounting health They also worked to sidestep advertising bans through the spon- end according to fellow academ- threats from the expanding availability of fast food, soft drinks and sorship of sporting teams or by selling cigarettes “by the stick”. ics at the school of social sci- cigarettes, he said. Vietnam, which has one of the world’s highest rates of smokers ences. “To increase development in a country, they are forced to open at 56 per cent of men and two per cent of women, has moved to Trained as a philosopher, Levi- up to transnational corporations including tobacco corporations,” Dr ban smoking in indoor public places from January next year. Strauss shot to prominence with Kowal said of the trend emerging in the world’s developing nations. Another speaker told the conference that Vietnam spent about his 1955 book Tristes Tropiques, a “And there is a clear correlation between the local presence of a $US77.5 million ($A84.47 million) each year on health care to treat haunting account of his travels and tobacco company and increasing tobacco uptake.” tobacco-related diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease. studies in the Amazon basin that is Dr Kowal holds a position on a research committee within the “Smoking kills, that’s pretty clear, and it has overtaken infectious considered one of the 20th centu- World Health Organisation (WHO) and is also a Senior Research Fel- disease in a lot of lower-income countries yet there is still a mis- ry’s major works. low at the University of Newcastle. conception there that infectious disease is rampant,” Dr Kowal said. He was a leading proponent of He spoke to AAP on Tuesday after he addressed the Internation- “In fact, we’re seeing a double burden of disease - non-commu- structuralism, which sought to un- al Conference on Realising the Rights to Health and Development nicable disease from risk factors like induced poor eating habits or cover the hidden, unconscious or for All underway in Hanoi in Vietnam. smoking uptake is becoming a bigger and bigger problem.” primitive patterns of thought be- Dr Kowal pointed to WHO estimates that, if trends continue, there Health experts at the conference are calling on governments to lieved to determine the outer real- will be more than eight million tobacco-related deaths a year by increase tobacco taxes, ban tobacco advertising, improve educa- ity of human culture and relation- 2030, 80 per cent of them in the developing world. tion about tobacco-related diseases, adopt global and legally-bind- ships. In 2000, the number of overweight and obese adults in the world ing codes, and limit market access to transnational corporations. exceeded the number of underweight for the first time. AAP RAT ATTACK TO HIT SYDNEY

SYDNEY, AAP - Scientists are breeding an army of rats which they plan to let loose across Syd- St Andrew’s ney. But these are not the filthy, dis- ease-riddled black rats commonly found romping around sewers. They are the altogether cleaner Greek Orthodox Theological College - and some would say cuter - na- tive bush rat, often known as the bogul or by its latin name rattus fuscipes. ENQUIRIES AND APPLICATIONS WELCOME Back in the early 1900s num- bers of the humble bush rat fell significantly, but accidentally, in St Andrew’s was established in 1986 by the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia in order Sydney during a campaign to ex- to provide tertiary level education and training of Christian Orthodox clergy, theologians, lay terminate the black rat. Loss of bushland around Mos- teachers and ministers in order to meet the catechetical and pastoral needs of the Orthodox man, Cremorne and Manly further decimated their population and the Church in Australia. It is also intended to be a centre of ecumenical scholarship and learning. It species has only very rarely been is fully accredited through the Sydney College of Divinity, a federation of Christian theological seen in the city ever since. A team of researchers are education providers (www.scd.edu.au). All the awards and degrees are approved by the NSW breeding bush rats in captivity and Department of Education and Training. plan to release them in 12 areas, including Mosman and Cremorne during 2011 to see if they can re- St Andrew’s offers the following accredited awards: Bachelor of Theology (with Honours), establish themselves. Graduate Certificate in Arts, Graduate Diploma of Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Theology, and AUSTRALIA 20TH a Basic Unit of Clinical Pastoral Education in Aged Care. For further information please contact IN GENDER GAP INDEX the Registrar: NEW YORK, AP - Australia ranks No.20 in a worldwide survey on St Andrew’s Creek Orthodox Theological College how women trail men in econom- ic and political power. 242 Cleveland Street, Redfern NSW Nordic countries come closest to Tel: 02 9549 3100 / Fax: 02 9549 3151 closing the gender gap, according to a World Economic Forum sur- Website: www.sagotc.edu.au / Email: [email protected] vey. The four Nordic countries topped the Global Gender Gap In- Ἡ Θεολογικὴ Σχολὴ τοῦ Ἀποστόλου Ἀνδρέου προσφέρει πλούσιο πρόγραμμα σπουδῶν, dex since it was first released in καὶ τὰ πτυχία Bachelor of Theology (with Honours), Graduate Certificate in Arts, Graduate 2006 by the Geneva-based group. They did so again this year, but Diploma of Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Theology τὰ ὁποῖα εἶναι ἀναγνωρισμένα ἀπὸ τὸ Iceland replaced Norway in the No.1 position. Finland was second, Ὑπουργεῖο Παιδείας τῆς ΝΝΟ σὰν ἰσότιμα μὲ τὰ τῶν λοιπῶν Πανεπιστημιακῶν Σχολῶν. Norway third, and Sweden fourth. Ἐπίσης ἔχει ἀναγνωρισθεῖ ἡ Θεολογική μας Σχολὴ σὰν ἰσότιμη μὲ τὶς Θεολογικὲς Σχολὲς New Zealand grabbed the fifth spot. τῶν Πανεπιστημίων τῆς Ἑλλάδος. NOVEMBER 2009 8/26 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Windows to Orthodoxy The Fluctuating Faith of Charles Darwin

By Guy Freeland * teenth-century country parson he ardently ry. If a theory works, a theory works; to admired, Gilbert White, the author of the confuse its generation with the scientific Charles 2009 marks a double anniversary for great environmental classic, The Natural status of the constructed, working theory is Darwin Charles Darwin, the bicentenary of his birth History of Selborne (1789). to commit what is called the genetic falla- on February 12, 1809 and the sesquicente- To become a clergyman you simply nee- cy. nary of the publication, on November 22, ded a university degree. Darwin took the Of course, ideological considerations 1859, of one of the most important - and, easiest course available, the pass BA. This might have been a spur to press on with Oh!, so beautifully written - books of mod- mainly consisted of classics together with his work, but they are not relevant to the ern times, On the Origin of Species by some mathematics. But it did include two science as science. To argue otherwise is Means of Natural Selection. Some little cel- works by the Anglican natural theologian to confuse categories and/or be guilty of ebration on the 22nd will certainly be (natural theology is theology based on sociological reductionism. organised in the Freeland household. And observation and reason alone), William A variant of this IOM, also seemingly cur- perhaps one of the two Darwinia, the Paley. rently popular, is the argument that Darwin Australian genus named for Darwin which Darwin spent most of his time collecting developed his evolutionary ideas as an I planted several years ago but have never beetles and rambling over the countryside ideological substitute for his loss of faith flowered, might suddenly burst into bloom. with the likes of the distinguished profes- following the death of his beloved ten year One never knows! sors of geology (Adam Sedgwick) and bota- old daughter, Annie. Sadly, there will be those, including many ny (John Henslow). He did read one or two This is complete nonsense. Darwin’s reli- Orthodox, who will not be joining the cele- standard theology texts in order to prepare gious doubts, as also his evolutionary the- bration. And of these there will be those himself for the ordination that was not to ory, including the evolution of human whose judgement has been undermined by be, but never seriously studied theology. beings, fermented in the period following the floodtide of fundamentalist and cre- As far as his family background was con- his return from his voyage around the ationist propaganda emanating largely cerned, both his father’s and mother’s world on the Beagle (October 2, 1836) and from the United States. Extremists have families were free thinkers. His father was his marriage (January 29, 1839). He finally, even demonised Charles Darwin, not for a non-believer. His mother, a daughter of decisively, rejected Christianity in 1848/49, his personal life but as the originator of the famous potter and leader of the Indu- on, he said, the grounds that none of the what they regard as a Godless, even strial Revolution, Josiah Wedgwood, was a alleged “evidences” for Christianity held up. Satanic, ideology that, in their view, only Unitarian. Further, Darwin married Emma He was devastated by Annie’s death, but masquerades as science. Wedgwood, his first cousin, who also was this didn’t occur until 1851. whole issue was beyond human intelli- Most mainstream theologians and exe- a Unitarian. Darwin certainly came to reject Christia- gence: “I cannot pretend to throw the least getes have, sometimes with the odd reser- Although devout followers of the histori- nity, but what sort of Christianity was it that light on such abstruse problems. The mys- vation, come long ago to accept that there cal Jesus, Unitarians profess no formal he rejected? The fact of the matter is that, tery of the beginning of all things is insolu- is no incompatibility between scientific creed and reject both the doctrine of the from a religious perspective, Darwin chose ble by us.” And, indeed, science has noth- evolutionary theory, on the one hand, and Trinity and the divinity of Christ. a bad place and a bad time in which to be ing to say of God, one way or the other. Christian interpretation of the Bible and Darwin and his brother, seemingly for re- born. theology, on the other. The natural sciences spectability’s sake, had been baptised and English Christianity of the nineteenth cen- IOM 3. That Darwin was the sole ori- and theology have their own proper confirmed into the Church of England. tury was obsessed with death. The rate of ginator of the Theory of Evolution by domains and methodology and as long as Darwin made some effort to turn himself mortality of children and young adults from Means of Natural Selection. both do their jobs properly there can be no into an orthodox Anglican but it is doubtful consumption (tuberculosis), scarlet fever Creationists reject what they like to call intrinsic conflict between them. They com- that he ever succeeded. All his life he wor- and other diseases was appalling and tou- “Darwinism”. They seem to think that it plement one another. ried over matters of belief, but it seems ched almost every family. (Annie, although helps to propagate their cause to lay all of To establish that contemporary scientific that he worried more from a Unitarian than her parents were not aware of it, almost the blame on Charles Darwin. But Darwin evolutionary theory is compatible with an Anglican position. certainly died of consumption.) didn’t invent evolutionary theory. His grand- Orthodoxy is too large a topic for a single Incessant bereavement engendered a father, Erasmus Darwin, was an evolution- article. Here, I wish simply to clear Charles IOM 2. That the development of Dar- preoccupation with the afterlife. But this ist and evolution was in the air. There was Darwin’s reputation of a number of items win’s theory was motivated by ideol- was also a world that was obsessed with even a current theory of the mechanism of of misinformation (abbreviated as ogy. original sin, Hell fire and the eternal dam- evolution, the Lamarckian theory, which “IOM”). So, here goes. There are those who argue that Darwin nation of unbelievers. It was the fear that Darwin tried to accommodate in the Origin. was motivated by ideological considera- she might not be reunited with her adored It will probably come as no shock to rea- IOM 1. Charles Darwin had a thor- tions and that these considerations shaped but unbelieving husband in Heaven that ders of the Vema to learn that the concept ough grounding in orthodox Christian his evolutionary theory. tormented Emma. But it is scarcely surpris- of evolution can be traced to the Ancient theology, and had read theology at It seems particularly popular at the mo- ing that her husband did reject this singu- Greeks. It arose from the Greek atomists, Cambridge University. ment to pinpoint Darwin’s (and the Wedg- larly unattractive and distorted version of Democritus and Leucippus, and was taken Let’s deal with the second bit first. wood’s in general) strong aversion to slav- Christianity. up by the Epicureans, and is even hinted at Although this IOM is repeated ad nauseam, ery as a motivation to develop a theory Rejection of Christianity did not mean by the anti-atomist Aristotle. What is more, Darwin did not read theology at Cambri- which would demonstrate that all human rejection of belief in God. In fact Darwin, not just evolution per se but evolution by dge. Of course, if he had that would be beings have a common ancestry. “Am I not though he increasingly leaned towards means of natural selection can be found in grist to the mills of extremists at the poles a man and a brother”, proclaimed a cameo agnosticism in his old age, never actually the textbook of Epicurean science and phi- of current debate. For those who wish to depicting a chained Negro slave made by rejected theism and always maintained losophy by the great Latin poet Lucretius demonise the poor man, Darwin’s eventu- the Wedgwood pottery for the campaign (quite correctly) that evolutionary theory (c.99-55 BC), De rerum natura (On the Natu- al rejection of Christianity would be an act against slavery. was compatible with belief in God. re of Things). of wilful apostasy rather than simply due to But Darwin had only one ambition, and The nineteenth century was also deeply Further, Darwin was the co-originator of theological muddle-headedness. For those that was to make a significant contribution influenced by the argument for the exis- the nineteenth-century theory, since, who wish to champion him as the great lib- to science and to earn a reputation for him- tence of God from design developed by through a gentleman’s agreement, priority erator from the shackles of religion, it self as a scientist. Of course Darwin was Paley. But this is a topic which will have to was shared jointly by Darwin and Alfred would mean that his rejection of Christian- influenced to a degree by the socio-cultur- await another article. Russel Wallace, communications by both ity would have been achieved despite his demol- al context within which he lived, but the Suffice it to say here that Darwin men being read at the same meeting of the having had a thorough theological educa- ished the argument as it related to the ori- generation of his scientific theories was Linnean Society on July 1, 1858. The theory tion. gin of species, since this could be achieved achieved by applying ideologically uncont- is the “Darwin-Wallace theory”, not the But Darwin did not study theology at Cam- by natural selection working on inheritable aminated scientific reasoning to systematic “Dawinian theory”, of evolution by means bridge. Having discovered at medical favourable variations alone. However, he empirical observation. of natural selection. school in Edinburgh that he hadn’t the It is true that Darwin was revolted by the recognised that this left open the possibili- stomach to become a doctor like his father ty that there was a God who was the first slavery he witnessed in South America. It is IOM 4. That Darwin’s theory and its and grandfather, it was decided that he cause of creation. Here Darwin wavered. also true that Darwin saw an argument for contemporary development are not should become a country parson. This ap- On Sundays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and al- the brotherhood (and sisterhood) of all scientific. pealed to Darwin, not because he had a ternate Saturdays Darwin felt that there human beings in his theory of descent from Balderdash! To answer this absurd IOM vocation to become a priest of the Church must be design or purpose underlying the a common ancestor, but this had next to would require an essay on philosophy of of England, but because it would have process of evolution. On Mondays, Wed- nothing to do with the origins of the theory science (which I taught to undergraduates enabled him to spend much of his time of the Origin. But even if it had, this would nesdays, Fridays and the other alternate studying natural history, as had the eigh- be irrelevant to the soundness of the theo- Saturdays he had doubts, or felt that the NOVEMBER 2009 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 9/27 Windows to Orthodoxy

