NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH
SOYOUN KIM they reflect, inspired this approach. approach. this inspired reflect, they appearance visual the of terms in especially common, in things many have ideologies two these that decision my ideology; Korean North of adenial as meant not is This thereof. understanding abetter present to Communism in ideology Ju-Che the included Iarbitrarily thesis, this In Marxism-Leninism. of avariant as viewed “Ju-Che ”, ideology, originally own its has Korea North Koreas. both to refer to have I when first South the to refer Iwill Korean, a South of perspective the from written is thesis this Since respectively. Korea” “North and Korea” “South named be will they thesis this in convenience, For (DPRK)’. Korea of Republic People’s ‘Democratic the and (ROK)’ Korea of ‘Republic the are Koreas two the of names official The of thismethodology project. design the explain Five and Four Chapter and process, design the for Korea of analysis astrategic develops Three Chapter attention. sincere people’s attract couldn’t Korea two between relationship the why Two describe and One Chapter conclusion. a and chapters five of consists thesis This reading, Before 1 thought”. to national and international and revolutionary contribution brilliant “original, Il-sung’s Kim as government the by described Korea, North of ideology state “self-reliance”, is the official as translated usually Juche, 1
5 CHAPTER 1 6 5.3.3 5.3.2 5.3.1 5.3 5.2 5.1 28 3.3.2 3.3.1 3.3 3.2 3.1 4.2 4.1 Bibliography 50 Appendix 46 Conclusion 44 pavilion The house : propaganda Co-rea Chapter 5 34 Ideology can’t explain everything Chapter 4 effect Overview The Chapter 3 16 Family but /Enemy Enemy but Family Chapter 2 12 spectacle the of country The Chapter 1 8 Introduction 5 Designing the space the Designing pavilion the of strategy The box Blue the outside Thinking Plausible future preparations predictions future Plausible South, North Moody Docile Inversed stereotypes Koreas both of idea General Companion in daily life indaily Companion Great but incomplete preparations The amplifying roof amplifying The ideology beneath character :introverted inside from view The of ideology character outgoing :the outside from view The and are highly influential countries for, highlyand are countries influential other each Koreans define, both Thus, versa. Korea and vice ‘North’ Korea meaning to only has ‘South’ in relation this sense, In and identity. and my me imply generation’s Zeitgeist could it that to feel hindsight Istarted with beginning, but or South?” the at this question Ididn’t think about much Korea”.from me: “North ask automatically they Then, saying: by “I’m myself Ihabitually introduce people, Imeet When degree. amaster’s studying Netherlands up Korea, in and grew and I’m South born I was now in the my work?” through should Irepresent and identity Zeitgeist “What this question: with ed Istart ofevaluation. Therefore, standards my personal are identity” and adesigner’s of“Zeitgeist concepts the design, good about viewpoints different are there Though Introduction really have any experience or symptoms ofseparation. or symptoms havereally any experience don’t we so tion’s generation, ‘after-war’ the are parents them? about ofour know we genera In most addition, that So, say we how can it. about information limited or Korea, only have and they distorted North even visit can’t over for Koreans 70 South years; separated have been countries both In fact, errors. critical causes sometimes my body.” that arrogance However, this unnecessary is understands I’m completely onlywho one the because Korea like well. doctor It’s saying: “INorth am my best comprehend they that deluding themselves consciously including Koreans, myself, un South are In this context, fig. 1 fig. .
- - - North or South is meaningless is South or North of identity other, each Without 1 fig.
7 8 limitations. withoutany geopolitical Third, Icanbemoreobjective Korea, their thoughts. theyarenotwillingtodivulge North Korean inSouth defectors there areover 30,000 meet North Korean outsideofKorea. defectors Evenif prejudice andpoliticalcorruption. Second, itiseasierto to dothisprojectinSouth Korea, Iwouldbelimitedby ifIwanted metoproceedwiththisproject.First, drives are someimportant reasonswhy this situation strongly complex topicintomy designlanguage.Infact,there my identityatthemoment,willhelpmetotranslatethis Also, living intheNetherlands Also, living way ofcommunicationandtooseriousmethodology. issue. this controversial The reason istheirmonologue theless, notmanyon studieshavedevelopedadiscourse onthisrelationship.Never havealreadyworked signers I’m aware thatmany Korean andforeignerartists andde- are the definition of theZeitgeist ofthe Korean Peninsula. existence thatwethinkknow’. These ironicstatements ‘the unclearexistenceasmyth orvirtual reality’;and‘the ‘The unknowable away’; place that is only few kilometers two Koreas ismorecomplicatedthanthis. TV show inJungle”.“Survival The situationbetweenthe me ifIsaidthatknewthejunglethroughSouth Korean For ofthejunglewouldmock example,natives mediums. is always accompaniedbydistortion throughparticular mass media,weshouldn’tmissthefactthat‘voyeurism’ ina‘PeepingEven ifweareliving society’throughthe fig. 2 , which isalargepart of fig. 2 fig. “Living in Netherland” of Illustration - Just as a young Dutch man called Hendrick Hamel Hamel Hendrick man called ayoung as Dutch Just this todevelop project. out this Imind Iset might have, generations and with and future generation my that issue reality.the this Ifound aproblematic regarding ofawareness like an absence me, from is even dream, for a man on inside the an extravagant as up imagining ofKorea ends that future the reason The world?” real the in happened eses?” and “how actually it if would be it hypoth as only possible “are questions imaginary these imagined afiction?”; as ofKorea be future should the However, followed: “Why point. questions serious some starting was my first question sillyThis science-fiction currently? is friend?” it as good same the be we could Or be Might relationship the middle Netherlands; the of the again in started somehow and they weapons of nuclear aresult as Korea disappeared and North South if “What Netherlands in the 21st century through design. through design. in 21st the Netherlands century again tothe Korea once his journal, toreintroduce Ihope through Korea toEurope in 17th the introduced century fig.3 first first - quently published in 1668. in published quently subse- was which 1653-1666,” Korea, of Kingdom the of tion aDescrip- and Journal “Hamel’s wrote he there, years thirteen Joseon Korea. After spending of account hand afirst provide was the first Westerner to –1692) (1630 Hamel Hendrick 3 fig.
9 INTRODUCTION 10 The country of the spectacle the of country The 1 Chapter dazzling night scenes of Seoul’s tourist areas ofSeoul’s areas tourist night scenes dazzling the for search just Images: on found Google be easily can Koreas two the between contrast dramatic This year. every indicators high economic OECD our display even we and Hyundai, proudly Samsung like companies big on successful Based respectable. Korea is ofSouth hand, reputation other the the On Messiah. waiting the for people or public an ofthe apitiful enemy as described country’ ‘barbaric that havethey become Regardless, tothis result. factor a major contributory is policy Korea’s North closed-door course, Of ticated. authen even might though media they be not mass the through real as images these toaccept started People would he enjoy ‘like’maybe the pushing button. angry, would he be or or on Facebook, Google tographs than ever. his silly saw pho stronger are Jong-un Kim If Korea ofNorth images These etc. hairstyle, ridiculous policy, president’s the famine, barbarism, closed-door a warmongering, censorship, weapons, nuclear tions, genera of three succession a hereditary Dictatorship, the ridiculous appearance of Kim Jong-un Jong-un of Kim appearance ridiculous the Jong-un is hilarious. is Jong-un Trump ofDonald photos that ofKim those up with pop fig. 4 fig. Dazzling night scene of Seoul city Seoul of scene night Dazzling fig. 5 fig. Kim Jong-un Kim Korea North of leader supreme the of appearance Ridiculous fig. 5 fig. . The fact fact . The fig. 4 fig. and and - - -
11 12 the truth ofour and make lives spectators. us truth the hide images ,these Spectacle’ ofthe Society in ‘The indicated Debord Guy all As world. around the people by also Koreans but only South by not seen are know Korea think we we North ofthe images the that trates man, illus Google modern the for retina ofthe a kind As 2 - Spectacle Spectacle the of concept the presents and develops he which in Debord, Guy by theory critical Marxist and philosophy of work a 1967 is Spectacle the of Society The 2 tend to be regarded as old-fashioned or overtly serious. or overtly old-fashioned as regarded tobe tend up, they issues such tobring wants someone more, if Further in them. or participate don’twe todiscuss want but images, such We toenjoy want and consume just - Debord> as North Korean ver. Korean North as Debord> Guy Spectacle, the of Society 13 14 Family Enemy but /Enemy Family but 2 Chapter bastards cation reunifi brutal that Peaceful Kill words, ‘family’ or ‘enemy’. ‘family’ words, or for unification’ a fight”,‘opponent peaceful other in for ‘object clear: very Korea was in it South experienced issue’. However,as I relationship this of definition the geopolitical or a‘historical, superpowers’ ofthe battle ‘the conflict’, ‘ideological as such terms with scale, on international the a problem as described Korea often is and South North between relationship intricate The relationship color complementary the like Korea South in Korea North Incompatible perspectives on brutal bastards> Killthat reunification, 15 16 FAMILY BUT ENEMY / ENEMY BUT FAMILY our gun at a target that looked like a North Korean soldier like looked that aNorth our atarget gun at We Koreaour was main aimed literally adversary. North that taught Iwas service, military During years. two for service Ihad into togo military because of this changed to right vote, oldthe and got all years 20 I turned When soon. would happen unification our family and peaceful Korea was on TV, the North that governments and Ifelt fig. 9 fig. Families’ program ‘Reunion ofDispersed a was there In time. fact, that at meaningthe of division Ididn’tknow even time because in my life first the for Korea ofNorth presence of the me informed this song Actually, song. unification.” the of This line is a mainpart even unification; is our is also hope ourin hope dreams “Our my classmates: with a song and sang I learned school, elementary year at in Iwas my second When “commie” follow. would quickly of Korea, label the like pro-North were they acted one quickly. some If very distant very becoming Korea was and South North between relationship the Therefore, expanded. were and Internet phone smart and side toright our government changed period, that During Internet. and the phones ofsmart an expansion was and there right, tothe our government had turned period, on that back Looking it. todiscuss wanted people many and not oftaboo asort Korea had become North about talking that Irealized tosociety, returning After Korea was. North how dangerous about us teaching national public broadcaster of South Korea “KBS” Korea South of broadcaster public national the on 1983, in families> dispersed of 17 CHAPTER 2 18 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH fig. 12 fig. 19 CHAPTER 1 20 The Overview effect Overview The 3 Chapter the key strand. tofind easy appear doesn’t it course, Of little. by little be it unraveled might strand, tofind a were someone tounravel. However, if possible that seems also it like im a skein of thread seems it strange; somewhat Actually, in Korean the seems peninsula situation the . effect’ of‘Overview like sort feel in of division Korean the I peninsula, history complex over and looking 70 ofthe Taking years back, astep 4 - 4 view effect.” view “Over- of example good is which isthe in Earth the universe, weak how shows It probe. space 1 Voyager the by 1990, 14, February on taken Earth planet of aphotograph is Dot Blue Pale 13 fig. nauts during spaceflight cosmo- and astronauts some by reported awareness in shift tive acogni- is effect overview The 21 22 THE OVERVIEW EFFECT North Korea. However, unequivocal. North was answer the with cooperation cultural or to promote permission Korea with North tovisit possible was it if them asked and South in Korea Office Unification the I contacted on. time goes as secluded and more more becoming is and isolated become has have, they country the culties diffi current and the policy Korea’sNorth closed-door due to first, came ofwhich Even aquestion though it’s USA. the