Irish Hill and Mountain Names
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Irish Hill and Mountain Names The following document is extracted from the database used to prepare the list of peaks included on the ‘Summits’ section and other sections at www.mountainviews.ie The document comprises the name data and key geographical data for each peak listed on the website as of May 2010, with some minor changes and omissions. The geographical data on the website is more comprehensive. The data was collated over a number of years by a team of volunteer contributors to the website. The list in use started with the 2000ft list of Rev. Vandeleur (1950s), the 600m list based on this by Joss Lynam (1970s) and the 400 and 500m lists of Michael Dewey and Myrddyn Phillips. Extensive revision and extra data has been accepted from many MV contributors including Simon Stewart, Brian Ringland, Paul Donnelly, John FitzGerald, Denise Jacques, Colin Dalton, Brendan O'Reilly, Mark Brennan, myself and others. I have been gathering the place-name data and other information presented in columns 2-4 from 2004 onwards, and some changes have also been made to the anglicised forms given in column 1 as a result of this research. The anglicised forms are taken from the highest available authority, namely the Placenames Branch (An Brainse Logainmneacha), followed the Ordnance Survey maps. In the vast majority of cases, these are in agreement, but there are occasional differences, and some typographical errors occur on the 1:50,000 maps. A different anglicised form from that shown in these official sources has been adopted only in exceptional cases, which mainly fall into two categories. Firstly, the cartographers had a habit of adding the word ‘mountain’ to the names of several peaks during the first Ordnance Survey in the 1830s and 1840s, e.g. Errigal Mountain, Muckish Mountain, Sawel Mountain, Mangerton Mountain, etc. These tend to be principal peaks in the area in which they are located. This tendency has been ignored in the Mountain Views list for a number of reasons: the word ‘mountain’ is redundant in these cases as the name already denotes a peak without it (unlike, say, Stradbally Mountain, where Stradbally on its own denotes a parish and village); there is usually no equivalent word in the Irish form, such as sliabh or cnoc; and the Ordnance Survey forms have not gained currency locally or amongst hill-walkers. The second group of exceptions concerns hills for which there was substantial evidence from alternative authoritative sources for a name other than the one shown on OS maps, e.g. Croaghonagh / Cruach Eoghanach in Co. Donegal, marked on the Discovery map as Barnesmore, or Slievetrue in Co. Antrim, marked on the Discoverer map as Carn Hill. In some of these cases, the evidence for overriding the map forms comes from other Ordnance Survey sources, such as the Ordnance Survey Memoirs. It should be emphasised that these exceptions represent only a very small percentage of the names listed and that the forms used by the Placenames Branch and/or OSI/OSNI are adopted here in all other cases. Wherever possible, the Irish forms in column 3, ‘Name Origin and Meaning’, are also taken from www.logainm.ie, the website of the Placenames Branch, or from OSI maps (OSNI does not provide Irish forms on its Discoverer Series), but many peaks are only marked in an anglicised form. Therefore, there was a greater reliance on other authoritative sources, such as regional place-name surveys and works on local history. These sources are cited in square brackets after the Irish form of the name. See below for the key to the abbreviations used. An original interpretation has only been offered for certain transparent names for which no published source has been found. These are marked with my initials: [PDT]. The Irish forms, which sometimes reflect dialect or Classical Irish forms, have sometimes been modified for consistency to give a standardised modern Irish form. The English translations have also been standardised (e.g. so that Ir. binn is consistently rendered as ‘peak’), and are therefore not necessarily exactly as provided in the source quoted for the Irish form, although great importance has been attached to these. They have only been disregarded where there is compelling evidence for an alternative interpretation. The information presented in column 4, Notes about peak and name(s), is very varied in nature. Often it consists of a discussion of the name or an explanation of the interpretation provided. However, it may also include information relating to the topography, history, mythology, folklore, archaeology or other aspects of the mountain. Some information has also been added on published descriptions of walking routes, particularly for peaks which are not generally well covered in walking guides. Column 5, ‘Area’, refers to the system of areas used for the MV list. In order to ensure that every peak is assigned to an area, the classification is somewhat pragmatic. For example, Slieve Croob and its satellites