Cont. from previous page Paradigms, which might contain more than constantly metamorphosing itself into ever theory is a judgement that has to be based one theory and many models, are, accord- more terrifying and mutually antagonistic on science, not theology. If you are an for thirty-five years). However, I can as- ing to Kuhn, puzzle-generating and puzzle- forms, is not the fault of Darwin or Wallace. Orthodox, you can accept evolution or sus- sure the reader that evolutionary theory solving systems. Only when a solution to a In fact, Darwin disowned all such ideolo- pend judgement on it, as many Christians meets all of the criteria necessary for a puzzle is not forthcoming after exhaustive gies. Darwin was not a Darwinian. and others did in the aftermath of the pub- science; it is as sound as quantum mecha- investigation does it become an anomaly Science is in the business of describing, lication of the Origin; but creation “science” nics, the kinetic theory of gases or Dar- and calls the paradigm into question. classifying, predicting and explaining natu- (or intelligent design) is no alternative. win’s own brilliant theory of the formation ral phenomena. If people (even scientists Wherever you stand on the issue, howev- of coral reefs. IOM 5. That Darwin was responsible themselves) build ideologies around scien- er, do spare a kindly thought for that trou- No scientific theory can lay claim to cer- for Darwinism and (hence) of many tific theories that is not the fault of science bled, endearing, ruthlessly honest genius, tainty. By their very nature, scientific theo- (or all) of the ills of the modern per se. Science is concerned with the is, Charles Darwin, on November 22. ries are open to correction, extension, re- world. not the ought, and, as the eighteenth-cen- duction to a more general theory, or repla- The suffix “ism” usually signals ideology; tury philosopher, David Hume, argued, one cement. A scientific theory simply seeks to as, for example, with “theism”, “atheism”, can never logically derive an ought from an * Guy Freeland is an honorary lecturer at St provide the best available explanation of “positivism”, “conservatism”, “libertarian- is. Andrew’s Greek Orthodox Theological College, natural phenomena, using only naturalistic ism”, “Marxism”, “materialism”, and “scien- Whether or not you accept evolutionary Sydney. categories, and its acceptance depends on tism”. But there is a confusion concerning accurate prediction and substantial corrob- “Darwinism”. orating evidence. The term, appropriately enough, usually Empirical support for modern scientific denotes a veritable hornets’ nest of typi- evolutionary theory is now, since recent cally ghastly ideologies, mainly falling developments in genetics, notably the de- under the rubric of “social Darwinism”, termination of genomes, so incredibly ex- which have alighted on the Darwin-Wallace tensive that, in my opinion, evolution can- theory. not any longer rationally be rejected. Of However, the term is not only used of the course, there are currently unsolved puz- Darwin-Wallace theory but also of its mod- zles, but far from the existence of puzzles ern development (often called the Alzheimer’s Australia WA & St Basil’s Aged Care Services WA invite you to being an argument against any scientific “Synthetic” theory of evolution, since it is theory, they provide evidence that the sci- basically a synthesis of the extended and our Greek Carer’s Support Group. ence is living and doing its work. corrected Darwin-Wallace theory, Mendeli- If it is strictly incorrect to speak of the an heredity theory, and contemporary The Greek Carers Support Group provides support for friends and “Darwinian theory”, it is arguably legitimate genetics and molecular biology). The term relatives of people living with dementia. to speak of the “Darwinian paradigm”, “Darwinism”, however, should be reserved since a paradigm is a more extensive enti- for the rash of ideologies. Carer’s Groups encourage peer support and social contact while at the ty than a theory; what the historian and Social Darwinism, which has rampaged philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, who through Militarism, Nazism, Marxist com- same time providing information to support you in the caring role. popularised the term, defines as a discipli- munism, laissez-faire free-market econo- nary matrix. mics, eugenics and goodness knows what, Meets: The third Wednesday of every month

Time: 11.00am to 1.00 p.m For the bibliophiles... Venue: St Basil’s Aged Care Office The Imaginarium of Doctor of Parnassus 390 Charles St directed by Terry Gilliam North Perth WA 6006

Talking about a movie in a book review is probably stretching the definition of a For further information please contact Mary Andriotis at St Basil’s Aged text a bit too far, but this movie is worth the stretch. As with Terry Gilliam’s other Care WA on (08) 9201 9655 or Alexi Grammatikos at Alzheimer’s movies, this is probably more destined to be a hit amongst Monty Python fans than at the box office, but if you get a chance to see it on the big screen, do so. It won’t Australia WA on (08) 9388 2800. be long before a DVD appears on the shelves. Ostensibly built around the Christian story, this visual feast brings to the fore a problem that has vexed mankind through- out history: choice vs. determinism. It’s only at the end of the film, when we contem- plate the fate of the character played by Heath Ledger and friends (Johnny Depp, Jude Law and Colin Farrel), that we realize how closely Gilliam has kept to the story of the life of Jesus and his disciples. Definitely worth viewing.

A. C. The Greek Australian VEMA 10/28 TO BHMA TO BHMA 11/29

GREEK ORTHODOX ARCHDIOCESE OF AUSTRALIA 7TH NATIONAL WELFARE CONFERENCE OF THE GREEK WELFARE CENTRES OF AUSTRALIA “A VISION FOR THE FUTURE”

18TH -21ST OCTOBER 2009, ADELAIDE - Majestic Roof Garden Hotel HOSTED BY THE GREEK WELFARE CENTRE OF S. A. “St Philothei”