country: strongest the level as on same the being at their attempts sense Ican because pathetic hand, look other they the On controversial. be can it because Korea statement ofpro-North this type ‘mutant ofcapitalism’. However, from Ishould desist Korea’s South for instructive somehow as seen be can agovernment and maintain aunique identity establish Colonialism to in of Japanese order away remnants the this, clearing Despite are. they how contradictory just explains capitalism about complains that in acountry of bribing any In prevalence the addition, democracy. People’s ofKorea”, Republic “Democratic find can’t one the of name Ironically,doms. official the in with anation people’s free suppresses to maintain their ideology policy and closed-door hierarchy extreme country’s all not the are true, images silly the and desperate that Ibelieve Korea. Although ofNorth I’m an advocate not 3.1 South, Moody North Docile - - 6 5 North KoreanNorth defector Mr.Choi with interview the to According 6 5 Good luck with your with study!” luck Good on. and so problems, process, adaptation Korea? of North in You Europe instead their study can Korean defectors North about don’t youWhy study stopped. been has cooperation, including cultural ofcooperation, type every ofdenuclearization, lack Korea’s ofNorth situation “Considering current the refusal. aflat with replied They it?”way todo no really there on. Is go must cooperation level cultural non-governmental provocations, armed out carrying “In Korea government is my opinion, North even the if sarcasm. alittle again with I replied allowed.” not are Koreans, Korea or inviting North North visiting Koreans, North for example contacting actions, such All permitted. not is for youthat asked T Korea. North against sanctions of step the UN In the addition, taking is suspended. is Korea and South North all exchange between aresult, As in 2017. provocations these tocontinue awillingness show they Also, launches. missile twenty and about experiments weapon in nuclear 2016 provocation armed two with out carried Korea already you has know,As North Sir,“Dear herefore, the cultural cooperation with North Korea North with cooperation cultural the herefore, 7 South Korea in office Unification the with e-mail through Conversation 7 23 CHAPTER 3 24 THE OVERVIEW EFFECT assumptions. two are there Isuppose In this context, willing toaccept. Korea was North toengage, tried governments previous three when offact, amatter As Korea wanted. South what would Korea, become relationship the North with sition or ahardline po ofengagement aposition Korea took clear. South If very looks relationship coin-flip ticated Korea’s tothis unsophis Interestingly, North the reaction ofsupport. their base toaugment inhole order in the an ace as or enemy’ ‘family either Korea as North of aspects different using are parties In brief, two the A or B. through the result same either reaches This equation anyway ofthis examples clear are Act’ National Security ofthe violation of‘the cases Spy Suji the affair, Wind, Lee and many North the works: obviously and catchy suggestive very being Korean issue, North tothe comes it When advantage. have comparative to other each towards strategies negative direct always and ‘progressives’ ‘conservatives’ So-called conflict. party this political from derived partly Korea are North toward and Two, One Chapter perspectives extreme the in mentioned As during obvious 1990s. the was parties political two between conflict in 1980s, the dictatorship a After relationship. this for hostile responsible more Actually, In my opinion, Idon’t agree. Korea is South Korea. North wicked by caused is in relationship the problem every that seems it in conversation, the shown As anymore. Well, luck! Ididn’t torespond want good what Korea, North with policy want engagement Korea South When Condition: B. A. fig. 14-16 fig. Peace. hope Korea North with South Korea. cooperation other than other choice no have They hopeless. is Korea North . Inter-Korea between relationship Cooperative Result: - - arrested. students advocating democracy were where incident University Kunkuk the to due defensive the on were Se-dong Jang Director then with along Agency the at officials leading time, the At election. tip the ahead balance of the presidential to lie his permitted tacitly Agency The confirmed his remarks. and Kong, Hong in residing aKorean and Japan in Residents Korean of Association General the with affiliated aspy is who wife, my through me abduct to tried Korea North stated, he which at conference, apress hold to him allowed Agency the However, Kong. Hong in apartment an at squabbling while death to Kim strangled had he that Agency the to confessed Kim, Suji of husband Tae-sik, Yoon 1987, January :In 1987 Incident, Kim Suji 15 fig. sweeping across the country. were that protests mocracy pro-de- of waves from away attention public attract helped CIA, Korean feared the by made were which arrests, The prison. in 15 years and one between to sentenced rest the and life to sentenced were four executed, were three and indicted later were 47 the of Thirty-two Korea. North arch-enemy from orders on to uprising a popular starting of intention the with ring underground an formed had they that confessions false make to forced were they torture, Under Ulleungdo. of island remote them residents from the eastern of many country, the across arrested were people 47 of total 1974 :A case spy Ulleungdo Hoi-chang Lee candidate the of rating approval the raise to order in Panmunjom at demonstration armed requested and officer high Korea North met people three party) Party(Right National Grand the Korea, of Republic the of President 15th the of election the of eve the :On 1997 tion, Requesting armed demonstra 14 fig. fig. 16 fig. - 25 CHAPTER 3 26 THE OVERVIEW EFFECT next government might be of a progressive tendency. ofaprogressive government might be next Predictably, increased. parties progressive the for rating approval the aresult, and, as steeply fell Conservatism of revealed; reputation the were of corruption cases many as preposterous collapsed Korea totally in South government or in bad, good 2016For conservative the come. they waves well the when how toride to learn people tostimulate tomake waves but try not is adesigner as do I should what Therefore, president. being by is peninsula an individual as human in Korean the being difference only way the tomake that abig Honestly, seems it point. critical toreach impossible most al it’s so people’s toseize attention, force centripetal for over any weakened 70 has developed years been has that above, structure the mentioned As story. ent differ Unfortunately, Korean avery the has peninsula environment. the and overturn point critical reach could It result. adifferent would be there striders, ofwater thousands were there If disappears. soon it but make asmall can ripple, lake, strider acalm On awater “No”. was waves?’ answer these The make an ‘Could individual designer myself: I asked game. the tochange enough strong waves are repeatedly, and these arise waves ofchange - toleft and right toright Like -left game aping pong 3.2 Plausible3.2 Future predictions - - bestrides state affairs. longtime friend, Choi Soon-sil, her revealed was it after nation President Park Geun-hye’s resig demand to Seoul central in vigil candlelight Korean’s million one 17 fig. - separation or unification’. or separation thingbeing the last with ‘dealing this for first, prepare We there. have from to our should and start we lives, into takething this issue is to unmentionable first The our mindset. reset now, But life. time to it’s to everyday related seem don’t that any tothink dreams large a moment about Korea have and had South not North of development, in process times the rough Undergoing successful. be Unification”, to make money and our is in just hope life Unlike song is unification popular Hope the “Our thing’slast last”. thing’s “first and be must first It true. comes dream the less the hope, we more The iteration. contradictory in Two, Chapter mentioned a it’s that is problem the As framework. this of think to outside difficult It’s thing’s ‘last about talking first’. naturally are - we ‘war’ ‘unification’ as or -such mentality state to an end in done order.be However, accustomed are we since thing’s Like idiom the “first has to first”, everything away. swept be tojump or on wave will the we them and ride prepared coming, should andbe we waves are peace Soon, ofgovernment. reins the hold onto could party on how progressive long the 10 was it ago, years although all of this would depend again like friendly to being it Korea and returned North with improved they if relationship the results good would achieve They Korea full of anxiety. North with relationships made which government, conservative previous tothe compared prove are they how good and toshow Obviously, effective most would it be Korea. North towards apolicy be would thing woulddevelopthey present and first The 3.3 Plausible3.3 Future preparations 27 CHAPTER 3 28 THE OVERVIEW EFFECT is not ‘Utopia’. not is ‘Unification’ of division. than period the nothing better be must result the by chance, unified anywill be Korea even though two government? In this context, Korean North the with together channel aTV share to Koreans propose South how can perspective, this derogatory With K-pop music. cheesy by incited be can who people uncivilized Koreans as North mock Now, Korean the Koreans Peninsula. at look South ter-effects ter-effects af they still have reunification the wall. Nevertheless, tobreak opportunity the didn’tor they adream, miss hope as a theirnot lives, pervaded issue’ ‘reunification the Since communicating. didn’t they stop but points, certain at forces opposing confronted they course, together. Of on ajourney to space and went visiting, allowed controlled channels, law. TV that shared They law, had legitimate They observed and they constantly. other each with tocommunicate tried Germany West Germany. of and reunification the at look East Let’s fig. 18-20 fig. . - The Washington Post Post Washington The Thorp/ Gene by visualized office, researced by statistical German These are man reunification. inequalities after Ger Social 20 fig. concert” “Gag show comedy beloved Korea’s South in Korea North at fun poking News”, Acomedy “Confusing 19 fig. curiosity of out wall berlin the through looking are germans West 18 fig. - Tourist’ region together from 1998-2008 1998-2008 from Tourist’ together region Kumgang ‘Mount the ran also and we 2005-2016, from Korea in North Area’ Industrial ‘Gaeseong the shared we addition, In summit. inter-Korean of holding first the reason by in Prize 2000 Peace jung even won Nobel the Dae- Kim Korean president South Former reconciliation. far. so anything tried have example, For attempted both Korea have and South not North that tosay true not It’s manage, and I’m willing it. for them toapplaud could governments both efforts biggest the were government and all staff recalled. staff all and government Korean South the by closed “temporarily” was it 2016, 10, February On City. Directly-Governed Kaesong the of part from 2002 in formed was It Korea. North of region industrial administrative aspecial is Region Industrial Kaesong The fig. 21 fig. 3.3.1 Great but incomplete preparations preparations 3.3.1 incomplete but Great a North Korean soldier’s gunshot. gunshot. soldier’s Korean a North by died woman aKorean after government Korean South by closed It Kumgang. Mount to traffic tourist Korean South handle to 2002 in established was It Korea. North of region administrative aspecial is Region Tourist Kumgang Mount The fig. 22 fig. fig. 21-22 fig. . These . These 29 CHAPTER 3 30 THE OVERVIEW EFFECT sanctions. tunately, government the from hardship under also is it the unofficial second Gaeseong Industrial Area. Unfor Area. Industrial Gaeseong second unofficial the through Koreans and Chinese through Koreans and Chinese to inter-Korean communication regards with loopholes manyin China,were legitimate there officially is area the Korea. Since China and North between borderlands the of in advantage took China. Dandong area at This talized revi were and Chinese Koreans, North Koreans, South between level businesses In non-governmental addition, everyday lives lives everyday our in pervading successful very weren’t both a result, As down. finallyclosed businesses Unfortunately, both in out to work society. infrastructure time and better more needed It components. and automobile socks as such there, from made ofproducts so, do and still lots using, were although thiswe area, from made were consumed we how manyeven know products ofthe Funnily marketing. with enough, failed has didn’t we Area Korean army. Industrial North In Gaeseoung addition, the wound from agunshot until from woman one died