are listed under Mourne Mountains rather than having an area of their own. Isolated hills in areas that are generally flat have been assigned to areas with names specially coined for MV, such as ‘North Midlands’. On the website there is an additional field called ‘Sub-area’ which enables further distinctions to be made, but this is not given here due to limited space. Therefore, this data should not be interpreted too literally. Comments on the list are welcome and notification of errors and omissions gratefully received. Paul Tempan, May 2010. Revised February 2012. Key to Abbreviations for Place-Name Sources AMacAB Unpublished notes on the element sliabh in Irish Place-names - Alan Mac An Bhaird Aspell 'Hags, Hounds and Hornless Cows: Decoding Irish Mountain Names', - Liam Aspell, Call Out, March 2011, www.mountainrescue.ie Buile Shuibhne Buile Shuibhne (‘The Frenzy of Sweeney’) – edited and translated by James G. O’Keeffe CF Cois Feoire (place-names of Co. Kilkenny) - Eoghan Ó Ceallaigh CMcG An Fear Deireanach den tSloinneadh / The Last of the Name - Charles McGlinchey DCM Dictionary of Celtic Mythology – James MacKillop Dinneen Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla / Irish-English Dictionary – Rev. Patrick S. Dinneen DUPN A Dictionary of Ulster Place-Names - Patrick McKay ET Éire Thuaidh / Ireland North - a cultural map and gazetteer of Irish place-names, published by the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland GE Gasaitéar na hÉireann - Ordnance Survey of Ireland GUH Gleanings from Ulster History – Séamas Ó Ceallaigh HDGP Historical Dictionary of Gaelic Placenames – edited by Pádraig Ó Riain, Diarmuid Ó Murchadha & Kevin Murray HU A Hidden Ulster - Pádraigín Ní Uallacháin IPN Irish Place Names - Deirdre Flanagan and Laurance Flanagan JOK James O'Kane - article on placenames of Inishkeel and Kilteevoge parishes in Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie JON John O’Neill – unpublished thesis on the Placenames of Glencolumbkille. LL Liostaí Logainmneacha - An Brainse Logainmneacha. Available for counties Limerick, Louth, Waterford and Monaghan, Offaly and Tipperary. logainm.ie Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann, the Placenames Database of Ireland, a website developed by Fiontar at DCU on behalf of the Placenames Branch (Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs). URL: www.logainm.ie MacNeill The Festival of Lughnasa - Máire MacNeill MD Metrical Dindshenchas - edited by Edward Gwynn MNIMA ‘Minor Names in an Irish Mountain Area’ – an article by Breandán S. Mac Aodha, published in Studia Celtica vol. 24-25 (1989-90), pp. 141-152. MÓM ‘The Mountain Names of County Down’, Mícheál Ó Mainnín, in Nomina 17 (1994) 31-53. NIPNP Replies Replies from the Northern Ireland Place-Name Project to enquiries from the public. O’Flaherty A chorographical description of West or H-Iar Connaught – Roderic O’Flaherty OG Onomasticon Goedelicum - Edmund Hogan OSI Ordnance Survey of Ireland maps (usually from the Discovery Series, 1:50,000, unless otherwise stated) OSM Ordnance Survey Memoirs OSNB Ordnance Survey Name Book - with Irish versions mainly proposed by John O'Donovan PDT Suggested Irish version proposed by Paul Tempan in the absence of other published sources PJW (The Origin and History of) Irish Names of Places (3 vols) – Patrick Weston Joyce PNABD Place Names and Antiquities of the Barony of Duhallow – Michael J. Bowman PNCC Place Names of Co. Carlow – Edward O’Toole PNCL Place-Names of Co. Leitrim - Rev. John Pinkman PNCW Place-Names of County Wicklow - Liam Price PND Place-Names of Decies - Canon Patrick Power PNNI Place-Names of Northern Ireland - published by the Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University Belfast, esp. volume III (The Mournes) by Mícheál Ó Mainnín. Siúlóidí Acla Siúlóidí Acla / A Bilingual Guide to Walking in Achill SOD Dinnseanchas na gCruacha - Seoirse Ó Dochartaigh Stubbs ‘Place Names in the County of Louth’ – a series of articles by Major Gen. F.W. Stubbs, published in the County Louth Archaeological Journal, Vol. 2 (no.1, 2, 3 & 4). SWoI Walk Guide: South-West of Ireland – Seán Ó Súilleabháin TCCD Tríocha-Céad Chorca Dhuibhne - An Seabhac (Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha) TH Toponomia Hiberniae (4 vols), a survey of the place-names of South Kerry – Breandán Ó Cíobháin TNCT Townland Names of County Tyrone – Patrick M’Aleer TR Connemara, map and gazetteer - Tim Robinson T6000 map of Beara by Eoghan Ó Súilleabháin in Tuosist 6000 UR Logainmneacha Uíbh Ráthach - An Seabhac (Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha) An asterisk (*) indicates that no name has been found for the peak on OS maps or in other authoritative sources. The name given here has been adopted specially for the Mountain Views list, but should not be regarded as official. In most cases the name adopted is that of a townland or one derived from some nearby landmark. Since such names are not official, Irish forms have not been provided in these cases, even where available.