The 7th National Welfare Conference of the Arch- [1 John 4:16-21] diocesan Welfare Centres was held in Adelaide be- Greek Welfare Centre of SA th st tween the 18 and 21 October 2009, and was proud- “St Philothei” ly hosted by the Greek Welfare Centre of SA (“St Phi- lothei’) at the Majestic Roof Garden Hotel in the heart of The GWC-SA “St Philothei” was established in 1979 as Adelaide’s East End. an outreach of love of the Greek Orthodox Archdio- Representatives from every state and territory Welfare cese of Australia. The Centre is situated at 96 Wright Centre attended the biennial Conference whose theme was St, Adelaide, near the famous Central Market precinct, “Visions for the Future”. Almost 50 persons participated after having spent many years in the Torrens Building on in the Conference Proceedings. This included the state del- Victoria Square, a South Australian historic landmark, which egates, invited speakers and observers, who also includ- is now occupied by the Australian based teaching units of ed representatives of State Government Departments. Carnegie-Mellon University, and University College, London. Our numerous Volunteers and Friends provide valuable Opening Conference Dinner and essential services to the Greek and wider community through the Centre, and without which, St Philothei could not The Conference began with the welcoming Opening function. The Center is permanently staffed by Officers Conference Dinner at the Adelaide Pavilion Restau- who are employed through grants from State and Federal rant on the 18th October which was attended by nearly 90 Departments. The GWC-SA is completely funded by people, and charmingly hosted by Mr George Donikian. these grants. The Centre is administered by Ms Sophia Following his blessing, an address was given by His Grace Dallis. The Board of Management is responsible for the Bishop Nikandros of Doryleon who also represented governance of the Centre, and is committed to excellence, His Eminence, Archbishop Stylianos of Australia, and accountability, transparency and total integrity as a Primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia. The reflection of our Orthodox Faith. The Board is directly Very Rev Archimandrite Fr Silouan Fotineas read a responsible to His Eminence, Archbishop Stylianos message from His Eminence in English. Dr Michael Iko- through His Grace, Bishop Nikandros. nomos, Chairperson of St Philothei’s, in his opening ad- The current Board of Management consists of Dr dress welcomed the guests on behalf of the Staff, Volun- Michael Ikonomos (Chairperson), Mr George Chakiris, teers, Friends and the Board of Management of the Greek Group discussion amongst participants, concerninf future issues on the second day of the Conference At the conference dinner were Mr Steve Georganas, MP, His Grace Bishop Nikandros of Doryleon, Chairman of the Greek Welfare Very Rev. Archimandrite Fr. Silouan Fotineas, Mr Welfare Centre of SA (GWC-SA). This was followed by an Proceedings. Centre-SA, Dr Michael Ikonomos (standing), Minister Tom Koutsantonis and Mrs Anthea Koutsantonis. Gregory Kanakaris, Mr Antonios Karatasakis, and Dr address by the Hon. Minister Tom Koutsandonis MP, Vasilios Mantzioris. who also represented the Premier of SA Mr Mike Rann. School of Medical Science, University of SA, and Lecturer in Program run in metropolitan Melbourne parishes was were shed upon departure to our home states. The GWC-SA Words are insufficient to convey our gratitude to Sophia for Over the past 10 years, the Board of Management has Mr Koutsandonis’s mother is a volunteer in the GWC-SA the School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Dr Alexan- especially touching because of the outpouring of love by the (St Philothei) was particularly blessed and honoured to have the devotion she has shown to our work and to the success also included many who gave valuable contributions to the Meals Service Program. This was followed by an address by der Kalloniatis, Senior Defence Analyst at the DSTO, so-called “ordinary” parishioners, rather than businesses, hosted this Conference. We pray that the LORD blesses all of the Conference. development of the current Centre, including Ms Eleni the Hon David Ridgway MLC, Leader of the Opposition in Canberra, and previously Research Fellow in Theoretical helped many impoverished Australian families. The estab- the Welfare Centres as Outreaches of Love of the Orthodox St Philothei’s extends its deepest condolescence to Ms Pavlidou, (who also acted as honorary Administrator), Rev the SA Legislative Council who also represented Ms Isobel Physics in the Dept. of Physics at the University of Adelaide, lishment of the St Timothy Foundation in WA and the new Church to all Australians. Maria Scicchitano (Principal Family Therapist, Dept. of Fr Sotirios Papaphilopoulos, and the Rev Deacon Fr Redman, the Hon Leader of the Opposition in the SA Parlia- and Mr Renee Grypma, Senior Clinical Neuropsychologist Youth Program in SA also gave encouragement. The pro- The GWC-SA thank their interstate colleagues for help- Psychological Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital) Kosmas Damianides. ment. Mr Steve Georganas MP, Federal Member for of the Central Northern Adelaide Health Service. Mr Silvio fessionalism and delivery of a wide range of programs by ing to make the Conference a wonderful, joyous and uplift- who was unable to give an address due to a sudden family Hindmarsh welcomed and greeted the Conference dele- Iadorola spoke to us in his capacity as the Vice-President the GWC-NSW was especially impressive and stood as a ing occasion during which time friendships were forged and tragedy. May the LORD comfort Maria in her grief. St Philothei gates, while also representing the Prime Minister of of the Coordinating Italian Committee (CIC) of SA, and as well benchmark for excellence for other states. We were strengthened in Christian love and which we pray will lead We also thank Dr Nigel Quadros (Head of the Dept. of Australia Mr Kevin Rudd. as Team Leader of the Eastern Mental Health Services for blessed to hear and learn so much about each others pro- to many blessings in the future as we approach difficult Rehabilitation Medicine at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Our Mother amongst the Saints, St Philothei was The evening was marked by Monsignor David Cappo Older Persons Community Team, the community outreach grams. In so many ways, our Archdiocesan Welfare times for our community and nation. We thank the individual Senior Lecturer in Medicine at the University of Adelaide), born in 1522 to an affluent Athenian family. Upon insis- (SA Commissioner for Social Inclusion) who gave an inspira- service to the RAH’s Psychogeriatric Inpatient Unit on Glen- Centres were embodying an Outreach of Love of the State Boards of Management for their continued support physician and immunologist, who was unexpectedly called tence of her parents, she was married at the age of 12, for tional address encouraging Orthodox Christians and in par- side Campus. Orthodox Church. of this Conference. away to unavoidable urgent matters. 3 years, to a violent man during which time she suffered ticular the Greek Welfare Centres, to reach out to the Besides the Rev Fr Timothy Evangelinidis, the Rev Fr We thank His Grace, Bishop Nikandros of Doryleon We had eagerly looked forward to Maria addressing severe physical abuse and domestic violence before Australian community within the fullness of the Holy Tradition Dimitri Tsakas (Vicar-General for Queensland), and the Reflections and Thanks for his full and unqualified support of the work of St Phi- issues concerning family issues in the community, and his timely death. Upon returning to her parental home, and of the Orthodox Faith. Dr Alex Kalloniatis capped the eve- Very Rev Archimandrite Silouan Fotineas who were lothei’s. The Board of Management thank the Officers of Nigel’s thoughts concerning the plight of the elder- having refused all further offers of marriage, she took care ning’s events by engaging us with a fascinating, very lively, delegates, as well as members of their respective states This Conference was marked by love for Christ the Center including Ms Katherine Chakiris, Ms Mary ly and the disabled, especially as he worked with many of her parents. Following their death, she lived an asce- if not, thrilling after-dinner talk concerning the history of St Boards of Management, we greatly appreciated the won- and for our neighbour. Many life-long friendships Falidis, Mr Peter Harpas, Ms Vicki Hronopoulos, Ms patients and families of ethnic background, in particular tic life, and then following a vision of St Andrew the First- Paul’s Orphanage in Constantinople entitled “Of Plotters derful interest and concern shown by the Rev Fr John were made. Each evening was spent at a local East End Joanna Krieg, and Ms Helen Mitropoulos for their valu- those of the traditional Orthodox Christian homelands. Called, she built a women’s monastery using her family’s and Poets at the Orphanage of Constantinople”. Scherstobit (Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia) and restaurant where effervescent conversation and laughter able assistance during the many facets of the preparation of The Proceedings of the 7th National Welfare Confe- wealth. Once tonsured and appointed the Founding Abbess We were particularly honoured to have Dr Lynn Arnold, the Rev Fr Konstantin Iana (Romanian Orthodox Diocese overflowed as if relatives were catching up after visiting the Conference. We are greatly indebted to the Administra- rence will be published by St Philothei’s in due course giv- of the Monastery of St Andrew, she was soon joined former Premier of SA, and now CEO of Anglicare, His of Australia) who also observed the Proceedings. The from afar. We could not get enough time together. Tears tor of the Centre Ms Sophia Dallis for her dedication. ing a fuller account of the Proceedings. by a flock of women. St Philothei built infirmaries and Excellency, Mr Dimitrios Hatzopoulos, Consul-General Conference Proceedings concluded on Tuesday 20th We urge all faithful Orthodox Christians to volunteer their hostels, personally nursing and ministering to the sick and of Greece in SA, and Professor Michael Tsianikas, Pro- October. A trip to the famous Barossa Valley was organ- skills and time, to the service of Christ and His Church the poor. She gathered orphans as if their own mother, fessor of Greek Language and Literature, Flinders University. ized for guests on Wednesday 21st October. A number of whether to their local parishes and/or to the Archdiocesan gave refuge to abducted Christian women slaves, We were also honoured to be joined by Mr John budding comedians were noted. Welfare Centres. The following verses are central to the life apostates, and Moslem women. Arrested by the Turks, Kiosoglou, Chairman of the Ethnic Schools Board of SA, the The Conference addressed many issues and con- and work of the Welfare Centres. she was sentenced to death before prominent Christians Reverend Presbyters of the 3rd Archdiocesan District, the cerns that were of national importance. In particular, secured her release through bribes. Following this she Principals of St Spyridon College, Mr Nick Papageorgiou, problems concerning the assessment and treatment of neu- “Then the King will say to those on the right hand... sailed to the island of Kea for safety, where she established and St George College, Mr George Panagopoulos, as rodegenerative diseases such as the dementias in ethnic I was hungry and you gave Me food; I was thirsty a Metochion of her Monastery. On returning to Athens well as Mrs Maria Paltoglou, President of the Central populations, the difficulties with accessing of vital med- and you gave Me drink; soon after, she built a second women’s monastery also ded- Philoptochos Committee of SA, along with the Presidents of ical services for non-English speaking elderly, the I was a stranger and you took Me in; I was naked icated to St Andrew in the Patissia district of Athens. the Inter-Communities Council and Parish Committees. need for cultural and linguistically diverse services and you clothed Me: On October 2, 1588, during the all-night vigil for the Feastday and clinics, the urgent need for support for the elderly and I was sick and you visited Me; I was in prison and of St Dionysios the Areopagite, the Turks stormed the Conference Proceedings the disabled, modifiable epidemiological factors such you came to Me... Patissia Monastery, and beat her savagely. Taken by her as changing dietary habits of the Greek-Australian popula- inasmuch as you did it to one of the least of these Sisters in Christ to a nearby Metochion, she died on The Conference Proceedings began on Monday tions with its implications for ischaemic heart disease and My brethren you did it to me” [Matthew 25:34-40] February 19, 1589 (at 67 years of age). 19th October with an Aghiasmos by His Grace Bishop dementia, psychiatric illnesses, social issues as well as Upon uncovering her relics a year after her death, they Nikandros, who was accompanied by the Rev Fr Pana- difficulties with service delivery. The Conference was par- “And we have known and believed the love that God were found to be incorrupt. St Philothei’s relics are venerat- ghiotis Photakis. The Opening Keynote Address ticularly concerned about the increasing need for additional has for us. ed in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens where she is “Visions for the Future” was given by Dr Vasilios Volunteers and Friends whose professional skills were God is love, and he who abides in love abides in honoured as Patron Saint of Athens. Mantzioris (Psychiatry, Royal Adelaide Hospital). Each dele- urgently required to reach out in Christ to our community and God, and God in him... We pray to St Philothei for courage and integrity in our gate contributed to the Conference. We were fortunate to nation. The Conference delegates were particularly proud there is no fear in love... we love Him because He service to others as she embodied during her life in her hear outstanding invited speakers, including, Professor of various programs. This included programs run in north Royal Adelaide Hospital Carer Consultants, Anne Barbara and first loved us... response to the love of Christ. Jacque Metzer, of the School of Psychology in the Univer- Queensland for Indigenous Australians and the HACC Stella Savoutakis with Keynote speaker Monsignor David Cappo And this commandment we have from Him: and MC Mr George Donikian. sity of SA, Dr Evangeline Mantzioris, Lecturer in the programs in southeast Queensland. The Food Donation that he who loves God must love his brother also” GWC-SA “St Philothei” Organising Committee for the 7th National Welfare Conference The Greek Australian VEMA NOVEMBER 2009 12/30 TO BHMA

5th ‘YEAR 12 GRADUATION CEREMONY’ FOR ST ANDREW’S GRAMMAR, PERTH

Five years of graduating students from St. An- drew’s Grammar has once again led to a special ‘Year 12 Graduation Ceremony’ for the School com- munity. This year, a concerted effort was made to enhance the spiritual aspect of the event with a church service conducted especially for the bless- ing of the students.