KumgangMount Tour right. of the party well was run toa government changed the when hardships certain through beginning, the come couldn’t they at successful were Even businesses though both consensus. a social and form lives routine topervade serious too was it put, Simply people. everyday of the in touching lives difficulties Reconciliation”, for among Nations inherent were there Cooperation “The title the under government didthe was what Since tothis situation. and approach their attitude being reason the public, the reach effectively couldn’t reconciliation for However, effort this top tobottom Closing of the Kaesong Industrial Region, 2016 23 fig. fig. 23 fig. . Korean in Dandong area Dandong in Korean North for cookers rice Korean South Popular 24 fig. fig. 24 fig. . It was regarded as as regarded was . It - - design. design. into ameaningful tomaterialize Korean the taken issue will Four and Five explain methodology the Chapters our for “daily amatter lives; should be it life.” our from distant Korean not Peninsula should seem on the situation current the Therefore, of discussion. nowisit worthy meaning; that means it significant has “daily as now, life,” accepted is something when it and now. important, “Daily more life” becoming is However,individual routines. different is situation the trivial considered being epics, orrevolutions great “daily In past, the society. life” behind hidden was meaning of “dailyThe in life” modern changed has in issue. the even invested are not who people interest aggressively, more but to form and passive an abstract into our in daily should enter not lives issue The lives. in our daily stayed be Korean the issue that important is it companions, as other each accept Koreas Even both if characters. three-dimensional as Koreas both at our ways;dimensional and look eyes should open we Korea in two- and North shouldn’t we South judge that people toremind intends involved.are project This we in which situations to complicated comes it when stereotypes, using other asignificant tojudge tend However, ofangles. avariety we from many criteria consider we accessories, fashion choose we Even when notions. preconceived by shouldn’t companions judge we way important; is ofjudging companion other the the also emotionally involved. but only words Not not are who many for people an obstacle have been “family” as or “enemy”think such emotional words in “Companion” daily life. emotionalword; I aless is “companions” and future present as other each accept should Both forKoreans relationship. this a definition “companion” word the Isuggest as relations. stable toestablish need sides both situation, unsatisfactory this Considering trust. ofmutual toalack contributed family and enemy, both has be relationship this unstable to other each Korea consider and North South Because 3.3.2 Companion in Companion daily life 3.3.2 31 CHAPTER 3 32 Ideology can’t explainIdeology everything 4 Chapter people feel a sense of loss over this. ofloss asense feel people and conflict, image tothe ofan due ideological omitted willbe life of Koreans’ part Duringthis process, conflict. in an image ofan ideological remembered willtoday be Korea and North South between confrontation the Probably, images. by ruled is history when forgotten However, remains. many science things are rocket the War. Cold the many dealing with movies spy Fortunately, in the depicted was it as ofhuman weapons, country a UnionUnion Soviet the just was .Ihad that thought in Soviet the science ofspace foundation the about know to got Ifirst when impressed quite Iwas instance, character. For memorable most the with an afterimage as remains often past the change, time and contexts As but being also apermanent outcast, someone who never felt at home for a better future unification of Korea. unification future abetter for lay groundwork the and how can we other of each care take can Koreas how is both This this frame. outside life true the tosee try We should constantly zeitgeist. Korea’s both current and the identities represent cannot contrasts However, ideological extreme I claim that into this other frame. in each see they everything to put tend both firm,Koreas so –is communal individual vs. – conflict of the image ideology the ofthe Since and life. identity Koreas’ both comprehend to effort an without place takes unification if confusion, identity from exile,”of “identity suffering asort imagine enter Koreans could Ican that and future. present the about and bitter past the about inconsolable “exile” Edward Said stated, feel As people makes the past, bitter about the present and future. There always has been Exile is one of the saddest fates. pre-modern In times, banishment an associationan between the idea of exile and the terrors of being a and was always at odds with the environment, inconsolable about years of aimless wandering away from places family and familiar was a particularly dreadful punishmentwas aparticularly dreadful since it meant not only 8 The 1993 Reith 1993 The Edward W. Lectures, Said leper, asocial and moral untouchable. -Representations of the Intellectual: of astronautics. pioneers the of one as history in aplace him earning later, years ahundred over use in still are that science rocket and travel space into insights developed Russian father of rocketry, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the 8 33 34 IDEOLOGY CAN’T EXPLAIN EVERYTHING 34 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH too influenced by my general idea. by general my influenced too tobe not best is it so issue, the tocomprehend seeking when have blind spots latter and the former the both Certainly, sense. or common stereotypes entail can it interpreted to be attitudes “general” different connotes However, information. basic word the to describe “general” word explain we an issue, When best the is “general the is Koreas”?What ofboth idea 4.1 General idea of Koreas both South Korea neonsign, bright competitive with street night Dazzling 25 fig. 1st of May Stadium, North Korea North Stadium, 1st May of Rungrado in game mass Playing 26 fig. 35 CHAPTER 1 35 CHAPTER 4 36 IDEOLOGY CAN’T EXPLAIN EVERYTHING loss for South Koreans. South for loss of asense created has an oflosing identity sense the that seems time sadly manylosing It same the things. Korea many gained has things, South while at progress, this During rate. and ahighlove culture, suicide hotel and a addiction, surgery jungle, plastic apartment building, mentality, indiscriminate a uniform hurry” a“hurry- society, competitive an extremely culture, dominant the Chaebol as such capitalism, of excessive spectacle the presenting aplace Korea became South development, for financial rush headlong of its a result As role. playing apivotal Seoul city capital the with growth, and explosive on human resources focused Korea has South resources, natural abundant not are there Since peninsula. of the division to the due ment, and an environ island territory Korea little has South tion simultaneously and rapidly. and moderniza Korea democratization achieved South Korean the War,colonial period, dictatorship, and the through Japanese the accumulated Using energy the country. capitalist like a successful Korea seems South South - - 9 society and politics. and society Korean South in role significant a played also have chaebol The form of business conglomerate. Korean aSouth is A “Chaebol” 9 in South Korea in South issue social pollution aserious is Korea. Ironically,in South light is difficult sky the in stars finding ofthis environment, bright cause be that mention also Korea. They North dark torelatively compared in lights cities, amount ofdazzling Korea the is of South impression first striking most the defectors, Korean tomany North According hostility. or envy unconditional feel and not tocompromise, seek should Koreas Both will continue. this phenomenon that Ifear Korean culture. South Koreans envy North that unenlightened,given as Korean culture North regard generated by capitalism. In South contrast, Koreans Korea of South wealth of the and envy limitations oftheir and tired sick Koreans feel China, many North through Korean society North K-pop penetrated has and movies, dramas, Korean TV South as such culture South Korean However,stylish inflow the of ever since in worked past. the Korean children, which young North Korean in life and South of capitalism images negative toinstill trying Korean been government has North The Westernized lifestyle. Village Village Hanok Seochon the as such aspects, pragmatic more on Korea focused has South propaganda. ideological avoiding and through ofloanwords, Juche the use the Gaesong traditional conservation district district conservation traditional Gaesong the as original through such initiatives traditions its and maintain topreserve Korea tries example,For North character. adistinctive toassert able been not has Korea South that Iagree In part, Korea has. South ence ofindepend lack the Koreans criticize North capitalism. of apuppet Korea tobe South Korea considers North fig. 28 fig. , mixing language in K-pop, and following a fig. 29 fig. . - fig. 27 fig. , officially , officially - North percent of area of percent 89.4 as area of percentage by pollution light the in second ranked Korea South 2016, search re- science YTN to According 2014 30, January on Koreas both between light night-time of contrast extreme the show that photo satellite NASA A capture fig. 29 fig. fig. 28 fig. 27 fig. South Korea Village, Honok Seochon the in House Sang’s Yi style. modern and tradition of mix of A example Korea North city, Gaesong in Well district traditional preserved South 37 CHAPTER 4 38 IDEOLOGY CAN’T EXPLAIN EVERYTHING images. strange off shows it because strange seems or just it strange is it image because Korea astrange has North I’m whether sure really not reputation. give aworse them only off toshow want they that images propagandistic ironically, but the country well-organized Korea as North torecognize people want They ridiculous. look abilities their show off to filmsuse they and documentary people choreographed creepy. The somewhat looks it games, mass grand-scale its conducts it communal. When looks Korea definitely country, North acommunist Being intensified. more became also Censorship people. from sacrifices and demanded stricter government became the Jong-il, Kim leader new with this period Overcoming the economic crisis, called the “Arduous the called crisis, economic the March nadir the of and, in mid-1990s, the to decline reached it started idly. 1970s, situation the from economic the But, rap developed Korea North countries, communist from on support based ofreconstruction during process the Korean the War, After tomaintain regime. the freedom tolimit Korea tries North rigid is restriction. acteristic peculiar.char defining very Its Korea seems North Korea North in mountain the on banner propaganda A big “Overcome hardship, Build the better paradise!”, 30 fig. North collapsed thecollapsed food system. distribution which famine, Korean North the of wake the in mid-1990s the in masse en appeared first kotjebi constant search for food and shelter. orphaned The kotjebi’s the of because given swallows”, ering “flow- means literally term The children. homeless Korean North denoting term aKorean is “Kotjebi” 31 fig. fig. 30-31 fig. .” .” - - government is becoming less strict strict less becoming government is improving and the Korea been has in North situation financial The 1990s. frustrating the Korea after North in place taking have many been that changes true However, country. apathetic it also it considering it, of fun making Korea keeps South country. communist hilarious downright and mechanical, inhumane, an Korea as North regards Korean negatively South the stage-like capital city city capital stage-like the and behaviors Korea people’sis choreographed North of impression incomprehensible Korea, most the North visit who foreigners, mostly tomany people, According Korea. South for match no still are economy, oflife, offreedom and right quality the nevertheless, but extent, toacertain capitalism allowed has It years. in recent many transformations world the Korea shown has North ofgovernment, reins the took Jong-un Kim after itself by would collapse Korean government North the that belief popular to the fig. 34 fig. . fig. 32-33 fig. . Also, contrary contrary . Also, the past in allowed not is which mark, brand Polo big with shirt yellow a wearing is boy young Korean aNorth street, Pyungyang In (Right) 33 fig. Korea North Pyungyang, in phone a smart using woman Korean A North 32 (Left) fig. for propaganda Korean themselves choreograph North how showing is which expose, a behind-the-scenes make to footage unapproved the contains film The 2015>. Sun, the 39 CHAPTER 4 40 IDEOLOGY CAN’T EXPLAIN EVERYTHING some “inversed