Markup Languages and TEI XML Encoding
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Transformation Frameworks and Their Relevance in Universal Design
Universal Access in the Information Society manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Transformation frameworks and their relevance in universal design Silas S. Brown and Peter Robinson University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory 15 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK e-mail: fSilas.Brown,[email protected] Received: date / Revised version: date Category: Long Paper – Some algorithms can be simplified if the data is first transformed into a convenient structure. Many algo- Key words notations, transformation, conversion, ed- rithms can be regarded as transformations in their ucation, tools, 4DML own right. Abstract Music, engineering, mathematics, and many – Transformation can be important when presenting other disciplines have established notations for writing data to the user and when accepting user input. their documents. Adjusting these notations can con- This last point, namely the importance of transfor- tribute to universal access by helping to address access mation in user interaction, is relevant to universal design difficulties such as disabilities, cultural backgrounds, or and will be elaborated here. restrictive hardware. Tools that support the program- ming of such transformations can also assist by allowing the creation of new notations on demand, which is an 1.1 Transformation in universal design under-explored option in the relief of educational diffi- culties. Universal design aims to develop “technologies which This paper reviews some programming tools that can are accessible and usable by all citizens. thus avoid- be used to effect such transformations. It also introduces ing the need for a posteriori adaptations or specialised a tool, called “4DML”, that allows the programmer to design” [37]. -
The Text Encoding Initiative Nancy Ide
Encoding standards for large text resources: The Text Encoding Initiative Nancy Ide LaboratoirE Parole et Langage Department of Computer Science CNRS/Universitd de Provence Vassar College 29, Avenue R.obert Schuman Poughkeepsie, New York 12601 (U.S.A.) 13621 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 1 (France) e-maih ide@cs, vassar, edu Abstract. The Text Encoding Initiative (TEl) is an considerable work to develop adequately large and international project established in 1988 to develop appropriately constituted textual resources still remains. guidelines for the preparation and interchange of The demand for extensive reusability of large text electronic texts for research, and to satisfy a broad range collections in turn requires the development of of uses by the language industries more generally. The standardized encoding formats for this data. It is no longer need for standardized encoding practices has become realistic to distribute data in ad hoc formats, since the inxreasingly critical as the need to use and, most eflbrt and resources required to clean tip and reformat the importantly, reuse vast amounts of electronic text has data for local use is at best costly, and in many cases dramatically increased for both research and industry, in prohibitive. Because much existing and potentially particular for natural language processing. In January available data was originally formatted R)r the purposes 1994, the TEl isstled its Guidelines for the Fmcoding and of printing, the information explicitly represented in the hiterehange of Machine-Readable Texts, which provide encoding concerns a imrticular physical realization of a standardized encoding conventions for a large range of text rather than its logical strttcture (which is of greater text types and features relevant for a broad range of interest for most NLP applications), and the applications. -
OASIS Response to NSTC Request for Feedback on Standard Practices
OASIS RESPONSE TO NSTC REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK ON STANDARDS PRACTICES OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) is pleased to respond to the request from the National Science and Technology Council's Sub-Committee on Standards published at 75 FR 76397 (2010), and extended by 76 FR 3877 (2011), for feedback and observations regarding the effectiveness of Federal agencies' participation in the development and implementation of standards and conformity assessment activities and programs. We have advised our own members about the Federal Register inquiry, in case they wish to respond. Of course, their opinions are their own, and this response does not represent the views of any members, but only the observations of OASIS professional staff. I. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUND OASIS is one of the largest and oldest global open data standards consortia, founded in 1993 as SGML Open. OASIS has over 5000 active participants representing about 600 member organizations and individual members in over 80 countries. We host widely-used standards in multiple fields including • cybersecurity & access control (such as WS-Security, SAML, XACML, KMIP, DSS & XSPA) [/1], • office documents and smart semantic documents (such as OpenDocument, DITA, DocBook & CMIS) [/2], and • electronic commerce (including SOA and web services, such as BPEL, ebXML, WS-ReliableMessaging & the WS-Transaction standards) [/3] among other areas. Various specific vertical industries also fulfill their open standards requirements by initiating OASIS projects, resulting in mission-specific standards such as • UBL and Business Document Exchange (for e-procurement) [/4], • CAP and EDML (for emergency first-responder notifications) [/5], and • LegalXML (for electronic court filing data)[/6]. -
Automated Software System for Checking the Structure and Format of Acm Sig Documents
AUTOMATED SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR CHECKING THE STRUCTURE AND FORMAT OF ACM SIG DOCUMENTS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES OF NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY By ARSALAN RAHMAN MIRZA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Software Engineering NICOSIA, 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the help, support and patience of my principal supervisor, my deepest gratitude goes to Assist. Prof. Dr. Melike Şah Direkoglu, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of my research and writing thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present from. Above all, my unlimited thanks and heartfelt love would be dedicated to my dearest family for their loyalty and their great confidence in me. I would like to thank my parents for giving me a support, encouragement and constant love have sustained me throughout my life. I would also like to thank the lecturers in software/computer engineering department for giving me the opportunity to be a member in such university and such department. Their help and supervision concerning taking courses were unlimited. Eventually, I would like to thank a man who showed me a document with wrong format, and told me “it will be very good if we have a program for checking the documents”, however I don’t know his name, but he hired me to start my thesis based on this idea. ii To Alan Kurdi To my Nephews Sina & Nima iii ABSTRACT Microsoft office (MS) word is one of the most commonly used software tools for creating documents. -