As tradition continues to become established at Perth’s Greek Orthodox Day School, St. Andrew’s Gram- mar, the ‘Year 12 Graduation Ceremony’ of 2009 will surely add to the fabric of that tradition in a number of ways. The most significant of these will be the special church service that was conducted for the graduating students, their families and the staff of the School. A night to remember, there were many aspects of the Graduation Ceremony that will remain with those who (Left to Right) Head Girl, Delara Javat Reverend Father Emmanuel (Left) and Reverend Father attended for a long time to come! and Head Boy, Benjamin Teo preparing to lead Elpidios (Right) the Year 12 students into Church Special Service The Year 12 Graduation Ceremony was held on Tuesday 27 October at the Hellenic Community Centre, 20 Parker Street, Northbridge. However, for the first time in the history of the School, a special church serv- ice was held at the Church of Sts Constantine and He- lene, next door to the Hall. This service was dedicated entirely to the Year 12 graduands, their families and the School. Conducted by Reverend Father Emmanuel and Reverend Father Elpidios, and with the hymns chanted by the Church Choir, the service was truly a special blessing for the congregation. Prepared in advance by Reverend Father Elpidios, the service was dedicated first and foremost to the gradu- ating students. Finer details were attended to on the day through consultation with both the Principal of the School, Mr Craig D’cruz, the Vice Principal-Teaching and Learning, Dr Angela Evangelinou-Yiannakis and the As- Year 12 Students Christina Andronis (forefront) and (From left to right) Assistant Principal, Mr Rowan Evans, Alexandra Miladinovic (background) Vice Principal, Dr Angela Evangelinou-Yiannakis, sistant Principal-Administration, Mr Rowan Evans. Be- Principal, Mr Craig D’cruz fore the service began, the students were led into the Church by the Head Girl, Delara Javat and the Head Boy, Benjamin Teo. In single file and each holding a candle, the students filed past family members, friends and teachers to the front of the church where they lit their candle before the icon of St. Andrew. They then walked slowly to the candle stands and to their seats in preparation for the service to begin. What followed was an awe-inspiring service led by the Church Choir and ending with a blessing from both of the Reverend Fathers.

Formal Proceedings Following the blessing, the students, staff and family members made their way to the exquisitely-decorated Hall next to the Church where they sat in family and staff groups at round tables. The formal proceedings began with the Assistant Year 12 Students from Form 12.1 Principal, Mr Rowan Evans, officially opening the Grad- uation Ceremony. Members of Staff and Families of Year 12 Students The Vice Principal, Dr Angela Evangelinou-Yiannakis, then gave the welcoming address and formal farewell a delicious buffet meal, relishing in the celebratory at- speech to the Year 12 graduands. This was followed by mosphere of having completed secondary schooling. a final address and words of prayer to the students Further photographic opportunities with each other, as from the Principal, Mr Craig D’cruz. The students were well as with members of their family were on-going then invited to the stage one-by-one for the presenta- during the course of the evening. tion of their Graduation Sash, Statement of Results Fold- The students also mingled with members of staff, er and various gifts from the School. As each graduand taking the opportunity to thank them for their efforts in had his/her time on stage, the photographer was there terms of preparing them for the Tertiary Entrance Ex- to capture the moment. aminations (TEE) and their future pathways. Finally, a group photograph of each of the Year 12 The celebrations could only be described as a very Form classes ended the formal part of the proceedings. successful and fitting Graduation Ceremony for an ac- complished group of students. Celebrations At the conclusion of the formal part of the evening, Dr Angela Evangelinou-Yiannakis the students and their guests were invited to partake of Vice Principal - Teaching and Learning Year 12 Students from Form 12.2 NOVEMBER 2009 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 13/31 Health

What are the risk factors for testicular testicular cancer produce chemicals that are released cancer? into the blood. These chemicals, called tumour markers The cause of testicular cancer is not known. There are hormones which are produced by cancer cells. are however a number of risk factors which include a Therefore an increase in the level of tumour markers family history of testicular cancer or undescended testi- suggests that the patient may have testicular cancer. HEALTH cles as an infant or child. Recent evidence suggests Hu- However, these tumour markers which are called Al- man Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) may increase a pha-Feto Protein (AFP), Beta Human Chronic Gonadotro- man’s risk of developing testicular cancer. phin (BHCG) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) are not NEWSNEWS There is no medical evidence to suggest that injury to specific for testicular cancer and may be elevated in the testicles, hot baths or wearing tight clothes is asso- other medical conditions. ciated with testicular cancer. Tumour markers can be used to support the diagno- WITH DR. THEO PENKLIS * sis and response to treatment. That is, tumour markers What are the symptoms of testicular will fall as the treatment works and rise again if the cancer? cancer recurs. Testicular Testicular cancer may cause a number of different To confirm the diagnosis of testicular cancer, a sam- symptoms or signs, but in some cases there may be no ple of tissue is needed to be examined. Unfortunately, symptoms. this requires surgical removal of the affected testicle. cancer Symptoms may include a swelling or lump in the tes- Most other types of cancer can be diagnosed by re- ticle. This swelling or lump is usually painless. There moving a small piece of tissue from the tumour called a may be a feeling of heaviness in the testicle or scrotum. biopsy. It is not possible to biopsy a testicle because This month a thirty five year old married man came to The testicle may increase in size or change in shape, or cutting through the outer layer of the testicle may see me because he had noted a swelling in his testicle. feel uneven. Some men may experience a pain or ache spread the cancer to other parts of the body. After a number of investigations, this man was found to in the lower abdomen or in the testicle The operation to remove the testicle is called an or- have testicular cancer. Some men may experience back pain and some men chidectomy. Only the affected testicle is removed. will see enlargement or tenderness of the nipples or What is testicular cancer? breasts. Treatment of testicular cancer Cancer which develops in the testicles is called tes- Of course some of these symptoms may be caused When the testicle is removed, the surgeon will also ticular cancer. Usually one testicle is affected. Testicular by a variety of other conditions, which may include non- sample lymph glands in the abdomen to determine if cancer is more commonly found in the right testicle. In malignant testicular conditions. For example, simple the cancer cells have spread beyond the testicle. some cases, both testicles may be affected. cysts, hydroceles ( a collection of watery fluid) or varic- If the cancer was found only in the testicle, an or- oceles ( a collection of dilated veins like varicose veins) chidectomy may be the only treatment required. If the Types of testicular cancer? that occur on the outside of the testicle. cancer has spread beyond the testicle, then chemother- There are two main types of testicular cancer: apy, radiotherapy or surgery to remove lymph glands • Seminoma: the most common type, usually occurs How is testicular cancer diagnosed? may be required. in men aged between twenty five and fifty years Following a complete medical history, the doctor will In these cases, factors such as the patient’s future • Non-seminoma: is more common in younger men undertake a full physical examination including an ex- fertility need to be considered because these treat- and usually occurs in the mid-twenties amination of the scrotum. ments may make the patient infertile. Sperm can be do- Imaging of the testicles will be performed using ultra- nated and frozen for future use before treatment be- gins. Who gets testicular cancer? sound. This technique uses sound waves to build up a Testicular cancer is a rare type of cancer. It is the picture of the testicle to show if there is a solid lump. After treatment, patients need to be monitored with eighteenth most common cancer in males. It accounts Te doctor will also request a chest XRay and a CT blood tests including tests for the tumour markers men- for approximately 1% of all cancers in men. It mainly af- scan of the abdomen and pelvis to make sure there had tioned above. Also chest Xrays and CT scans of the ab- fects men between the ages of twenty and forty. How- been no spread of the cancer to other parts of the domen and pelvis to make sure the disease does not ever, certain types of testicular cancer may occur in body. recur. younger children or older men. Blood tests are taken to check for the patient’s gen- * The information given in this article is of a general nature and In Australia, about two hundred and fifteen men are eral health including kidney function. Blood tests called readers should seek advice from their own medical practitioner diagnosed each year with testicular cancer. tumour markers are also performed. Some types of before embarking on any treatment. Indigenous life expectancy gap reduced by 5.5 years: AMA By Larine Statham times more likely to use cannabis and amphetamines, Mr Snowdon said, it was "really terrific" that the report A report detailing the health outcomes of Aboriginal explained how fewer indigenous men consumed alco- men will help change some negative public perceptions hol on a regular basis than non-indigenous males. among the wider community, federal Indigenous Health "The fact that it has come from the AMA and it will be Minister Warren Snowdon says. seen as a genuine document that is not partisan, it will Mr Snowdon says the Australian Medical Associa- demonstrate to people that despite the impression that tion's (AMA's) latest report card into indigenous health, many people might have about all Aboriginal males be- The Health of Indigenous Males: Building Capacity and ing lay-abouts and drunks and how wrong that really Securing the Future, "paints the canvas as it ought to be is." painted". However, according to the report those Aboriginal The report, released in Darwin recently, shows Abori- men who do consume alcohol do so at levels which put ginal men can expect to die 11.5 years earlier than non- them at risk of acute harm. indigenous men and six years earlier than indigenous AMA president Andrew Pesce said there was evi- women. "We need to do more, we perhaps even need to do dence the loss of status, self-esteem and sense of pur- Last year's report card showed a 17-year gap in life some things differently. pose experienced by indigenous men was both a expectancy between indigenous and non-indigenous "One of the key issues for us is preventative health: cause and an effect of their poor health. Australians of both sexes. we need to stop them getting sick in the first place." The report says indigenous men were more than Mr Snowdon said statistics such as these proved the Mr Snowdon said more than 50 per cent of indige- twice as likely to be hospitalised for mental health than situation facing Aboriginal men was "not all doom and nous males smoked cigarettes, but that less than one in non-indigenous males between 2004 and 2006. gloom". five males in the Australian general population smoked. "All Australian men need to feel a sense of purpose in He said the government would consider some of the "If we were able to get indigenous smoking rates their lives, and they deserve to feel pride in themselves, recommendations made by the AMA in its report. down to around the level of the non-indigenous popula- their families and their culture," Dr Pesce said in a "You will find that we are already dealing with some tion we would ... increase life expectancy by about four statement. of (the issues)," he told reporters in Darwin on Tuesday. years," he said. The report card details the improvements that need to "The commonwealth is now spending 50 per cent The report shows that at every age, from boyhood to be made to keep young indigenous men out of prison more money on indigenous health than it was in `07-`08 manhood, indigenous males still experienced higher and encourage them to pursue economic and entrepre- which is, of course, the last year of the previous gov- rates of diseases and conditions that are preventable. neurial opportunities. ernment. While the report says Aboriginal men are two to three AAP NOVEMBER 2009 14/32 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA

The Christology of St Cyril of Alexandria By Anthony Papantoniou that sacred body from his own nature but took it from the Virgin... So if we consider, as I said, St Cyril of Alexandria (c.370-444) is without doubt one of the mode of his becoming man we see that two the greatest of the fathers of the Church and his decisive natures have met without merger and without contribution to the Christological questions of the 5th cen- alteration in unbreakable mutual union - the tury constitute the foundation for an orthodox ecclesial point being that flesh is flesh and not Godhead understanding of the person and event of Jesus Christ. even though it has become God’s flesh and In this article, we will attempt to explore two key con- equally the Word is God and not flesh even cepts in the thought of St Cyril which decisively condition though in fulfillment of God’s plan he made the how we approach the mystery of the Incarnate Christ. In flesh his own... therefore, we do not damage order to appreciate St Cyril’s Christological contribution, it the concurrence into unity by declaring it was would be significant to briefly indicate the historical context effected out of two natures; however, after the of the Christological debates that were prominent during union we do not divide the natures from each the early centuries. The concept of the hypostatic union originates with the other and do not sever the one and indivisible The early Church had to combat Christological heresies genius of St Cyril and this is attested by Theodoret of into two sons but say ‘one Son’ and, as the fa- that either denied the true divinity or the true humanity of Cyrus (c.393-466), the primary exponent of Nestorius’ thers have put it, ‘one incarnate nature of the Jesus. An example of the denial of Christ’s divinity is seen Christological perspective, who maintains that the notion of Word.’4 in the heresy known as adoptionism, which affirmed that the union according to hypostasis was neither found in There is only one Christ, one person or hypostasis, whe- Jesus was only human, in whom divinity simply indwelled, Scripture nor in the Fathers. re humanity and divinity are united, however, this union ac- most probably at the moment of Jesus’ baptism. Further- In ancient Greek philosophical thought, the meaning of cording to hypostasis, for St Cyril, takes place “without more there was the heresy of Arius of Alexandria, who hypostasis was synonymous with essence (ousia) or na- confusion” (asyghytôs), “without change” (atreptôs), and believed that Jesus was a created existence, thus denying ture (physis) thus signifying substance. In the fourth centu- “without alteration” (ametablytôs) (Letter 45 to Succensus). his real divinity. The Church through the efforts of St ry, the Cappadocian Fathers employed the word hyposta- St Cyril clarifies that there is no confusion or fusion of the Athanasius of Alexandria refuted the Arians, stating that sis to denote the identity of the three persons - Father, Son, two natures into one nature, but rather both natures are Jesus as God the Son possesses the same divine nature as and Holy Spirit - of the Trinitarian Godhead in distinction to preserved intact after the union, however, Christ is percei- God the Father. The First Ecumenical Council at Nicaea (325) the divine essence or nature. Hypostasis was therefore ved as one person or hypostasis. decreed that Jesus was “true God from true God, begotten understood to signify “concrete existence”, whereas “es- The concept of the “one incarnate nature of God the not made, and of the same essence (homoousios) with the sence” or “nature” retained the meaning of being or sub- Word” has profound theological significance. This Christo- Father.” stance. St Cyril appropriates this definition of hypostasis logical formula clarifies who the subject is, and further- An example of the denial of Jesus’ real humanity is seen and employs it to express the nature of the union of divin- more, the manner of the subject’s existence. The subject is with the Gnostic heresies of the second century which ity and humanity in the one person of Christ. “God the Word,” whereas the manner of the subject’s ex- essentially articulated a docetic perpection of Christ. They Nestorian Christology, as already noted, affirmed a dual- istence is one incarnate entity or reality. affirmed that Jesus appeared to be human but was really istic perspective of the person of Christ. Nestorius identi- The mia physis formula, although concisely defined by St only divine. The early Church refuted any heresy which se- fied hypostasis with nature or essence, therefore percei- Cyril, was appropriated by 5th century Monophysitism, parated the divinity and the humanity of Jesus, for Christ is ved the hypostasis of the Logos as the divine nature which which was first associated with Eutyches (c. 378-454), who theanthropos. However, with the appropriation of ancient was a separate entity to the human nature of Jesus of Na- emphasized the divine nature at the expense of the human Greek philosophy to articulate an understanding of the per- zareth. Nestorian Christology failed to express a real union nature in Christ, affirming therefore only one divine or di- son of Jesus, more issues were created. This can be seen between divinity and humanity and St Cyril perceived the vine-human nature of God the Word. Thus, while the Mono- with Apollinarius, Bishop of Laodicea (c. 315-392), who inadequacy of this perspective in affirming the mystery of physites appealed to the authority of St Cyril to justify their attempted to preserve the full divinity of Christ but failed in the incarnation, thus Nestorianism was condemned at the Christological perspective, so did the Cyrillian Chalcedo- actual fact to affirm the theandric reality of Christ. Apol- Third Ecumenical Council in Ephesus in 431. For St Cyril, the nians. The latter is seen in the work of Emperor Justinian linarius acknowledged that Jesus had a full human body union of divinity and humanity in Christ had to be real and who composed an Edict on the True Faith in 551 where he and soul, but not a rational soul as a centre of thought and ontological. extensively sought to defend Chalcedonian Christology willing activity. Apollinarius removed the human mind from The hypostatic union, according to St Cyril, was funda- within a Cyrillian perspective. He writes: Christ, asserting that the divine Logos had replaced it. This mental for describing the incarnation of Christ. The concept We also receive St Cyril’s formula “One nature essentially docetic view of Christ therefore compromised of “union according to hypostasis” signified essentially the of the Word incarnate” together with his other the fullness of humanity in Jesus. Apollinarius was con- manner of Christ’s mode of existence, and to convey this teachings concerning the true faith, and we con- demned by the Second Ecumenical Council in 381. idea, St Cyril employed the Christological formula “mia ph- fess that “one Christ” is produced from the di- In reaction to Apollinarius’ Christological articulation that ysis tou Theou Logou sesarkômene” (one incarnate nature vine nature and the human [nature], and not compromised the full humanity of Christ, Nestorius, of God the Word). Let us examine this formula in more “one nature” as some have sought to say who Patriarch of Constantinople (c. 381-451), emphasized the depth. improperly understand this formula. For the fact full humanity of Christ and stressed the distinct integrity of of the matter is that whenever this father said, the two natures, however this Christological perspective The mia physis formula “One nature of the Logos incarnate,” he used was perceived as undermining of the unity of Christ for it The earliest mention of this formula appears in St Cyril’s the term “nature” in this formula for “hyposta- affirmed two persons in Christ, one the Son of God and the Five Tomes Against Nestorius (Book 2, Proem) which were sis.” In the writings in which he makes use of other, the assumed man, the Son of Mary, who were composed during the spring of 430. St Cyril affirms: “the in- this formula, he frequently follows it by adding allegedly united according by “connection” (synapheia), and carnate nature of the Word is immediately conceived of as either the terms Son, or Logos, or Only-Begotten, “participation” (henôsis schetike).1 However, this perspec- one after the union.”3 The mia physis formula was believed which are not [names] that indicate nature, but tive was seen to divide the person of Christ. by St Cyril to have originated with St Athanasius of Alexan- the hypostasis or prosôpon. So then, when the St Cyril of Alexandria refuted Nestorius’ dualistic Christo- dria (c. 293-373), as he indicated this in one of three me- hypostasis of the Logos was incarnate there logy and affirmed that there is only one subject in the per- morials, On the True Faith, submitted to the Imperial Court was produced not one nature, but one compos- son of Christ, the Incarnate Logos, and the unity of divinity in order the counteract Nestorian influence shortly after the ite Christ, the same God and man.5 and humanity takes place according to hypostasis (henôsis outbreak of the Nestorian controversy at the beginning of The Christology of St Cyril of Alexandria expressed in the kath’ hypostasin). In the Second Letter to Nestorius (Letter 430. concept of the hypostatic union and the mia physis formu- 4), St Cyril proposes the concept of the hypostatic union to The formula, however, originated with Apollinarius’ Epis- la constitutes a decisive contribution in perceiving the the- express the unity of divinity and humanity in Christ. St Cyril tle to Emperor Jovian, forged under the name of St Athana- andric reality of the one person of Jesus Christ, the cruci- writes: sius. The problem of this controversial formula was based fied and risen Lord who has accomplished the mystery of We affirm that the Word hypostatically united to on the affirmation that God the Word incarnate possessed salvation for all, which is the participation in the fullness of himself flesh, endowed with life and reason, in a only one nature. For both Nestorius and Theodoret, who divine life and love, that is experienced now within the manner mysterious and inconceivable, and be- maintained a dualistic Christological perspective, the mia sacramental and mystical life of the Church. came man, and was called ‘Son of Man’, uniting physis concept signified a “mixture” (mixis), confusion (syg- it hypostatically not merely by way of divine chisis) and “fusion” (krasis) of the divine and human na- favour or good will, yet neither with the as- tures in Christ. St Cyril was accused of Apollinarianism and sumption merely of an outward appearance; Monophysitism. This mixture, confusion and fusion of divin- 1 For a comprehensive analysis of the Nestorian Controversy, see John A. and that though the natures joined together to McGuckin, St Cyril of Alexandria and the Christological Controversy: Its ity and humanity in Christ, according to Nestorius, implied History, Theology and Texts (Crestwood, New York: SVS Press, 2004). form a real unity are different, it is one Christ that a hybrid nature was produced which was neither di- 2 In Cyril of Alexandria, Select Letters, edited and translated by Lionel R. and Son coming from them - not implying that vine nor human. In the First Letter to Succensus (Letter 45), Wickham (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983), 5-7. the difference between the natures was abol- St Cyril refuted this accusation while stating: 3 Cited in Norman Russell, Cyril of Alexandria (London and New York: Rout- ished through their union but that instead God- Our affirmation is this: if we carefully examine ledge, 2000), 142. For the original Greek, see Migne, PG 76, 60. 4 Cited in Wickham, Cyril of Alexandria, 75-77. head and manhood have given us the one Lord, the mode of the scheme of incarnation... we see 5 Cited in Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition, Volume Christ and Son by their mysterious and inex- that the Word from God the Father became man I: Early, Eastern and Medieval, edited by Jaroslav Pelikan and Valerie pressible unification.2 and was incarnate and that he did not mould Hotchkiss (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003), 127. NOVEMBER 2009 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 15/33