stereotypes.” life, Ifind toeveryday Interestingly, comes it when Korea. toNorth Korea in comparison South about talk we when emphasized, are individuality Korea’s and South advantage, freedom comparative uniformity. To ofstrict its astereotype form images communal strong These parades… military spectacular games, mass Korea. Crazy toNorth attributed be can largely both Korea of stereotype fixed the In fact, 4.2 Inversed stereotypes Inversed 4.2 Seoul in South Korea in jungle apartment Indistinctive 35 fig. North Korea(Source:North Newsfocus) in Province Hamgyong North Musan, in marketplace illegal An 36 fig. 41 CHAPTER 4 42 IDEOLOGY CAN’T EXPLAIN EVERYTHING fig. 38 fig. 37 fig. surgery) have who had plastic ofwomen face typical (the ofaGangnam beauty portrait uniformity. The say, with rather, obsessed Korean oddly is South that ofuniformity. fond Korea also is Iwould South In fact, an individual background with a desire for uniformity uniformity for adesire with an individual background an example was it ofshowing on top. Ifelt down goose same the put ofstudents lots special, tobe efforts However,uniform jacket… ironically, all these after askinny pants, skinny pants, a teacher. Wide-legged by scolded ofbeing risk the even taking uniform abit, their tomodify tried always Korea. Students in South schools other most as had auniform, just high school my middle and experiences, tomy school Referring others. by ignored tobe uniform not in order tobe want world in free the people that seems It cases. typical are K-pop group members and indistinguishable rate, jungle, entrance high the college apartment indistinctive South . , Doenjang girls (high, Doenjang woman), maintenance the generation enon in South Korean young brand Face” “North phenom equipment sports A mountain (Right) 38 fig. surgery plastic by face similar have city, richest the as nam, Gang- in women :many Korea surgery phenomenon in South illustrationSatirical of plastic 37 (Left) fig. - describing the South Korean character. national South the describing phenomenon ameaningful also is it but negative, bit seems It to fall inbehind. not look order people other way ofthe aware and are totrends, sensitive Koreans are generally, aresult, As South tosurvive. changes to rapid used be to havehistory,South needed Koreans difficult territory, ahigh density, and a population little has that To In intuitive. is asociety name, it give another it adaptability. to outstanding due is I think this reason ways. and bad good both other in each by being influenced and influencing at Korean good is South corruption. Korean President’s South the against candlelight by toprotest street the of2016,winter than more 11,520,000 to took people with the football team’s red shirt team’s football the shirt with red tocheer, nation) ofthe (almost streets tothe 30% went Korean &Japan people World 13,260,000 Cup, about positively. out 2002 the During works it Sometimes, fig. 39 fig. . Also, in. Also, the true” like a mass game game amass like true” comes meaning“Dream slogan making are shirt red wearing Japan World Cup. Spectators & Korea 2002 in game a soccer for cheering are Korean South 39 fig. 43 CHAPTER 4 44 IDEOLOGY CAN’T EXPLAIN EVERYTHING street markets markets street small tobecome started many people experience, that After rich. tobecome individualism, achance was it adopted who many for people but period, aterrible was South Korea so people could make could money people Korea so South into tomb Japan, and leaked an China, ancient from or illegally were robbed potteries ceramic traditional Korean Actually, many North period, during that survive. mindan can individualistic have who people that Koreans realized North then, Only “Stand on and your said legs!” own position its shifted government and the better, getting not was situation the government said, the towhat However, differently very ofcapitalism. afeature as regarded was ideologically, engaging inbecause individual business tomake money even allowed small torun businesses not were They towait. was do could only thing people and the better, would get situation the that told people time, At government that the catastrophes. terrible experienced they government, the trusted people in this society.” even though trust In 1990s, the I can “I Koreans think, only am thing the myself many North Nowadays, changed. mindset the famine in 1990s, the extreme Korean underwent North After ancestry. have who ofminorities lucky lives the from selected really are see we images propaganda The survive. individual to in order tobe try uniform world, people way. in that a Korea opposite the is seems It North bribe culture. bribe the to abuse and began in factories, public working North fig. 41 fig. , even though it was illegal,, even was though it avoiding fig. 40 fig. . This . This pottery black market black pottery Korean North the of center the is China, and Korea North between area aborder area, Dandong fig. (Right) 41 markets for their survival. on dependent are Koreans North of amajority Currently ulations. reg- heavy face still merchants however, but existence, their on lenient more become has government the years, recent In economy. informal large a formed have they famine, Korean North the Since markets. black and markets local markets, farmers’ Korean North to refer to used usually aterm is grounds, market for Korean Jangmadang, 40 (Left) fig. many people died. many people during which poverty, Korean terrible was North for tothis point motivation thing starting the that is sad The conditions. bad the acuriosity,vidualism as despite indi pursue torebelliously Korea motivation the in North normal people gives background lawless This nowadays. and countryside cities the dominate entirely cannot trol government’s con the ofcontrol, than power the stronger However, is ofmoney power the independence. since its emphasizes that KoreaBasically, acountry is North having a three-dimensional character. having a three-dimensional as matter the image view Korean ofthe Peninsula. Let’s future in my about idealistic Idream what is This record. will historical this it help tomake era, unbiased amore ideology. the from for Also, humanism and departing of on concept the based human beings, just Koreans as all toconsider opportunity give the this them could else, Koreans For or anyone multiple aspects. from situation the to comprehend our perspective broaden can it stereotype, the have we that Koreas things and the underneath of both stereotypes ofthe co-existence establishing by Therefore, Korean ofthe issue. speak we when trivial,as and ignored conflict ideological the of originally stereotype are the by covered stereotypes” “inversed These issues. about misled be and can attitude can’t have neutral a definitely we stereotypes, by blinded However, in“nondigital society. the are we if big-data” so-called considered be notion.” can In away, stereotypes is a ofa definition “preconceived “stereotype” A dictionary - - 45 CHAPTER 4 46 IDEOLOGY CAN’T EXPLAIN EVERYTHING by others not tobeignored uniform inorder world want tobe People inthefree South to survive inorder individual people tryto be In auniformworld, North Visual description about both both about description Visual Koreas fig. 42 47 CHAPTER 4 48 IDEOLOGY CAN’T EXPLAIN EVERYTHING own freewill from system with Easier tosecede close distance. indistinctive ata but the distance Unconstrainded in South for own ideallife escape from system to Risky distance. ganized ataclose butdisor-distance inthe centripetal Uniformed and North Abstract visual description about about description visual Abstract both Koreas both fig. 43 fig. 49 CHAPTER 4 50 The propaganda house “Co-rea pavilion” “Co-rea house propaganda The 5 Chapter sculpture. aimthe pavilion ofthe and turning into aspurious it contrasting topic, sensitive a simply exploiting perficial, su may work be the perspective, my personal I retain hand, other if the On campaign. may into turn aclichéd and ofKorean issues images to highlight conspicuous tends it perspective, toward auniversal leans direction the if subject, sensitive the Considering for this project. important particularly is perspectives and personal sal univer between abalance methodology,the creating prior to elaborating aconsideration pavilion.of the As design on explaining practical the focuses chapter This Korea. anew for visions forward-thinking and ultimately, of creation the perspectives new ideas, ofnew exploration the aims topresent space, public way, in agood in a pavilion, the situated co-existence ofthis Using power the Koreas. both between existence name, this pavilionLike its highlights value the ofco- meaning, i.e., “together”. gains adifferent to “Co-rea” “Korea”Koreas, a“K” with begins .Changing “Korea” both spellingfor the of English names In official the constructed. has history that inter-Korean relationships against prejudice strong the image pavilion ofthe will replace peace-oriented This Korea world. tothe new and propagating of introducing pavilion. pavilion “Co-rea” This purpose named the has pavilion anew in context, anew tocreate I decided pavilion Co-rea House Propaganda The English 코오-리아 하우스 프로파간다 Korean 10 Apple SD Gothic Neo) Gothic SD Apple (South Korean font: CheonRiMa) KP Korean(North font: - - alphabetical hierarchy.alphabetical English the in them precede not would colonials lowly their that so peninsula the of occupation 1910-45 their of start the at Japanese the by a“K” to switched was “C” original the that belief aprevalent is There 10 fig. 44 Logo of “Co-rea pavilion” “Co-rea of Logo 51 52 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” placed on the border the on placed is It Panmunjom, of map Key 45 fig. ceasefire in World ceasefire War 1 space –“Panmunjomspace (Blue in JSA) house neutral toasmall, me led existent approach vague. This too be could my project otherwise, through experience; comprehend physically can audience that into something topic the totranslate Iwanted and abstract, broad too is “Inter-Korean topic the Since world. issue” outside the conveymedium to to design my to find proper the I tried Korean the Peninsula. outside people also only Koreans but not for of discussion a place form to ofduty asense has From beginning, the this project ofhuman history. zeitgeist the also is Taking ormore less. of Korea view, a broad zeitgeist the and people, countries other Peninsula; concerns also it limited Korean tothe not is inter-Korean the issue In fact, 5.1 Thinking the Blue outside box of rabbits in-between the Berlin the wall in-between of rabbits utopia tension: the extreme most the with only comes thing neutral most the that and Ifound means, neutral what tofigureout Itried beginning this project, When contexts surrounding it. it. surrounding contexts all also the but area certain only the not represents It poles. unite both can above, ‘neutrality’ mentioned As ofthis neutrality. result positive the is DMZ in resources Korea. Having various species and South “Neutrality” doesn’t mean ‘the center’ of two things. It is the center integrating of athird two things. –The Analects of Confucius fig. 47 fig. , and DMZ between North North between , and DMZ fig. 46 fig. , the Christmas Christmas , the fig. 45 fig. .” War 1 in 1914 1in War World in forces German and British the between matches football truce Day Christmas 47 fig. 2009> Berlin, ala 53 CHAPTER 5 54 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” neutrality very well very neutrality presents ofthis space character interesting the that seems changing. is It ofthis space character the short, In Korea have and South ameeting. North both from officials when character on a different take can it Also, versa. character, new and vice atemporary has space door. inside the should lock they this Then, to this space, Korea come South from travelers When Korean space. Korean border, the and half in South half is in it North so crosses literally Commission Armistice Military of the cover. can’t jurisdictions In room particular, meeting the administrative both that place Apparently, aneutral is it together. Korea share and South North that space ‘Panmunjom Area)’ only the is in JSA (Joint Security Korea. In particular, and South North between place aneutral is It important. very is DMZ In this context, People enter from North from enter People fig. 48 fig. . People enter from South from enter People rity Area) rity Secu- JSA(Joint in Panmunjom 48 fig. People enter from both sides both from enter People the field of discourses in the Korean issue. the in issue. Korean ofdiscourses field the and sprout toNetherland come Korean designer South a and sprout, places to other disperse dandelion seed ofKorea. Like outside from light on Inter-Korean issue new shedding will make It chance the extended. la-like gueril will be dot small one neutral The context. the of out