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The Coming Gender Revolution in Science 403 Henry Etzkowitz, Stefan Fuchs, Namrata Gupta, Carol Kemelgor, and Marina Ranga

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The Coming Gender Revolution in Science 403 Henry Etzkowitz, Stefan Fuchs, Namrata Gupta, Carol Kemelgor, and Marina Ranga The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies Handbook Advisory Board Wiebe E. Bijker Michel Callon Aant Elzinga Steve Epstein Yaron Ezrahi Michael Fischer Kim Fortun Ronald Giere Tom Gieryn Donna Haraway Sheila Jasanoff Karin Knorr-Cetina Donald MacKenzie Trevor Pinch Hans-Jörg Rheinberger Arie Rip Wes Shrum Knut Sørensen Susan Leigh Star Lucy Suchman Vivian Weil The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies Third Edition Edited by Edward J. Hackett Olga Amsterdamska Michael Lynch Judy Wajcman Published in cooperation with the Society for Social Studies of Science The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. For information about special quantity discounts, please email [email protected] This book was set in Stone Serif and Stone Sans by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The handbook of science and technology studies / Edward J. Hackett . [et al.], editors.—3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-08364-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Science. 2. Technology. I. Hackett, Edward J., 1951– II. Society for Social Studies of Science. Q158.5.N48 2007 303.48′3—dc22 2007000959 10987654321 In memory of David Edge Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Edward J. Hackett, Olga Amsterdamska, Michael Lynch, and Judy Wajcman I Ideas and Perspectives 9 Michael Lynch 1 Science and Technology Studies and an Engaged Program 13 Sergio Sismondo 2 The Social Study of Science before Kuhn 33 Stephen Turner 3 Political Theory in Science and Technology Studies 63 Charles Thorpe 4 A Textbook Case Revisited—Knowledge as a Mode of Existence 83 Bruno Latour 5 The Social Worlds Framework: A Theory/Methods Package 113 Adele E. Clarke and Susan Leigh Star 6 Feminist STS and the Sciences of the Artificial 139 Lucy Suchman 7 Technological Determinism Is Dead; Long Live Technological Determinism 165 Sally Wyatt 8 Pramoedya’s Chickens: Postcolonial Studies of Technoscience 181 Warwick Anderson and Vincanne Adams viii Contents II Practices, People, and Places 205 Olga Amsterdamska 9 Argumentation in Science: The Cross-Fertilization of Argumentation Theory and Science Studies 211 William Keith and William Rehg 10 STS and Social Epistemology of Science 241 Miriam Solomon 11 Cognitive Studies of Science and Technology 259 Ronald N. Giere 12 Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Raise a Discipline: The Past, Present, and Future Politics of Laboratory Studies in STS 279 Park Doing 13 Social Studies of Scientific Imaging and Visualization 297 Regula Valérie Burri and Joseph Dumit 14 Messy Shapes of Knowledge—STS Explores Informatization, New Media, and Academic Work 319 The Virtual Knowledge Studio: Paul Wouters, Katie Vann, Andrea Scharnhorst, Matt Ratto, Iina Hellsten, Jenny Fry, and Anne Beaulieu 15 Sites of Scientific Practice: The Enduring Importance of Place 353 Christopher R. Henke and Thomas F. Gieryn 16 Scientific Training and the Creation of Scientific Knowledge 377 Cyrus C. M. Mody and David Kaiser 17 The Coming Gender Revolution in Science 403 Henry Etzkowitz, Stefan Fuchs, Namrata Gupta, Carol Kemelgor, and Marina Ranga III Politics and Publics 429 Edward J. Hackett 18 Science and the Modern World 433 Steven Shapin 19 Science and Public Participation 449 Massimiano Bucchi and Federico Neresini Contents ix 20 Science, Technology, and Social Movements 473 David Hess, Steve Breyman, Nancy Campbell, and Brian Martin 21 Patient Groups and Health Movements 499 Steven Epstein 22 User-Technology Relationships: Some Recent Developments 541 Nelly Oudshoorn and Trevor Pinch 23 STS and Ethics: Implications for Engineering Ethics 567 Deborah G. Johnson and Jameson M. Wetmore 24 STS Perspectives on Scientific Governance 583 Alan Irwin 25 Expertise: From Attribute to Attribution and Back Again? 