CLINICAL INSIGHTS INTO HEALTH AND NATURAL SOLUTIONS

o External factors - These include unhealthy workplace • Almonds also contain a substance called laetrile, environments, exposure to air and water pollution, chemi- which has anticancer property. cals such as pesticides, herbicides, etc. • Tomatoes and tomato-based products (esp. cooked BY CHRISTINA SCALONE* o Internal factors - genetic factors and infections, tomatoes with some olive oil) contain lycopene, which is BHSc, Dip. Bot. Med, Dip. mainly viruses. one of the powerful antioxidant and protects cells from Hom, Dip. Nut o Lifestyle factors - These are the factors that account oxidation which can lead to cancer. for the largest proportion of cancers. These include - diet, • Fruits like lemons, oranges and their peels, as well as smoking, drinking, and sun exposure. pineapples have anti-cancer property. CANCER AND NATURAL • Even persons who do not smoke but are exposed to • Folic acid, one of the vitamins, which is found in dark smoke (passive smoking) have significantly higher rates of green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits and juices, legumes lung cancer than non-smokers. These are the most readi- and cereals, is helpful in prevention of many cancers. MEDICINE 2 ly controllable factors. • Green tea is also high in antioxidants. These antioxi- • Regular consumption of alcohol increases the risk of dants reduce the growth of the cancer cells and also act mouth and throat cancers. as a detoxifier, helping to eliminate toxins from the body. • A diet high in fat and low in fibre is associated with • Drink fresh fruit or vegetable juices including beetroot, higher risk of colorectal cancer as well as breast and apple, carrots, cranberry, and orange. prostate cancer. • Foods fermented with lactobacillus acidophilus should be eaten regularly, e.g. yogurt. External and lifestyle factors account for 80 • Fish and fish oils as well as olive oil prevent some percent of cancer deaths. form of cancer. • These risk factors increase the body’s exposure to free Pomegranate juice - has anti-inflammatory and antiox- radicals. The damage caused by free radicals leads to mu- idant property; has shown significant benefit especially in tation as explained before, leading to uncontrolled growth prostate cancer. • of cells. Dark chocolates - contains a number of antioxidants There is also a belief that cigarette smoking and poor similar to red wine. • dietary habits impair function of immune system thereby Red wine - contains many antioxidants, including decreases body’s ability to destroy precancerous cells. “resveratrol”. These antioxidants are extracted by fermen- tation, which is the reason their concentration is greater in Major categories of cancer: wine than in grape juice. Also since they come from the There are many different types of cancers, but most fall skin and the seeds of the grape, there are not nearly as into one of the four following categories: many in white wine. • • Carcinomas - cancers of the skin, mucous mem- Reduce intake of fat and deep fried foods. Cancers of branes, glands and some internal organs breast, colon and prostate are associated with high fat di- Humans have been suffering from cancer since the ear- • Sarcomas - cancers of the muscles, bones and con- et. • ly ages. Several ancient civilizations described cancer in nective tissue Reduce the consumption of foods that contain natural their writings and pictures. It is also one of the most • Leukaemias - cancers of blood cells carcinogens, as they increase the risk of cancer, e.g. feared illnesses. • Lymphomas - cancers of lymphatic tissue smoked, pickled or barbecued foods. The entire human body is made up of cells, each of • Reduce saccharin, some artificial colours, nitrates and which contains its own genetic material, or DNA - a long Some classic warning signs of various cancers: nitrites - which are high in bacon, corned beef, ham and string of molecules that tell the cell what to do. In a healthy • Change in bowel or bladder habits salami. • body, cells divide at a controlled rate so as to grow and • A sore that does not heal Research suggests that daily exposure to a limited repair damaged tissues and replace dying cells. This pre- • Unusual bleeding or discharge amount (about 20 minutes per day) of sunlight (a good determined rate of cell division is what keeps our bodies • Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere source of vitamin D) may reduce the risk of some cancers. • healthy. If cells keep multiplying when new ones are not • Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing Reduction of weight - Obesity has been found to affect necessary, a mass or tissue called a growth or tumour is • Obvious change in a wart or mole the levels of insulin and oestrogen in the body. High levels formed. A tumour can be either benign or malignant. • Nagging cough or hoarseness. of oestrogen have been linked to cancer of breast and Benign tumours are not cancerous. They can occur uterus. Insulin is a growth factor that stimulates growth of anywhere in the body and generally do not pose a threat Even though the incidence of cancer is increasing, the tissue. Check with your doctor if you have insulin resist- to health, they do not metastasize (spread to other parts of good news is that with the increasing information and ance. Try to reduce weight by following a low fat, low the body) and usually do not grow back if removed. treatment methods available today, millions of people are glycaemic diet (low GI diet), and exercise for at least half Malignant tumours are cancerous. They are usually either living with or have been cured of cancer (i.e. the an hour per day. Regular exercise helps to lower blood serious and can be life-threatening. Malignant tumours survival rates have greatly improved) and the risk of de- sugar by lowering insulin resistance. For more information grow uncontrollably, interfere with normal metabolic and veloping most types of cancer can be reduced by see your naturopath. • organ functioning and have the ability to metastasize and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Chemicals from pesticides and plastics have chemi- invade other tissues. cals that can have effects like oestrogen (known as xe- If a portion of a cell’s DNA is damaged, the cell can be- Preventative measures: noestrogens). If possible, avoid any fruit or vegetable that come abnormal. This is the initiating factor, which is Dietary wellness and prevention are important to keep has been sprayed or treated with the pesticides and try to known as “mutation”. When the abnormal cell divides, it our bodies healthy and avoid cancer causing agents. This buy organic foods. If not, wash them properly or peel forms new cells that contain a photocopy of the damaged can defend us against getting cancer in the first place. them before eating. Similarly, minimize the use of plastics genetic material. This is an ongoing process occurring • The best way to reduce the risk of cancer is to reduce by avoiding foods that are packaged using plastics. Chem- constantly within our bodies. Most of the time, our bodies or eliminate exposure to potential carcinogens. Lifestyle icals also promote the formation of free radicals in the have the ability to destroy these abnormal cells (DNA re- changes such as diet, quitting smoking and reducing expo- body as well as weakening the immune system, which pair system) and maintain a sort of cellular equilibrium. If sure to the sun can help prevent many cancers. may lead to cancer. a crucial portion of the DNA is destroyed, however, and • Some studies have suggested an association between the abnormal cells cannot be controlled any longer, cancer high fruit and vegetables and reduced risk of various can- Important nutrients in prevention of cancer: forms. cers. Eat a diet that includes grains, nuts and seeds, plen- • Vitamin A - enhances immune competence; as well as ty of cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, brussels important for good health of skin, mucous membrane, and Causes sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and spinach. Also consume eyes. It is not known exactly what causes the cell damage that yellow and deep-orange vegetables such as carrots, 3 Dietary sources: organ meats, cod liver oil, poultry, initiates the cancer process. A combination of genetic, be- pumpkin, squash and yams. Apples, berries (blueberries, cornmeal, cream, cheese, egg yolk havioural, environmental and lifestyle factors can play a raspberries and strawberries), brazil nuts, cherries, • Vitamin C - is a potent antioxidant. It also stimulates role in changing the normal cells into cancer cells. Agents grapes (red), legumes, plums all help to prevent cancer. the immune system, which can modify the rate of tumour which can contribute to uncontrolled cell division are Berries protect DNA from damage. Many of the plant pig- growth. called carcinogens (cancer promoters). There are also fac- ments in red, yellow, orange and blue fruits and vegeta- 3 Dietary sources: guava, red capsicum, brussel tors called inhibitors such as some vitamins and nutrients bles are good sources of antioxidants. Mushrooms like sprouts, citrus juices, papayas, kiwi fruit, blackcurrents, found in fruits and vegetables, these are believed to slow Shitake and Reishi have been shown to have immune ac- mango, cabbage, broccoli, strawberries, lychees, or- down the process. Deficiency of these inhibitors can in- tivating properties, which can help to prevent cancer. anges, sprouts crease the risk of development of various cancers. • Fruits and vegetables are also good source of fibre. • Vitamin E - is also an antioxidants, protects our cell The contributory factors to the development of cancer • Eat onions and use garlic liberally, as it enhances the walls against chemical damage. can be divided into three categories: immune system. Cont. page 16/34 The Greek Australian VEMA NOVEMBER 2009 16/34 TO BHMA