Korean the issue about speculate make people into order context into a freewheeling atmosphere ofthis zone serious out this neutral totake Iwant So zone” “Neutral role the spot. on that allow Panmunjom doesn’t has it play atmosphere ous Korean border. and South seri The North as limitation geopolitical an intricate underneath concealed what some is space neutral Unfortunately, this interesting and ‘red’ (North)and ‘red’ ‘green’ (South) between color compromised the was ‘blue’ in 2000, together march in Olympic the participate to flag Korea had tomake unification the and North (it Nations). United ofthe color South the is When ofpeace color the as recognized internationally is ‘blue’ Basically, interesting. also is in ‘blue’ color this space The fig. 49 fig. . - - - Koreas both by proposal composition Unification Korean Flagcolor 49 fig. 55 CHAPTER 5 56 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” serious atmosphere around Illustration of Panmunjom without 50 fig. on audience which is changable depending the of characteristic Panmunjom, visualize Illustrations munjom. of illustrations Pan Conceptual 51 fig. - Neutral South North 57 CHAPTER 5 58 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” fig. 52 fig. tunnels pavilion the infiltration employs also concept, tothis Korea. In basic addition and North South both of visualize character the todramatically responsibility Panmunjom of‘new-made’ the has thisthus, sort original ofthe Panmunjom; maintain this key property to Itry Korea in area. one and North South expresses dramatically that character, aspace and is neutral above, explained a Panmunjom has As essentially ofPanmunjom. concept pavilion basic the The follows and harmony. co-existence future, the of symbols into war and conflict ofpast, symbols the pavilion the definition, this new transforms to express In order ofco-existence. aform Korea as between ships relation the inter pavilion aims to re-define Co-rea The compatibility in the contemporary world. in contemporary the compatibility creates and both of Koreas, stereotypes firmly-fixed to break an effort as serves Korean societies, of both value are-interpretation within myconveys aesthetic of view. point It my personal for presenting a means language provides visual symbols, historical borrowing and i.e., introducing approach, on universal the Based interpretation. my personal with approach universal toharmonize Itried the to visualization, comes it When perspectives. their change and people’s attention attract can that of extension energy be made into can we havecreated energy conflicting way?a productive of amounts large the Ibelieve that world in toward outside the energy of this confronting axis the energy? positive into rotate potential we Can energy negative this long-time convert not we can ofenergy, Similar conservation ofthe principle tothe conflict. to maintainthis unnecessary energy significant have Koreas Both hostility. expended of deep-rooted reminding provoke them people, constantly of division, haveremained the in history symbols These conflict. 5.2 The strategy of the pavilion strategy The 5.2 and a propaganda loudspeaker and a propaganda loudspeaker fig. 53 fig. as symbols of symbols as - considering circumstances. considering recommenced the loudspeaker speaker. In 2015,South Korea loud- propaganda played had Koreas both 2004, to 1962 From 53 fig. Korea North by dug been had that DMZ the crossing nels tun- four discovered has Korea South 1974, 15 November Since 52 fig. helpful to have a neutral eye tohave toward Korean the issue. helpful aneutral I’m is it sure stereotypes. the and break angles different from the finallysee Koreas and are to able North, the is and which South the is side which sure not is audience way inKoreas adifferent ofboth coexistence visualize dramatic the can this space overlook, often we ofpersonality types other also but in ideology-based recognize usually we which personality only the Showing not counter-stereotypes. shows also Panmunjom this new sides, both between contrast the ofonly showing Instead characters. two-dimensional as Koreas both at only look people that discontent express way. tomy is I’m It this in twisted a slightly taking SOUTH fig. 54 fig. . It is calculated that the the that calculated is . It NORTH between South and North found be can Intersection characters as typeface Koreas’ both of Infographic 54 fig. Intersection Counter-Stereotype Stereotype 59 CHAPTER 5 60 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” conflict war and past, of symbols The fig. 55 fig. fig. 57 fig. confrontation tensioned of asymbol is Using loudspeakers between South and North 56 fig. symbol of war of symbol a are far. Tunnels so area South in discovered Korean infiltrationFour tunnels North have been 58 fig. Koreas both in spot tensional most the ironically but area neutral of asymbol is Panmunjom 61 CHAPTER 5 62 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” confliction the symbolsof space outof co-existence Conceptual fig. 59 fig. 63 CHAPTER 5 64 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” to pay immediate attention to the Korean tothe issue. attention immediate to pay can serve as a“Trojan as serve can horse Korea. It concerning space propaganda apositive is it words, In world. other external “the Korean tothe issue” introduces that media the is pavilion The itself spaces. public in random located temporally but stationary, be pavilion will not ofKorea. Co-rea limited border tothe not is location the also open, rather ofspace use the Hence, countries. two between boundary the tocollapse world’s the attention attract effectively this and communication let communication, for aplatform toprovide is adesigner as do Ican What and gathering. for public discourse and a space space cultural Korea, acooperative new the about informs that laboratory acommunity as serve can It and event. location on depending ofspace, use the pavilion alters Co-rea fig. 60 fig. ,” encouraging people ,” people encouraging or place. place. or bastion protected asecurely into afoe invite to atarget causes that stratagem or trick any mean to come has Horse” a “Trojan Metaphorically 65 CHAPTER 5 66 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” different sizes. different in assembled be can structure basic the and event, location the on Depending utilizes flexible installation. and structure basic pavilion aprefabricated The has 5.3 Designing5.3 the space of the Co-rea pavilion Co-rea the of structure basic prefabricated The 61 fig. 67 CHAPTER 5 68 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” different forms and sizes different in assembled be can structure basic the event, Depending on location and 62 fig. 69 CHAPTER 5 70 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” in the city the in Urban pavilion meaningless mentally. and blurred will become division the doing so, By sides. over toboth pass other. freely can each from Audiences different vastly as portrayed usually are which Koreas, both between tofindsimilarities Itried versa. vice and North, similar inside-out tothe somehow are but North, ofthe those to different are inand inside South the outside Apparently, from views the meaningful message. a and deliver unfamiliar aesthetic indoors),and life make could an it (ideology elements different of two co-existence the bringing about By ideology. underneath character introverted the describes ideology, inside from view and the of outgoing character the describes outside from view The North. and the South the representing parts, two into pavilion divided The visually is 71 CHAPTER 5 72 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” on the public park public on the pavilion Concert 73 CHAPTER 5 74 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” on the canal on the pavilionBridge 75 CHAPTER 5 76 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” showing a dazzling atmosphere through the use oflight. through use the atmosphere adazzling showing also ofbuttons, arrangement and the ular composition individualism through irreg shows exterior South The respected. individual ofthe largely is Korea, freedom the to North compared culture, order,Confucian oldthe by influenced social aconservative Koreahas still South Although and rights. freedom togive people Korea tries , South indicators on economic based country an advanced As side. of South outside from Korea forming in view the South existing Communal (North) –Ivisualize image the ofindividuality (South) –Individual Following convention frame the vs. ofelements. acollage not ofelements, composition like tolook an organic space the for intended is It needs. program inside the function the satisfying fully while sides, ofboth identities and expresses contains pavilion ofthe component each or sensor. Simply stated, light, i.e.,using amicrophone when demands, occasion ofthe functional be can dots These countries. of both identities the Korea include and North South for dots designed ideology. ofeach Differently characteristics the present dots surface, glass the using Created Presentism Wealthy, Technology, Asymmetric, Dazzling, Capitalism, Individualism, Visual Keywords South of ideology of outgoing character :The 5.3.1 outside from view The fig. 63 fig. : - 11 Zaha Hadid by designed Korea South Seoul, developmenturban in landmark amajor became It Seoul, of anDongdaemun, historic district of centre the at hub acultural as designed been had Plaza) Design Dongdaemun DDP(The The 63 fig. domestic product (GDP). gross capita per of list the in 11th ranked Korea South 2015, Bank World The to According 11 form composition and arrangement ofbuttons. and arrangement composition form through auni collectivism shows exterior North The regime. ofthe maintenance solidarity.”national ofthe main the is force This driving greatest offollowing up banner “The the putting been has It appearance. aunited topresent Korea tries North countries, remaining communist few ofthe one As side. of North outside from view the Korea toform in North existing Communal (North) –Ivisualize image the ofuniformity (South) –Individual Following convention frame the vs. Visual Keywords conservatism Systematic, Independence, Sublimity, Centripetal, Uniformity, Magnificent, Collectivism,Communism, North fig. 64-65 fig. : - “Kimjongilia”. and “Kimilsungia” are flower red and pink important these of names The garden. flower orgarnized well Jong-il, Kim and Il-sung Kim picture background the with zone Photo (Right) 65 fig. off show to built was complex residential decorated stunningly This town, Show Korean North 64 (Left) fig. 77 CHAPTER 5 78 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” This is an inversed stereotype. an is inversed This and irregularity. individuality Korea expresses North and regularity, while uniformity Korea expresses South outside. the from character counter- pavilion the the inside shows from view The addiction, and so on. and so addiction, surgery plastic culture, consumption conspicuous the as such for uniformity preference an extreme Korea shows South However, countries, Asian toother even compared groupism. Asians’ from derives it say people Some to education. fashion from everywhere, complexly seen However, share. Korean’ssocieties South is uniformity consumer capitalism that aphenomenon is Uniformity side. South of inside from view the Korea toform in South existing Communal (North)vs. –Ivisualize image the ofuniformity (South) –Individual convention frame the from Breaking South beneath ideolog beneath character :introverted inside from view The 5.3.2 deeply on problems on problems deeply or speculate haveKoreans always time no tohesitate South rush, ofmodernization history short Undergoing culture. “hurry-hurry” the from comes thinking process This in prevalent is society. simple algorithm circuit This – Finding –Execution.” Solution ofProblem “Discovery Korea an is algorithmic waySouth ofthinking. inIn my uniform culture the for opinion, reason the simplified, like a mathematical formula. simplified, like a mathematical too is problems complicated for thinkingthe process that seems It relieved. feel they solution, plausible a for search aquick After an anya solution problem. should be tothink there Koreans tend that South that likelikeable is this point impression silly example. The amore toobtain willingKorea are surgery tohave plastic in South ofjob seekers Lots job interview. another for self-confidence her and boost surgery to have plastic So, decides she applicant. successful tothe compared enough, good not was appearance her that concluded failure the and She analyzed infailed job the interview. ajob in company. big get job, the for She applies but to tries graduate example,For university afemale in most of cities in South Korea South in cities of most in found be can signboards featureless