609 Robert Evans and Harry Collins IV Institutions and Economics 631 Olga Amsterdamska 26 The Commercialization of Science and the Response of STS 635 Philip Mirowski and Esther-Mirjam Sent 27 Organizational Contexts of Science: Boundaries and Relationships between University and Industry 691 Jennifer L. Croissant and Laurel Smith-Doerr 28 Science, Technology, and the Military: Priorities, Preoccupations, and Possibilities 719 Brian Rappert, Brian Balmer, and John Stone 29 The Right Patients for the Drug: Pharmaceutical Circuits and the Codification of Illness 741 Andrew Lakoff 30 Making Order: Law and Science in Action 761 Sheila Jasanoff 31 Knowledge and Development 787 Susan E. Cozzens, Sonia Gatchair, Kyung-Sup Kim, Gonzalo Ordóñez, and Anupit Supnithadnaporn x Contents V Emergent Technosciences 813 Judy Wajcman 32 Genomics, STS, and the Making of Sociotechnical Futures 817 Adam M. Hedgecoe and Paul A. Martin 33 Emerging Medical Technologies 841 Linda F. Hogle 34 Biomedical Technologies, Cultural Horizons, and Contested Boundaries 875 Margaret Lock 35 STS and Social Studies of Finance 901 Alex Preda 36 Nature and the Environment in Science and Technology Studies 921 Steven Yearley 37 Bridging STS and Communication Studies: Scholarship on Media and Information Technologies 949 Pablo Boczkowski and Leah A. Lievrouw 38 Anticipatory Governance of Nanotechnology: Foresight, Engagement, and Integration 979 Daniel Barben, Erik Fisher, Cynthia Selin, and David H. Guston List of Contributors 1001 Name Index 1015 Subject Index 1047 Preface The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Third Edition, testifies to a thriving field of research in social studies of science, technology, and their interactions with society. The editors of the third Handbook have done a tremendous job by mapping a multifaceted but now clearly maturing field. This volume shows the richness of current empirical and theoretical research. The volume also displays—indirectly, in the notes, references, and bibliographies—the institutional strengths of the field in terms of journals, book series, research institutes, and graduate and undergraduate pro- grams. And it significantly highlights that research in science and technology studies is increasingly engaging with the outside world. This engagement is partly directed toward other academic disciplines and practices and partly toward addressing ques- tions of policy and governance in public and political institutions. This Handbook was produced under the aegis of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S). The Society selected the proposal by the editorial team and constituted the Handbook Advisory Board to monitor and assist in the process. Most importantly, the editors drew on the wealth of scholarship produced by the 4S membership. During 4S annual meetings, consecutive steps for developing the Handbook were presented by the editors and discussed with 4S members. The Handbook thus bears witness to the richness within the STS scholarly community, encompassing different generations of researchers, different research agendas, and different styles of engagement. It is, then, with conviction and pride that 4S grants its imprimatur to this Handbook. 4S extends its gratitude to all who have contributed to the realization of this grand project: the contributing authors, the members of the Advisory Board, and the staff at MIT Press. First and foremost, however, the Society is indebted to the editors Ed Hackett, Olga Amsterdamska, Mike Lynch, and Judy Wajcman. They succeeded in pro- ducing a truly exciting handbook that maps the current state of the field while also offering new challenges and innovative perspectives for future research. Wiebe E. Bijker Michel Callon Acknowledgments An effort of this magnitude and duration incurs many debts, and it is a pleasure for us to thank the many who helped us with the Handbook. We do so knowing, with some embarrassment, that we will surely overlook others who helped us. We thank them here first, adding our apologies for forgetting to thank them by name. We are very grateful to the Handbook Advisory Board, led by Wiebe Bijker and Michel Callon, in their capacities as 4S president and Advisory Board chair, respec- tively, and to Jessie Saul, who coordinated the board’s activities. Wiebe, Michel, and Jessie, accompanied at times by Wes Shrum, worked openly with us and quietly behind the scenes on the strategy, substance, and logistics of the Handbook. Chapters were reviewed by Alison Adam, Anne Balsamo, Isabelle Baszanger, Anne Beaulieu, Stuart Blume, Bob Bolin, Geoff Bowker, Suzanne Brainard, Steve Brint, Phil Brown, Larry Busch, Alberto Cambrosio, Monica Casper, Claudia Casteneda, Daryl Chubin, Adele Clarke, Simon Cole, Dave Conz, Elizabeth Corley, Jennifer Croissant, Norman Denzin, Jose van Dijk, Gilli Drori, Joseph Dumit, Ron Eglash, Wendy Faulkner, Jennifer Fishman, John Forrester, Michael Fortun, Scott Frickel, Joan Fujimura, Jan Golinski, David Gooding, Michael Gorman, Alan Gross, Hugh Guster- son, David Guston, Rob Hagendijk, Martin Hajer, Patrick Hamlett, David Healey, Joseph Hermanowicz, Kathryn Henderson, Stephen Hilgartner, Eric von Hippel, Chris- tine Hine, Rachelle Hollander, Alan Irwin, Paul Jones, Sarah Kember, Nick King, Daniel Kleinman, Jack Kloppenberg, Martin Kusch, David Livingstone, Scott Long, Ilana Löwy, William Lynch,
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