Cont. from page 15/33

3 Dietary sources: wheatgerm and wheatgerm oil, soybean oil, almonds, sunflower seeds, walnuts, cashews, avocado • Vitamin D - affects bones, various hormones, reproductive function and immune function. Recent studies have shown that a significant supply of vitamin D considerably reduces the risk of several different cancers. 3 Mackerel, herring, kipper, salmon, sardines, eggs, butter, fortified milks, cod liver oil • Folic acid - folic acid has been shown to reduce the incidence of lung, cervix, rec- tum, colon, oesophagus and stomach. It is thought that folic acid keeps cells from mu- tating and proliferating. Apart from that it also lowers the risk of heart disease and stroke. It regulates the body’s production and use of homocysteine, an amino acid like compound that in excessive amounts can contribute to the build up of plaque in the blood vessels. 3 Dietary sources: green leafy vegetables, enriched cereals, lentils and other legumes • Selenium - another potent antioxidant. 3 Dietary sources: brazil nuts, poultry, wholegrains, fish, molasses, cashews, eggs, Commemorative photo of youth delegates and Clergy at the Church of St Anna (Gold Coast) organic onion, garlic and broccoli The immune system appears to play a critical role in preventing tumour development. To keep our immune system healthy, it is important to have good healthy diet with va- QLD STATE YOUTH riety of foods as mentioned above, avoiding foods that can damage our body as well as avoiding stress as much as possible. One can learn relaxation and stress manage- ment techniques. In addition to the recommendations given already, a positive mental attitude is im- CONFERENCE portant. Some tips to help you cope include: Ø Learn to and make time to give and receive love in your life. Ø Learn to listen and share feelings with those around you. On the weekend of 17 and 18 Octo- Ø Avoid aggressive or passive behaviour. Learn to express your feelings in a pos- ber the 9th Qld State Youth Confer- itive way. DON’T BOTTLE UP! ence was held at the Parish/Com- Ø Avoid excessive stress in your life. Be sensible with work hours, nutrition and munity of St Anna on the Gold rest. Coast. Young people from Brisbane Ø Take time to perform stress-reduction techniques, like deep breathing exercise, and the Gold Coast gathered to walk by the water, listen to music, read a good book, relaxation massages and pray! continue discussion on the theme Ø Accept gracefully the things in your life over which you don’t have any control. of the National Conference of 2007 Save your energy for the things you can control. - “The Responsibility of Christian Ø Accept yourself and remember that any mistakes you make are learning Youth in Modern Society”. processes. Ø The Conference began on the Saturday Be patient and tolerant of others. Accept them as they are. Learn to forgive. morning with the Service of the Blessing of Fr Dimitri Tsakas with presvitera Michelle It is also important to listen to your body signs and have regular check-ups with your the Waters conducted by Fr Dimitri Tsakas, and the President of the Youth doctor. It is important to be diligent in getting your regular screening tests and take note Episcopal Vicar for Qld, and Fr Romanos of any early warning signs or symptoms that your body is not functioning as it should Stergiou, Parish Priest of St Anna. Also pre- be. sent at the Service were the Reverend Fa- thers Anastasios Bozikis from Brisbane, * Christina Scalone is a very experienced and successful naturopath with over 20 years experience. She holds a Degree Constantine Tsacalos from Cairns and in Health Sciences, a Diploma in Botanical Medicine, Diploma in Homoeopathy and a Diploma in Nutrition. She has main- Stavros Agoroudis from Townsville. Follow- tained a full time practice, has held a position as a senior practitioner/ naturopathic consultant, a clinic manager and train- ing the Blessing Fr Dimitri read the Official er for Blackmores and is a clinic student supervisor as well as a lecturer at the Australian College of Natural Therapies. Message of His Eminence Archbishop Sty- She also maintains her own private practice with successful results. lianos in which our Archpastor regretted his absence from the Conference due to other commitments and called on the dele- gates to reflect on the responsibility of Christian Dior, Gucci, Calvin Klein Christian young people today in light of our ABOVE and BELOW: Participant students Katerina + Kyriacos Mavrolefteros Lord’s Incarnation. The official opening was conducted by asking questions George Rennie Mrs Christine Smith MP, State Member for Burleigh, representing the Premier, Anna OPTOMETRISTS Bligh. Other dignitaries present included Mr Alex Douglas MP, State Member for Gaven, representing Jean-Paul Langbroek, the Leader of the Opposition; Councillor Susie Douglas, Councillor for Surfers Para- dise; and the Honorary Greek Consul of Qld, Mr Jim Raptis OBE. The keynote speech was delivered by Archimandrite Fr Silouan Fotineas who cur- rently serves at the Holy Monastery of St Nectarios in Adelaide. rected to a special panel which included, As the much-beloved former parish amongst others, Presbytera Michelle Tsa- priest of the Parish/Community of the Dor- kas, a qualified Relationships Counsellor in mition of the Theotokos in Mt Gravatt, Bris- Private Practice. bane, Fr Silouan was received with great The Conference Dinner and social night joy by the youth of South-East Qld. His talk was held at Ashmore Road Seafood and 874 Anzac Parade, Maroubra Junction called upon young people of today to go Steak Restaurant. On the Sunday morning (at bus stop,, on RTA bllock) beyond the acquisition of human forms of the Divine Liturgy was served at the power and embrace faith as the ultimate Church of St Anna and the Conference TTeell:: ((0022)) 99331144--00339933 power that can transform every human concluded with a BBQ and sports day at [email protected] being and unite them with the love of the Apollo Soccer Club. Christ. Congratulations must go to the Organis-

Silhouette, Carrera, Rodenstock Carrera, Silhouette, This speech provoked lively discussion ing Committee of the Conference as well Serengeti, Maui Jim, Fendi, D&G and questions on many issues concerning as the Parish/Community of St Anna and Nina Ricci, Oakley, La font the Christian faith and life which were di- Apollo Soccer Club for a job well done. NOVEMBER 2009 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 17/35 Travel Serres Don’t be a stranger Ancient customs thrive alongside modern pastimes in this Macedonian haven of biodiversity

BY H. ARGYROPOULOS Natura 2000 area, is considered a botanical haven, covered with The traffic lights in the centre thick forests of beech, oak and of Serres, a midsized Greek city Macedonian pine. The fauna in- (population 55,000) 80 kilome- cludes wildcats, boars and roe ters northeast of Thessaloniki, deer. are permanently on amber. They The village of Ano Poroia, the might as well be switched off, nearest to and with the best for - contrary to any Greek ste- views of the lake, is the oldest in reotype that might suggest cha- the area, retaining its authentic os and all kinds of insulting ges- color, and is the starting point tures among drivers and pedes- for several treks on the beautiful trians - authorities have found mountain. The summit range of the regular succession of green Mt Kerkini delineates the Greek- and red unnecessary. Drivers Bulgarian border and visitors give priority to pedestrians even can see the famous Rupel fortifi- if they’re not at a zebra crossing cations - essentially the Greek - the purpose of which seems version of the Maginot Line that incomprehensible, or a nuisance withstood the German onslaught at best, elsewhere in Greece. in 1941. Sidirokastro, east of the But simple courtesies are not lake, has ruins of a Byzantine confined to driving manners. of a racing circuit near the city um well worth visiting (tel 232- routes, traditional villages - each fort built on an impressive gran- Strangers who appear lost are (www.serrescircuit.gr). 20.32474). with its own unique character, ite rock 155 meters high as well offered help without even ask- The roots of the city of Serres But Serres can cater to a even though some are aban- as therapeutic springs. On the ing. are ancient: It is first mentioned broad range of tastes and inter- doned - a skiing center and one outskirts, at Mavros Vrachos, is The broader Serres district is by the ancient historian Herodo- ests, with plenty waiting to be of the most impressive caves in a valley with oak trees. not known as a tourist destina- tus in the 5th century BC as Siris discovered: a lively city with a the country. Alistrati is a picturesque vil- tion proper, except for the artifi- - a name derived from Sirius, large student population, plenty You will also find surviving an- lage in the southeastern part of cial Lake Kerkini, which is the the brightest star in the night of monuments and sights, won- cient customs, such as the annu- the district, on the slopes of country’s foremost wetland. sky. The district’s most impor- derful countryside with dense al “Gynaikokratia” (rule by wo- Mount Menikio. It has a small Tourism in the area is in fact a tant city was Amphipolis, built in forests and plenty of trekking men) in Monokklisia on January zoo and south of the village is relatively recent affair. The Ser- a strategic position near the sea, 8, fire walking in Aghia Eleni on the cave of the same name (tel res plain, which is traversed by which was the location of the May 20-21 and Bacchic dances 23240.82045, ), one of the coun- the Strymonas River and ac- royal mint of ancient Macedonia in Gazoro. try’s most impressive. counts for more than half of the and flourished during Roman But the highlight is definitely Further down is the Aggitis district’s total area, sets its pre- times. The Apostle Paul prea- Lake Kerkini, in the northwest Gorge and bridge, and impres- dominantly rustic character and ched there. Today it is a small corner of the district, one of the sive ancient Macedonian drain- a generally unhurried pace of village, with the district’s main best ecotourism destinations in age works. life - unaffected by the presence archaeological site and a muse- the country. Mount Kerkini, a Source: AthensPlus

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How to get there Where to stay Where to eat What to see & do Local Products

Serres is 587 kilometers from In Serres, Elpida (tel 23210.59311, In Serres, don’t miss Gefseis for In Serres, see the Byzantine acrop- Few other Greek districts boast as Athens and 80 km from Thessaloniki. www.elpida-hotel.gr); in Ano Poroia, excellent traditional cuisine; in Kerkini, olis, the Archaeological Museum (tel many famous delicacies, these in- Three intercity buses leave from two fine guesthouses: Nastou View the restaurant at the Morfi Hotel has 23210.22257) in the 16th 17thcentury clude akanes, a kind of Turkish delight Athens daily (tel 210.512.0212/513.32- Hotel, superb views, good service (tel good freshwater fish and game; Bezesteni Market, the Sarakatsani made of fresh butter - easily found in 80) at 8.30 a.m., 2 p.m. and 9 p.m. (al- 23270.51586,); Viglatoras (tel 23270.5- Hayiati, on the 19th km to Lailias, has Folk History Museum (tel 23210.625- shops in Serres city center - and bou- so at 4 p.m. Fridays). Departures are 1231, www.viglatoras.com). In Lailias, a long, fine menu including buffalo 28), the 1492 Ahmet- Pasha Mosque, gatsa, a pie that contains custard-like more frequent from Thessaloniki (tel Aetopetra, newly built guesthouse, (roasted or casseroled), fasolada the pretty suburb of Aghios Ioannis - cream, cheese or minced meat. The 2310.595.428). For more info, call 145- fine views, good service (tel 6973.- (bean soup) and pies; in Ano Poroia, a wonderfully lush area with small district also specializes in dairy and 05 or visit www.ktel.org. Trains via 739344, www.hotelaetopetra.gr); in Pestrofotaverna (tel 23270.51375), on- waterfalls; in Sidirokastro, the excel- meat products and is known for ka- Thessaloniki call first at Rodopolis (for Kerkini, Oikoperiigitis, good service, ly on Saturdays and holidays in win- lent Michalis Tsartsidis Folklore and vourmas, a meat cured according to a Lake Kerkini) and then at Serres (tel area info center (tel 23270.41450, ter, excellent spot for trout; in Kato History Museum (tel 23230.22307/- recipe brought by refugees from 1110). The fourth alternative is to fly www.oikoperigitis. gr); in Alistrati, Ar- Poroia, Dionysos (tel 23270.41215), 218); skiing at Lailias (tel 23210.58- Turkey (80 percent buffalo meat, 15 to Thessaloniki and then rent a car chontiko Voziki, fine traditional guest- simple cafe-taverna, local specialities, 784/53790), 26 km from Serres city; percent pork and 5 percent lamb; out- (Olympic Air, tel 210.355.0500, 801.- house (tel 23240.20-400, www.hotel- good value for money, only Friday- Turkish baths at Agistro (tel 23230.- lets: Zelios Boras, in Livadia, tel 801.0101; Aegean Airlines, tel 801.1- boziki.gr). Sunday in winter; fish at Lithotopos. 41420/30), open 24 hours. 23270.31109, and Mesogaia, 52 Nikis 12.0000). Street, Athens). NOVEMBER 2009 18/36 TO BHMA The Greek Australian VEMA Arts, Food & Wine Editor: Imogen Coward Black: has it lost its dramatic edge?