of full with filled buildings Many 66 fig. Predictable, Algorithm Uniformed, Indistinctive, Inhumane, Regular, Visual Keywords : fig. 66-67 fig. . inside subway station panelsBig are advertising plastic surgery encouraging competitively 67 fig. 79 CHAPTER 5 80 THE PROPAGANDA HOUSE “CO-REA PAVILION” pitiful but humane lawless society society humane lawless but pitiful Korea’sNorth of reflection agood presents custom valuable but this old-fashioned that seems It design. value avernacular as an individual aesthetic presents it old custom, apitiful as discounted often is sewing glass valuable. quite is Even glass though because cracked, has awindow when windows away is ofprotecting It life. in everyday unique Koreans’ customs North poor is sewing Glass traditions. and local materials, local needs, on local an example. Vernacular based is design Korean’s “GlassNorth design vernacular sewing” is in system. acommunal prove individualism exists that facts law.and the These system the against togo willingKoreans are risks totake North life. in everyday and behaviors illegal actions many are Korean life, there ofNorth Speaking culture. the drug and ceramics, traditional in traffic the vendors, illegal as small street such poverty, tocombat behaviors individual is structure North ofthe motivation visual The side. ofNorth inside from view the Korea to form in North existing individuality (South) Communal (North) vs. –Ivisualize image the of –Individual convention frame the from Breaking plastic vinyl instead of window. of instead vinyl plastic thin with window the wrap people Korea, North in area poverty In fig. 68 fig. Unpredictable, Vernacular Individual, Poverty, Fragile, Humane, Irregular, Visual Keywords : North 12 fig. 68-69 fig. more cracking. from window protect and firm glass make sides both from buttons sewed Apparently sewing”. “Glass design vernacular Korean’s North teaching is (pseudonym) Hwa-sun Ryu defector Korean North 69 fig. . Matt Grocoff) Design?”, Vernacular is “What from (Extracted environment. local the of patterns the within live to time over evolve designs vernacular nature, in flowers Like character. its aplace gives what It’s traditions. local and terials, ma- local needs, local on based design the is design Vernacular 12 can amplify the inside sound externally. sound inside the amplify can figuratively, also but only functionally loudspeakers not In this way, outward. atmosphere a peaceful extending and Korean the within issue, and North South of the frameworks negative strong the meaningthe ofbreaking perform speakers the and West, East and facing roof the Figuratively, on space. public the within assembled itself pavilion ofthe space the way topropagate anis effective It outward. sound internal amplify also occasionally can together. paviliontime opening ofthe people It and call signal that a make sounds can It on event. the depending many roles, perform Functionally, can loudspeakers game. awin-win for energy positive collision into away from energy this negative transform to I want ofconflicts. ofsymbol asort presents This warfare. psychological way ofconducting an effective no longer is over loudspeakers statements inflammatory and religious broadcasting, playing music, that seems It North. the from attacks receiving after loudspeakers using stopped finally South The along interval. after North facing loudspeakers deploying Korea starting and South sensitive, deeply became Korean relationship In 2015, sides. both by inter- the 1962 to2004 from used Korea, have been and North ofSouth on border the Historically, game. loudspeakers, azero-sum up being ends It often spying. and broadcasts, flyers, propaganda as such division, the since games propaganda aggressive many have Korea, there been and North South Between 5.3.3 The amplifying roof amplifying The 5.3.3 81 CHAPTER 5 82 prepare. and toperceive people world toenable in order future into our ‘daily life’, coming ofthe aview tocreate is which contexts complex with tangled situation untouchable To and aims isolated to bring the up, sum this project ofunification. effects after- negative the for should prepare we Also, on board. or inevitably, timing the won’t we miss to get accidently come, the gigantic when waves then, and unification, accept to attitude change of a but unification’ ‘peaceful as such a slogan not is for should we wait what Maybe or values. judgment gigantic by an by individual’s waves and not changed is relationship the that seems It in future. the same willit be now and same also is it individual by efforts; unaffected inter-Korean was the 70 relationship years, last the Over Korea same. the is North towards attitude our or happenings, believe it not endless ofthese In spite Korea… North unproven against missile technically the up toset rushing government, for toadvocate protesters as Korea defectors North using 10 of peace, years after any reason again without enemies implacable coming proof, any convincing be without accidents unclear for Korea blaming unconditionally North victory, an election celebrate to gunfireSouth towardKorea Korea todirect Korean spy, aNorth as North drunken husband asking her by killed was who wife Manipulating innocent the Unification”. “Our slogan the is Hope scream have to merely is done all atime and naïve ofdivision, weak individuals at we as Korea. In fact, in South experience years’ of30 emotions frustrating the from comes this for project basis The Conclusion - the hell about? they are talking our properties. Those are They resources Korea North and the has potential value of the land. What about unification.talking Theyalways about the talk natural about Ifeel is South“What Koreans’ really angry attitudes when prepared. be can ultimately Unification coexistence. of peaceful beauty the about people enlighten to and confliction, general the about furthermore Korean the issue, about exchange will ofideas promote this project I hope world. abetter about canbring unification identities, harmonizing different for a consideration with accompanied Korea. When or Germany North East as such side, in isolated more 2003 2003 unification movieshown the in Lenin!’(as ‘Goodbye in after for past have nostalgia and inevitably confusion identity from suffered People Reunification. German from examples problematic We knew ruined. already be will enough to happen, fortunate isit if unification, future any attitude, and approach this superficial with continue ‘1+1=2’. equation the not it’s Also, countries. two we If between business commercial a not is Unification Koreans. forhell North from redemption the is fication tothink uni- tend Koreans, that includingPeople, South ignore Koreans. North How about South Koreans dare this?” talk fig. 70 fig. -Extracted interview clip Korea with aNorth defector ). These kinds of problems are likely to emerge likely are to emerge of problems kinds ). These after reunification. German changes the describes It 2003>. Lenin!, 83 84 Bibliography differently. Nulminbooks. flowing is Amnokgang (2016). Kang. Ju-won (2016). 흐른다. 다르게 압록강은 눌민. 강주원. area. Nea-il-el-yeo-nun-chek. Industrial ofGaesung People (2015). Kim. Jin-hyang . 김진향. 내일을여는책 사람들. (2015). 개성공단 Dol-be-gae. Jong-il. Kim and Moo-hyun ofRoh minutes 246 (2013). Si-min. Rhyu 유시민. (2013). 노무현 김정일의 돌베개. 246분. Appendix Books http://db.kdemocracy.or.kr/photo-archives/main from Retrieved archives. Open Appendix. for Images %EB%A7%8C/ %EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5%EC%9D%84- EB%B0%80%EC%88%98- %EA%B3%A8%EB%8F%99%ED%92%88-% %EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%98- %EC%96%B4%EB%96%BB%EA%B2%8C- %ED%96%89%EA%B5%B0%EC%9D%80- 82%9C%EC%9D%98- https://kr.nknews.org/%EA%B3%A0%EB% market black pottery Korean North g-s-North-Korea.html Russian-spy-s-extraordinary-view-inside-Kim-Jon clothes-river-schoolchildren-forced-work-builders- Sinister-watchtowers-dirt-poor-comrades-washing- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3652143/ from retrieved town Show Korean North benatv.com/. Glass sewing tutorial. Benatv. Http://www. References Internet North Korea in various aspects. North using and sometimes manipulating Korea treating, facing, South been has -2016’.during ‘50s It is telling how KoreanSouth eye events big on based Korea toward fromperspective North is showing two book image The FAMILY> retrieved from retrieved - - - studies> Vol.1 No.2 page 199-230. Vol.1 page studies> No.2 unification and peace of 85 ENEMY BUT FAMILY 2008 - 2013 Lee Myung-bak 1993 - 1998 the 10th President Practical Government Kim Young-sam the 7th President Civilian Government 1980 - 1988 Hard-line Chun Doo-hwan the 5th President Engagement Hard- policy the Fifth republic / 8 years dictator line 2003 - 2008 Roh Moo-hyun the 9th President Anti-Communist Participatory Government 1963 - 1979 1988 - 1993 Park Chung-hee the 3rd President Roh Tae-woo the 6th President The continuons of 2013 - 2017 Three-term presidency / 18 years dictator the Sixth republic 1948 - 1960 Sunshine policy 1998 - 2003 Park Geun- the 1st President Rhee Syunman Anti-Communist hye Three-term presidency / Pro-America Engagement policy Kim Dae-jung the 8th President the 11th President 1979 - 1980 Nordpolitik The national Government 1960 - 1962 Rooting up communists Choi Kyu-hah the 4th President Anti-Communist Yun Posun the 2nd President Short-term presidency Hard-line Short-term presidency Sunshine policy 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1985 1948 The first 2000 reunion of The South Korean 1962 1991 The first separated government was 1972 7.7 Declaration, Inter-Korean 2007 1945 established families Unification Policy The Octover 1979.12.12 summit The second Military coup by by Roh Tae-woo Revitalizing Inter-Korean Park Chung-hee Reforms by Park summit Independant Chung-hee for Military coup by from Japanese dictatorship Chun Doo-hwan Nobel Peace Prize colonization winner, Kim Dae-jung 1979 Park Chung-hee was assassinated on 26 October History of the South Korean government It illustrates the history of the South Korean government, government’s inclination and notable information Korea” in this book. book. Korea” this in “South Korea” and “North Inamed convenience, For (ROK)”. ofKorea “Republic and (DPRK)” ofKorea Republic People’s are “Democratic Korea both of name Official book. this by manipulated awake! be Be Don’t information. to censor not Itried Therefore Korea. North face Korea South how represent information every not, or true whether my opinion, In information. controversial or false true, some are There archive. Newspaper Korean and Internet on based stories and images I scraped aspects. various in Korea North manipulating sometimes and using treating, facing, been has Korea South how - 2016’. telling is It ‘50s during events big on eye based Korean South from Korea North toward apeaceful showing is perspective book image This Enemy Family but The agreement was focused on mutual respect between on Reconciliation, Nonaggression, and Exchanges and the two nations, the renunciation of aggression, armed guarantee of free exchange of people between the two including the High-Level first Talks heldSeoul. in In Between September and 1990 October the 1992, two Inter-Korean Basic Agreement, 1991 Basic Agreement, Inter-Korean Koreas engaged in atotal of eight bilateral meetings, December 1991, the two sides signed the Agreement basic attitude toward exchange and cooperation in many sectors, and the Cooperation between the South and the North. South Korea’sSouth North Korea North countries. countries. 91 CHAPTER 1 1948 -1960 Rhee Syunman Anti-Communist Kim Il Sung’s 8.15 address, 1960 In this address, Kim Il Sung proposed “South and North Confederal System”, which is While maintaining the current political system and respecting inde- pendent activity of North and South Korea, Organize the Supreme Ethnic Committee composed of representatives of both governments in a way that coor- dinates the economic and cultural devel- opment of the South and North Korea. meet at the Panmunjom!” the at meet Let’s student, South and South”, to “North Come North! land”, our on “Go to back and go can’t we “Why banners holding streets the through marching are Demonstrators group, 1961 Movement Unification Democratic university’s national Seoul by protest Silent 1963 -1979 Anti-Communist Park Chung-hee 95 CHAPTER 1 the Korea divided. divided. Korea the after reunion family separated first apparently was It minutes. 