By Dr Ann Coward crowd, being the first to take on board what style leaders, think very far back to remember a time when it was diffi- such as Yamamoto, were advocating - not from Tokyo, cult to buy black clothes and there was certainly no such On 10 October, 2009, the Japanese couturier Yohji Ya- but from Paris. thing as black clothing for children! SBS recently ran a mamoto announced he was bankrupt. Well, sort of. His In the 1970s and 1980s haute couture was to revisit special on the popular Japanese TV series The Samurai - collaboration with the sportswear manufacturer Adidas Japanese aesthetics. Unlike the early 20th century, when Shintaro - and noted that for children wanting to dress up will continue, but his fashion house in Tokyo will close. Diaghelev’s ballet costumes and sets caused a sensation as ninjas in the 1970s it was almost impossible to find Why should this be regarded as noteworthy? After all throughout Europe, making orientalism and a fascination black clothing. plenty of companies - big brands, even bigger than his - for the Far East extremely popular, the interest in the later In recent times, black has been regarded as the have all hit the wall in the past year and a half. decades was propelled by Japanese designers. Gone, province of spiritual, high minded men and women. Do you remember back to the days when Keating was however, were the beautiful and colourful fabrics of the Monks wore black, nuns wore black, poets wore black. PM? Did you notice, in Sydney at least, that young people Ballet Russe. Instead, what we got was black. Many Historically, though, rich blacks were worn only by the no- started to wear a lot of black? In my naivete I thought it shades of it, or so said Yamamoto’s collaborator, Rei bility, while rough blacks were worn by the peasantry. had something to do with being poor and living in a ‘ba- Kawakubo when asked what other colours, other than The middle classes at one stage, under sumptuary laws, nana republic’, but I’ve since learnt that this was not the black, she used in her palette. The stylistic feature that were forbidden to wear black. In England, during the 13th case. Newsflash! They were not reacting to the economic joined the two ‘waves’ of Japanese influence on Western century, black was officially proclaimed as the preferred times by wearing black. They were actually ahead of the dress was draping - the influence of the kimono. (Did you colour for the clothing of monks and nuns, although this wear a dressing gown over your pyjamas when you were didn’t really restrict them from wearing whatever their a child? Or did you call it a kimono?) families gave them to wear, as black dye was expensive. Names such as Yohji Yamamoto, Rei Kawakubo, and Is- In the 20th century, Coco Chanel’s little black dress be- say Miyake are synonymous with modern international came a statement of sophistication, and it was made even fashion. Their designs for clothing and developments in more popular by Givenchy when he dressed Audrey Hep- fabric technology have filtered down to the lowest levels burn for the 1961 film, Breakfast at Tiffany’s. Audrey’s Écoutez! of the market-place. Stand on a street corner in Sydney’s photo, with her dressed in black, has adorned many hand- CBD any day of the week and spot the working woman bags over the past few years. NOT dressed in black slacks. It’s almost impossible. Ever But what effect does wearing black have on the wear- Arts Review wondered whose idea it was to design skirts with unfin- er? Does colour have an intrinsic value? Most of our ished hems, or hems that are uneven, or jeans with rips in colour associations, but not all, are learnt. They’re cultural. them, or skirts worn over slacks, or torn T-shirts? And Wear black to a Greek function and a look of puzzlement what about the clothes that are made from cloth that is will still flicker over the faces of the older people (not the minutely pleated? younger ones today), wondering if you’re in a state of Fashion commentators have labelled Kawakubo’s and mourning. Why wear black when mourning? Why have we Yamamoto’s clothes as ‘Hobo Chic’, while Miyake’s falls associated black with other-worldiness? Well, here, I’m into the category of ‘Techno Chic’. However they may be going to offer a brief personal assessment. Wearing black regarded, for an era that has questioned the viability of is easy. Everything matches. If sunlight fades the cloth, we haute couture, the influence of Miyake, Kawakubo and Ya- can re-dye it. Nothing simpler. It hides our shape, and be- mamoto clearly demonstrates that what is shown in Paris cause of the same reason, it looks neat. On a less trivial can influence everyday suburban wear tomorrow at the note, black clothing is valued because it doesn’t distract other end of the world. our thoughts. When we go to a concert, for example, and But what about the fate of black clothing? Several years the orchestra is dressed in black, we focus more easily ago on a trip to Brisbane I was extremely aware that no- on the music. one was wearing black and that my black outfit was But, when we want to add a bit of colour, black shows rather foolish in such a climate. On a trip up north a few it up magnificently. And I think that this is where its value months ago, I was stunned to find that many young peo- truly lies. Black makes up aware of colour. Strange, isn’t ple in Brisbane now wear black. How long will the trend it? Because of black, colour - all colours - become even last, especially with the summer months fast approach- more important, more vibrant, more accentuated. Colour ing? makes us aware of light. Colour opens our eyes to joy, to Kawakubo has moved away from black. When she first life, and to beauty. We need only to think of the everyday Ο ΚΥΚΛΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΗΣ introduced colour, it was intense, with plenty of polka black worn by priests, and the effect it has on us all when dots, as a contrast to black. Now, it seems she has gone they appear before the faithful fully vested. The contrast is Le Cycle de la Vie/The Cycle of Life in for pastels. It will be interesting to see if the market spectacular. Dramatic. Awe-inspiring. As it should be. Musiko Polytropo - Iannis Kaïmakis place follows her lead and reject black. We don’t have to L’Emprinte Digitale ED 13105

This CD presents a collection of Traditional Greek songs dealing with human life and the key themes FFoooodd && WWiinnee of childhood, marriage and death. The music is sourced from many different regions including Asia Minor, Epirus, Macedonia, the Peloponnese and The Foodies’ Guide to Sydney, edition has been updat- Crete, and is performed by Musiko Polytropo, an 2010 ed and now contains ensemble of music students from the music de- details of over 450 By Helen Greenwood & John Newton food suppliers both in partment of the University of Aristotle in Thessa- (Hardie Grant Books) and around Sydney. lonika. The recording was made under the direction The entries contain a of Iannis Kaïmakis, a musicologist and musician brief overview of specialising in authentic Greek folk-songs, and Who of us, today, knows much about the quality of each supplier’s spe- maintains the tradition of monophonic singing, by the food we consume...where our food is sourced from, ciality as well as lo- soloist or group/s while also making use of large whether it is in season (or has been kept ‘fresh’ for cation, opening number of instruments, such as the double flute, vi- months in cold storage) and whether or not the farmer times and contact olin, lyra, oud and percussion. In many ways, the is committed to sustainable farming practices? Shop- details. The entries use of monophonic singing and use of a drone in ping among the glistening supermarket aisles and plas- are grouped ac- many of the slower works are more stylistically at- tic-wrapped produce, it’s all too easy to forget the cording to subject tuned to Byzantine Chant than to popular perform- sheer delight, invaluable knowledge, and of course fab- and there are al- ances of the Greek folk-song repertoire by artists ulous food, to be gained from visiting a top-notch, ded- so special sec- such as Glykeria. Overall, it is an interesting collec- icated greengrocer, butcher, baker, or delicatessen. tions on local produce tion. Whether you’re after a tray of katayifi, some prime markets and organic suppliers. To The CD is not widely available in Australia, but Kangaroo fillet, organic Greek-style yoghurt, or simply make navigating your way around Sydney just that little may be found online at www.cduniverse.com top quality local fruit and veg, the 2010 Foodies’ Guide bit easier, the book also contains a number of maps. I.C. is guaranteed to help you on your quest. Last year’s Foodies’ Guide is a must for everyone. NOVEMBER 2009 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 19/37

Greece pledges Duo shell out $44m for CBD Holiday Inn spending cuts By CATHY SAUNDERS to curb deficit Two WA investors who became mates Greece's new Socialist government after pharmacy school have stumped has promised to cut public spending up $44 million for the Holiday Inn City in 2010 to reduce the country's soar- Centre in Hay Street (Perth) in the first ing budget deficit, at present more major hotel deal in the CBD for more than four times the limit set for Euro- than 18 months. zone countries. Finance Minister Giorgos Papacon- Greek Australians Constantine Berbatis stantinou said on Thursday Greece's and George Atzemis have bought the 4.5- economic output would shrink by 1.5 star, 181-room hotel from Eureka Funds per cent this year and by 0.3 per cent Management Pty Ltd and aim to transform in 2010 - confirming the country is in it into an inner-city drinking and dining des- recession for the first time since tination. 1993. The long-standing friends, who met The 2009 budget deficit was ex- when Mr Berbatis was a locum in Mr pected to reach 12.7 per cent of GDP Atzemis’ Osborne Park pharmacy in 1969, and would be reduced to 9.4 per cent hooked up in the property sector by devel- next year, helped by public spending oping a medical centre in 1981. They own cuts worth 1.6 billion euros ($A2.6 bil- three shopping centres, including Plaza Ar- lion), Papaconstantinou said. cade in the city, and accommodation prem- ises in Margaret River. The figures were presented in the CB Richard Ellis Hotels, which negotiated draft 2010 budget, due to be ap- the sale, said the Holiday Inn was one of proved by parliament before the end the best-trading hotels in Perth and the of the year. Prime Minister George ABOVE: Constantine Berbatis, left, and best located, being so close to the Hay George Atzemis in the bar at the Holiday Inn. Papandreou's Socialists ousted the Street mall, corporate activity and adminis- conservatives in general elections trative offices on the Terrace. RIGHT: The Holiday Inn City Centre in Hay last month and sharply revised deficit “Year-to-date, occupancy has exceeded Street figures. 90 per cent due to the high demand for The revision drew strong public rooms and lack of new supply coming on Picture: Ben Crabtree criticism from EU finance officials, to the market,” CBRE Hotels director David because countries that use the euro Kennedy said. and café lie, and reconfigure the area as a are committed to keeping their budg- Mr Atzemis said the duo had been at- drawcard eating and dining spot. et deficits below 3 per cent of GDP. tracted to buy the hotel because of its lo- “We see opportunities to improve the pecially satisfying because his godfather, Papaconstantinou blamed Greece's cation in the heart of the city. It sits about restaurant and the drinking facilities and Nicholas Pilatis, was the first Greek hotel previous government for "derailing" 200m west of the Hay Street mall among create an ambience which will be fre- owner in WA, buying the Shamrock Hotel in the country's public finances. international retailers such as Gucci, Prada quented by people who are in the city,” Mr Geraldton more than 60 years ago. "There was a collapse of the tax- and Burberry, and Virgin Blue crew stay Atzemis said. The hotel is managed by the The Holiday Inn, which was developed in collection system... that coincided there on stopovers. worldwide InterContinental Hotels Group, two stages starting in the 1970s and mod- with an uncontrolled increase in “To build a hotel now is almost cost pro- which has retained the management rights ernised from 1995 to 2005, has had a suc- spending," he said in a live TV ad- hibitive,” Mr Atzemis said. The new owners until 2020 under the terms of the sale cession of interstate and international owners since the 1990s. dress. plan to move the restaurant from the first agreement. floor to the ground floor, where the bar Mr Berbatis said the acquisition was es- The West Australian (14/10/2009)

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The Greek Australian VEMA NOVEMBER 2009 20/38 TO BHMA

GREEK ORTHODOX ARCHDIOCESE OF AUSTRALIA ST EUPHEMIA COLLEGE ÄÇÌÏÔÉÊÏ ÃÕÌÍÁÓÉÏ Kindergarten Orientation 2010 St Euphemia College recently welcomed their new Kindergarten students for 2010.

LEFT: Mr Hirakis, Father Stavros, Mrs Xanthoudakis, Mr Theophilou OAM, Mrs Ladikos, welcoming the 2010 Kindergarten students.

RIGHT:The current Kindergarten students build valuable friendships with the new students.

LEFT: A wonderful performance by KB, showcasing their excellent acting talents.

RIGHT: The new students entertained the audience with a selection of well known songs. 202 Stacey Street, Bankstown NSW 2200 * www.steuphemia.nsw.edu.au