10 for reuniting are father her and she Olympic, Tokyo 1964 in medal gold game field and atrack won Geum-dan Shin After 1964 reunion, daughter and father Shin Geum-dan’s 97 CHAPTER 1 98 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH ments from South Korea, 1970 Korea, South from ments wire-entangle- beyond upballoons sending are People 99 CHAPTER 1 100 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH conversation a having are reporters Korean North and South in Panmunjom,1971 talk Cross Red Inter-Korean preliminary the Waiting for to the 1st South Korean Red Cross group Cross Red Korean South 1st the to families seperated their finding for appealing Letters 1972 refugees, Korean North from Letters South Korean guides welcoming the The 2nd North Korean Red 2nd North Korean Red Cross group Cross member taking picture in Seoul, 1972 of Seoul, 1972 104 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH North Korean athlete Kim Hyang-mi in Bronze medal Bronze in Hyang-mi Kim athlete Korean North to hand her extending is she Game, Asian Bangkok 1978 in medal gold aarchery won Jin-ho Kim After 1978 rostrum, medal in Bangkok shake Hand 105 CHAPTER 1 1980 -1988 Chun Doo-hwan Anti-Communist Reconciliation and Democratic Unification Welcoming Seoul event, 1979 plan, 1982 A defector, Kang Hyung-soon second lieutenant, is participating in welcoming Seoul event Chun Doo-hwan, the fifth President of South Korea, presented 109 CHAPTER 1 110 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH ence, 1985 ence, confer Cross Red South North- The North Korea North from flood for plies sup emergency received after port at in put who crews to snacks giving are return, in Cross, Red Korea’s South crews, 1984 crews, Korean North to snacks Giving - - 1985 Groups, Art of Exchanges Inter-Korean Groups, 1985 Groups, Art of changes ter-Korean Ex In- of Dinner - 111 CHAPTER 1 112 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH A column filled with posters looking for separated families separated for looking posters with filled A column The first reunion of separated families, families, 1985 separated of reunion first The 113 CHAPTER 1 Welcoming North Korea defector family, 1987 A public forum for the reunification, 1988 Welcoming Kim Man-chul’s family who finally arrived at South Korea after 25 days long escape from North Korea 1988 -1993 Roh Tae-woo Engagement Policy 7.7 Declaration, Unification policy for global korean community, 1989 Roh Tae-woo, the sixth President of South Korea, addressed the special declaration, which became a starting point of Northern Policy. On July 7, 1988, he launched an aggressive foreign policy in- itiative called the Northern Diplomacy, or Nordpolitik, which brought about benefits and rewards to his government. In 1989, Seoul established diplomatic relations with Hungary and Poland, followed by diplomatic ties with Yugoslavia, Romania, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, and Mongolia in 1990. Flower of Unification Lim Su-kyung, 1989 South Korean eminent people Illegally visited into North Korea including a pastor Moon Ik-hwan, the leader of the National Council of Student Representatives Lim Su-kyung. Lim is walking through the Pan- munjom into South Korea after 45 days stay in North Korea. Lim was given the nickname Flower of Unification by the North Korean government after she visited Pyongyang. New year’s address in Korea South and North between opening overall and traffic free of necessity emphasized Korea, North of president the Sung, Il Kim 1990 year’s address, Sung’s Il Kim New World Table Tennis Com- petition in Japan, 1991 in Japan, petition A unified Korean team team Korean A unified Unification Flagat the first used the Korean the Korean used first ball Competition in Competition ball World Youth Foot- competed at the the at competed A unified team team A unified Portugal, 1991 Portugal, 119 CHAPTER 1 Inter-Korean Basic Agreement conclusion, 1991 The agreement was focused on mutual respect between the two nations, the renunciation of armed aggression, exchange and cooperation in many sectors, North Korea and South Korea were si- and the guarantee of free exchange of people between the two countries. multaneously admitted to the United Nations (UN), 1991 It was the meaningful action appreciating both Korea’s statehood in the international society. 1993 -1998 Kim Young-sam Engagement Policy Hard-line Repatriate long-term prisoner, Lee In-mo, from Kim Il Sung passesd away of heart failure, 1994 South Korea to North Korea, 1993 Kim Young-sam, the seventh president of South South Korea sent rice aid to North Korea, 1995 Korea, accepted proposal of The inter-Korean summit from Kim Il Sung, 1994 1998 Korea, North towards Policy aSunshine announced and elected was Dae-jung Kim President Korean South ment and Hyundai and ment govern Korean North the between venture ajoint as developed was Korea North in Region Tourist Kumgang Mount The 1998 Tour, Kumgang Mount Initiating The - 1988 -2003 Kim Dae-jung Sunshine Policy 125 126 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH 4 month later, he led 501 cows to North Korea again. Korea North to cows 501 led he later, 4 month Panmunjom. of village truce the at zone demilitarized the crossing Korea, North to cows 500 holding trucks 50 led company, Hyundai of Founder Yung, Ju Chung 1998 North, to 1001 cows Leading 127 CHAPTER 1 128 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH South Korean the Little Angels choir visited in pyongyang, 1998 in pyongyang, visited choir Angels Little the Korean South 129 CHAPTER 1 130 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH Kim Dae-jung and Kim Jong-il, 2000 Jong-il, Kim and Dae-jung Kim between Summit, Inter-Korean first The 8.15 The reunion of separated families, 2000 families, 8.15 separated of reunion The 132 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH together at the Sydney Olympics, 2000 the at Sydneytogether Olympics, marching are teams Korean South and North The 134 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH holding the first inter-Korean summit inter-Korean first the holding of reason by Prize Peace Nobel the won Dae-jung Kim president Korean South winner, Prize 2000 Peace Nobel each other, 2000 each dogs traditional presented Jong-il Kim and Dae-jung Kim 136 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH representations of North Koreans. sympathetic gave 2000, in Area Security Joint and 1999 in Shiri films, The art. in reflected were developments political the period, this During 2000 Park, Chan-wook Area>, The Movie 137 CHAPTER 1 2003 - 2008 Roh Moo-hyun The continouns of Sunshine Policy Operating two cross-border Permission of The The Kaesong Industrial Region opened, 2003 railways,Gyeongui Line and Mount Kumkang The Kaesong Industrial Region was established to allow Donghae Line, 2002 Tour by land, 2003 South Korean businesses to invest in the North. In 2005, the Kaesong Industrial Region was vitalized. North and South Korea have agreed to operate a test-run of two cross-bor- der railways for the first time since the peninsula was separated into more than half a century ago. 2008 - 2013 Lee Myung-bak Hard-line Peaceful relation between North and South Korea based on the continuance of the Sunshine Policy, President Lee Myung-bak’s policy toward North 2003 - 2008 Korea ‘Vision 3000 through Denuclearization and Basically, President Roh Openness’, 2009 Moo-hyun tried to contin- ue of the Sunshine Policy, It can be summarized as “If North Korea gets rid of nuclear weap- what former president Kim ons and pursues market economy reform, South Korea would Dae-joong did, of engage- provide enough economic aid for the North to achieve 3000 USD ment towards North Ko- per capita in 10 years.” This is a conditional sentence. rea. The relation between Unfortunately, His direct and tough policy towards North Korea two Korea was the best of promoted a negative image of him throughout North Korea. Lee’s times. name became a target practice in the North Korean military as The second South-North shown through the Korean Central Television on 6 March 2012. summit was held in Pyongyang. President Roh walked across the Korean Demilitarized Zone and travelled on to Pyongyang for talks with Kim Jong-il in 2007. President Roh and Kim Jong-il signed the peace declaration. The docu- ment called for interna- tional talks to replace the Armistice which ended the Korean War with a perma- nent peace treaty. 2013 - Hard-line Park Geun-hye The reunion of separated families, 2014 families, separated of reunion The Trust-building Process. Peninsula Korean the through built be would dreams their realize and freedom and prosperity enjoy to able be will people Korean all which in unification of era ahappy for foundation the that declared and development, mutual and peace of path the on walk and arms nuclear its up give would Korea North that hope her expressed particularly She 2014 Year’s in New address, jackpot” is “Unification addressed Geun-hye Park President Selfie in Rio olympic, 2016 North Korean gymnast Hong Eun-jung and South Korean gymnast Lee Eun-ju are taking selfie together in Rio Olympic 143 CHAPTER 1 144 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH 145 CHAPTER 1 FAMILY BUT ENEMY 2008 - 2013 Lee Myung-bak 1993 - 1998 the 10th President Practical Government Kim Young-sam the 7th President Civilian Government 1980 - 1988 Hard-line Chun Doo-hwan the 5th President Engagement Hard- policy the Fifth republic / 8 years dictator line 2003 - 2008 Roh Moo-hyun the 9th President Anti-Communist Participatory Government 1963 - 1979 1988 - 1993 Park Chung-hee the 3rd President Roh Tae-woo the 6th President The continuons of 2013 - 2017 Three-term presidency / 18 years dictator the Sixth republic 1948 - 1960 Sunshine policy 1998 - 2003 Park Geun- the 1st President Rhee Syunman Anti-Communist hye Three-term presidency / Pro-America Engagement policy Kim Dae-jung the 8th President the 11th President 1979 - 1980 Nordpolitik The national Government 1960 - 1962 Rooting up communists Choi Kyu-hah the 4th President Anti-Communist Yun Posun the 2nd President Short-term presidency Hard-line Short-term presidency Sunshine policy 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1985 1948 The first 2000 reunion of The South Korean 1962 1991 The first separated government was 1972 7.7 Declaration, Inter-Korean 2007 1945 established families Unification Policy The Octover 1979.12.12 summit The second Military coup by by Roh Tae-woo Revitalizing Inter-Korean Park Chung-hee Reforms by Park summit Independant Chung-hee for Military coup by from Japanese dictatorship Chun Doo-hwan Nobel Peace Prize colonization winner, Kim Dae-jung 1979 Park Chung-hee was assassinated on 26 October History of the South Korean government It illustrates the history of the South Korean government, government’s inclination and notable information “South Korea” in this book. book. Korea” this in “South Korea” and “North Inamed convenience, (ROK)”. For ofKorea “Republic and (DPRK)” ofKorea Republic People’s are “Democratic Korea both of name Official book. this by manipulated awake! be Be Don’t information. to censor not Itried Therefore Korea. North face Korea South how represent information every not, or true whether my opinion, In information. controversial or false true, some are There archive. Newspaper Korean and Internet on based stories and images I scraped aspects. various in Korea North manipulating sometimes and using treating, facing, been has Korea South how - 2016’. telling is It ‘50s during events big on eye based Korean South from Korea North toward ahostileperspective showing is book image This Family butEnemy ternational peace and shall renounce aggressive all wars. The territory of the Republic of Korea shall consist of the (1) The Republic of Korea shall endeavor to maintain in- mission of national security and the defense of the land (2) The Forces Armed shall be charged with the sacred formulate out and a policy carry of peaceful unification The Republic of Korea shall seek unificationand shall basic attitude toward based on the principles of freedom and democracy. and their political neutrality shall be maintained. Constitution of the Republic of of Republic the Constitution Korean peninsula and its and adjacent peninsula Korean islands. South Korea’sSouth North Korea North Korea Amendment Korea Article 5 Article 4 Article 3 Article 151 CHAPTER 1 1948 -1960 Anti-Communist Rhee Syunman South” in invased Korean North that fact the forget “Don’t implying is mind”, in war which Korean the “Keep saying banner holding were students picture, Above munism. anticom- the to sticks consistently he resigned, he War. Until Korean the through Korea South led he and astrongman, and anti-Communist an as regarded was Syunman Rhee president, first The 1948 policy, upcommunists Syunman’s Rooting Rhee through China, Hongkong or Japan from North Korea. North from Japan or Hongkong China, through smuggled were unification peaceful with dealing books Rebellious 1958 Korea, North from books Rebellious including rebellious flyer, books, manifolder wereseized. evidences Many in Kwang-ju. unification peaceful for wishing flyer rebellious out spread who 5people arrested army The 1956 sedition, of charge the on arrested 5 people 153 CHAPTER 1 154 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH order to stabilize chaos after the Korean war. Korean the after chaos stabilize to order in stance pro-American maintained hands,he other the on anticommunism, the to sticked He Peninsula. Korean the on War tensions Cold by affected strongly was 1960) April to 1948 (August Korea South of presidency three-term Rhee’s 1957 Syunman, Rhee Taegeuk by Merit Military of Order the awarded UNwas the of commander The Korean armed agents’s vessel, 1958 vessel, agents’s armed Korean aNorth captured from seized Evidences 155 CHAPTER 1 156 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH who brought orphans and students. and orphans brought who 5teachers school middle Sun-chun was leader The waves. and wind the against struggling after boat fishing anese Jap- by rescued were they Korea, North the to way the On altogether. people 27 with fishing for anchored was that cruise Pori hijacked they out, work didn’t it Since Korea. North to go to cruise the hijack to tried guys 5young Do, Huk-san of sea near in entered cruise When passengers. 140 taking Island Jeju to heading were cruise Kyung-ju The 1960 Korea, North to cruise Hijacking Montage of North Korean agent, 1960 agent, Korean North of Montage and the Anti-communism law. and the Anti-communism war, civil of conspiracy and preparation Act, Security National Acts, Presidential Emergency the of violations accused the to regards in guilty not defendants the found Seoul Central of Court District the 2007 23, January on and accepted was case this to appeal the 27, 2005, December On Incident). Second (the 1975 in Law Security National and Incident) First (the 1965 in Law munism Anti-com- the to according inclinations ist social- of individuals accused government Korean South the which in cases legal were Incidents Party Revolutionary People’s The 1975 1965, Incidents, Party Revolutionary People’s The 1963 -1979 Anti-Communist Park Chung-hee in North Korea, 1969 Korea, in North kidnapping after Korea South to fishermen returningAnother in North Korea, 1968 Korea, in North 118 kidnapping days after Korea South to fishermen Returning 159 CHAPTER 1 North Korean defector Propaganda balloon and Park Soon-kuk flew into newspapers from North South Korea, 1970 Korea, 1974 Air force men are scanning North Korean Balloon containing MIG-15 jet that Park Soon-kuk propaganda flyers and newspapers piloted rebellious text written on were found in Hwa-Ju, South Korea students are burning Kim Il Sung scarecrow. Sung Il Kim burning are students school high and school middle Yong-san rally, 1975Anti-Communism Scuffles broke out between US officer and officer US between out broke Scuffles North Korean guards in 1975 Panmunjom, guards Korean North 163 CHAPTER 1 Panmunjom axe murder incident, 1976 Later, the U.S. Army is pointing The U.S. Army officers had been part of a work party cutting down a poplar tree the poplar tree that in the JSA that partially blocked the view of United Nations (U.N.) observers, was trigger of axe when they were assaulted by the North Koreans and killed. incident. There was no boundary in JSA area 1953-1976, and it was allowed for guards to pass from one side to other. After this incident, boundary in between was placed. 1.95 m maximum high and 2.1 and mwide. high mmaximum 1.95 of long, metres 1,635 is tunnel incomplete The tunnel. and dig an intercept precisely tunnel the locate to months four took It (DMZ). Zone Demilitarized Korean the of side south the under metres 435 progressed had who tunnellers the by caused apparently 1978, June in explosion underground an of detection the following 1978 October in discovered was tunnel incomplete the Seoul, from km 44 Only Tunnel, 1978 Korea’s 3rd North the of entrance guarding are polices Two military South Korea gave, and crossing the Military Demarcation Line. Line. Demarcation Military the crossing and gave, Korea South presents and clothes away throwing are they picture, the In Korea. North to them returned government Department, State U.S. from request to According Sok-cho. in navy Korea South by arrested were agents armed Korean 8North reported was It 1978 fishermans, Korean North Returning 167 CHAPTER 1 168 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH Korean spies> was released in 1979. in released was spies> Korean North catching 169 CHAPTER 1 1980 -1988 Chun Doo-hwan Anti-Communist Kidnapping high school teacher Ko Exhibiting corpses and belongings, 1980 Sang-moon to North Korea, 1979 South Korea journalists were watching North Ko Sang-moon, a Su-do girls high school Korean armed agent’s corpses and belongings teacher, was kidnaped in Oslo, Norway during overseas study. His students are making a protest holding banners “Teacher Ko is our teacher!”. being a North Korean military officer. military Korean aNorth being to confessed whom of one captured, were bombers Two the of Korea. North by orchestrated Korea, South of President fifth the Doo-hwan, Chun against attempt assassination an was 1983, 9October of bombing Rangoon The ,1983 bombing Rangoon North Korean agents got arrested on the coast of Busan, 1983 Busan, of coast the on arrested got agents Korean North 173 CHAPTER 1 The violation of the National False report of Kim Il Sung’s dead, 1986 Security Act scandal, 1986 South Korean one of the main newspaper Chosun Ilbo A member of the National Assembly announced that North Korean loudspeakers along Yoo Sung-hwan, Sinhan Democratic the border had reported that Kim Il Sung, the North’s party, criticized a national policy leader, had been shot to death. However, it was soon toward North Korea “Anticom- later proven to be erroneous. munism” in the Assembly plenary session. South Korea government arrested him as the violation of the National Security Act, although many students advocated him. The Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee, 1978-1986 Shin Sang-Ok was a famous South Korean film director married to actress, Choi Eun- hee. Together, they established Shin Film and made many films through the 1960s which garnered recognition for South Korea at various film festivals. In 1978 Choi was abducted and taken to North Korea to meet Kim Jong-Il. Six months later, Shin was abducted. After three years in prison, Shin was united with Choi, and the two were instructed by Kim Jong-Il to make films for him in order to gain global recognition for North Korea’s film industry. After making many films for Kim Jong-Il, in 1986 Choi and Shin escaped from North Korean supervision to a US embassy while in Vienna. MBC broadcasted the citizens donation program for The Peace Dam construct,1986 The Peace Dam is a South Korean dam on the Bukhan River. It was built to stave off possible catastrophic flooding should the upstream Imnam Dam in North Korea collapse, either intentionally or by accident. It was later re- garded as a fearmongering tactic toward North Korea in order to maintain Illustration of water flooding expectation of Seoul dictatorship of Chun Doo-hwan regime. City by collapse of Imnam Dam in North Korea scandal, 1987 fabricated Kim Suji agent Korean A North dents advocating democracy were arrested. were democracy advocating dents stu- where incident University Kunkuk the to due defensive the on were Se-dong Jang Director then with along Agency the at officials leading time, the At election. presidential the of ahead balance the tip to lie his permitted tacitly Agency The remarks. his confirmed and Kong, Hong in ing resid- aKorean and Japan in Residents Korean of Association General the with affiliated aspy is who wife, my through me abduct to tried Korea North stated, he which at conference, apress hold to him allowed Agency the However, Kong. Hong in ment apart- an at squabbling while death to Kim gled stran- had he that Agency the to confessed Kim, Suji of husband 1987, Yoon Tae-sik, January In The bombing of Korean Air Flight 858 by North Korean agent ,1987 agent Korean North by 858 Flight Air Korean of bombing The 181 CHAPTER 1 1988 -1993 Roh Tae-woo Engagement Policy Discovery of the North Korea’s 4th Tunnel, 1990 The North Korea’s 4th Tunnel was discovered. It is located 1,200m from the Military Demarcation Line in the demilitarized zone of South Korea. In the picture, a foreigner is watching the Illustration of North Korean tunnels discovery North Korean slogan “Only for Revolution” 1993 -1998 Kim Young-sam Engagement Policy Hard-line Team Spirit resumed, 1992 Team Spirit was a joint military training exercise of United States Forces Korea and the Military of South Korea held between 1976 and 1993. The North Koreans withdrew from the NPT (Nonproliferation Treaty), 1993 High-level talks between North and South Korea ceased after the eighth, 1992 funeral, 1994 funeral, Sung’s Il Kim visiting of opinion Opposition context. the omitted deliberately was it although newspaper, of headline the hit catchline This of and the North the the South. undersecretaries between talks working-level the in fire” of a“Sea into Seoul turn to threatened Park Young-soo officer high Korea North fire”, of “Sea of headline the Hit 1994 visited North Korea to express condolences. express to Korea North visited Young-sam Kim President that opposed people right extreme Korean away, South passed sung Il Kim After South Korea soldiers are checking 3 North Korean agents’ corpse in Gangneung City, Gangwon, 1996 187 CHAPTER 1 rating of the candidate Lee Hoi-chang. Lee candidate the of rating approval the raise to order in Panmunjom at demonstration armed requested and officer high Korea North met people three party) (Right Party National Grand the Korea, of public Re- the of President 15th the of election the of eve the On 1997 demonstration, armed Requesting the two Koreas. Koreas. two the –between (NLL) Line Limit Northern the as –known line boundary maritime the redraw to campaign asustained began Korea North after occurred battle The Yeonpyeong, of 1999 Battle First border. inter-Korean the of south 33km and Sokcho of port the of east km 18 approximately waters Korean South in driftnet afishing in entangled became submarine Yugo-class Korean A North 1998 incident, submarine Sokcho 1988 -2003 Kim Dae-jung Sunshine Policy 189 CHAPTER 1 Island in the Yellow Sea the in Island Yeonpyeong near boundary maritime adisputed along boats patrol Korean South and Korean North between sea at aconfrontation was Yeonpyeong of Battle Second The Yeonpyeong, of 2002 Battle Second The continounsof 2003 -2008 2003 Roh Moo-hyun Sunshine Policy North Korea tried the first nuclear test, 2006 191 CHAPTER 1 2008 -20132008 Hard-line Lee Myung-bak Mount Kumkang Tour closed. Tour closed. Kumkang Mount The aresult, tour. As Kumkang mount the during beach the along strolling while soldier Korean aNorth by 5a.m. around at shot was Wang-ja Park 53-year-old Ministry, Unification the to According 2010 gunshot, by died Wang-ja Park and civilian targets. civilian and military both hitting Island, Yeonpyeong at rockets and shells 170 artillery around fired forces Korean North exercise inartillery waters, Korean aSouth Following 2010. November 23 on Island on Yeonpyeong stationed forces Korean South and military Korean North the engagement between lery artil- an was Yeonpyeong of bombardment The Yeonpyeong, 2010 of Bombardment attack. Korea’s North as concluded was sinking the of cause The seamen. 46 killing Yellow Sea, the in near Baengnyeong Island coast west country’s the off sank personnel, 104 carrying Navy, Korea of Republic the of corvette Pohang-class a Cheonan, 2010, when March 26 on occurred ing sink- Cheonan ROKS The 2010 sinking, Cheonan ROKS The 193 194 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH 2013 Gwangmyongsong-3, asatellite of launched and test nuclear third the tried Korea North 2013 - Hard-line Park Geun-hye antipersonnel mines in DMZ(Demilitarized Zone), 2015 in DMZ(Demilitarized mines antipersonnel by injured severely were Two soldiers Korean South Propaganda broadcast Successful hydrogen-bomb beamed at North Korea test, 2016 resumed, 2015 North Korea announced that they North Korea attacked speakers as succeeded in hydrogen-bomb a retaliation against propaganda test and launching of a satellite broadcast. Gwangmyongsong-4 198 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH closed, 2016 Region Industrial Kaesong The 199 CHAPTER 1 200 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH ballistic missile development programs. and nuclear ongoing Korea’s North counter to peninsula Korean the -on -THAAD Defense Area High-Altitude Terminal the deploy to plans announced have Korea South and U.S. The 2016 Korea, in South misile THAAD Installing Controversial 201 CHAPTER 1 202 NORTH FAR FROM SOUTH 203 CHAPTER 1 DESIGN ACADEMY EINDHOVEN CONTEXTUAL DESIGN SOYOUN KIM