SGML As a Framework for Digital Preservation and Access. INSTITUTION Commission on Preservation and Access, Washington, DC
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 417 748 IR 056 976 AUTHOR Coleman, James; Willis, Don TITLE SGML as a Framework for Digital Preservation and Access. INSTITUTION Commission on Preservation and Access, Washington, DC. ISBN ISBN-1-887334-54-8 PUB DATE 1997-07-00 NOTE 55p. AVAILABLE FROM Commission on Preservation and Access, A Program of the Council on Library and Information Resources, 1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 740, Washington, DC 20036-2217 ($20). PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative (142) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Access to Information; Computer Oriented Programs; *Electronic Libraries; *Information Retrieval; Library Automation; Online Catalogs; *Preservation; Standards IDENTIFIERS Digital Technology; *SGML ABSTRACT This report explores the suitability of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) as a framework for building, managing, and providing access to digital libraries, with special emphasis on preservation and access issues. SGML is an international standard (ISO 8879) designed to promote text interchange. It is used to define markup languages, which can then encode the logical structure and content of any so-defined document. The connection between SGML and the traditional concerns of preservation and access may not be immediately apparent, but the use of descriptive markup tools such as SGML is crucial to the quality and long-term accessibility of digitized materials. Beginning with a general exploration of digital formats for preservation and access, the report provides a staged technical tutorial on the features and uses of SGML. The tutorial covers SGML and related standards, SGML Document Type Definitions in current use, and related projects now under development. A tiered metadata model is described that could incorporate SGML along with other standards to facilitate discovery and retrieval of digital documents. -
A Standard Format Proposal for Hierarchical Analyses and Representations
A standard format proposal for hierarchical analyses and representations David Rizo Alan Marsden Department of Software and Computing Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts, Systems, University of Alicante Lancaster University Instituto Superior de Enseñanzas Artísticas de la Bailrigg Comunidad Valenciana Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK Ctra. San Vicente s/n. E-03690 [email protected] San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain [email protected] ABSTRACT portant place in historical research, in pedagogy, and even in such In the realm of digital musicology, standardizations efforts to date humble publications as concert programme notes. have mostly concentrated on the representation of music. Anal- Standard text is generally a crucial part of music analyses, often yses of music are increasingly being generated or communicated augmented by specialist terminology, and frequently accompanied by digital means. We demonstrate that the same arguments for the by some form of diagram or other graphical representation. There desirability of standardization in the representation of music apply are well established ways of representing texts in digital form, but also to the representation of analyses of music: proper preservation, not for the representation of analytical diagrams. In some cases sharing of data, and facilitation of digital processing. We concen- the diagrams are very like music notation, with just the addition of trate here on analyses which can be described as hierarchical and textual labels, brackets or a few other symbols (see Figure 1). In show that this covers a broad range of existing analytical formats. other cases they are more elaborate, and might not make direct use We propose an extension of MEI (Music Encoding Initiative) to al- of musical notation at all. -
Syllabus FREN379 Winter 2020
Department of French and Italian Studies University of Washington Winter 2020 FRENCH 379 Eighteenth-Century France Through Digital Archives and Tools Tues, Thurs 1:30-3:20 Denny 159 Geoffrey Turnovsky ([email protected]) Padelford C-255; 685-1618 Office Hours: M 1-3pm and by appointment Description. The last decade or two has witnessed a huge migration of texts and data onto digital platforms, where they can be accessed, in many cases, by anyone anywhere. This is a terrific benefit to students and teachers alike, who otherwise wouldn't be able to consult these materials; and it has transformed the kind of work and research we can do in the French program and in the Humanities. We can now discover obscure, archival documents which we would never have been able to find in the past. And we can look at classic works in their original forms, rather than in contemporary re-editions that often change and modernize the works. Yet this ease of access brings challenges: to locate these resources on the web, to assess their quality and reliability, and to understand how to use them, as primary sources and “data”, and as new research technologies. The PDF of a first edition downloaded through Google Books certainly looks like the historical printed book it reproduces; but it is not that printed book. It is a particular image of one copy of it, created under certain conditions and it can be a mistake to forget the difference. In this course, we'll explore a variety of digital archives, databases and tools that are useful for studying French cultural history. -
JSON Application Programming Interface for Discrete Event Simulation Data Exchange
JSON Application Programming Interface for Discrete Event Simulation data exchange Ioannis Papagiannopoulos Enterprise Research Centre Faculty of Science and Engineering Design and Manufacturing Technology University of Limerick Submitted to the University of Limerick for the degree of Master of Engineering 2015 1. Supervisor: Prof. Cathal Heavey Enterprise Research Centre University of Limerick Ireland ii Abstract This research is conducted as part of a project that has the overall aim to develop an open source discrete event simulation (DES) platform that is expandable, and modular aiming to support the use of DES at multi-levels of manufacturing com- panies. The current work focuses on DES data exchange within this platform. The goal of this thesis is to develop a DES exchange interface between three different modules: (i) ManPy an open source discrete event simulation engine developed in Python on the SimPy library; (ii) A Knowledge Extraction (KE) tool used to populate the ManPy simulation engine from shop-floor data stored within an Enterprise Requirements Planning (ERP) or a Manufacturing Execution System (MES) to allow the potential for real-time simulation. The development of the tool is based on R scripting language, and different Python libraries; (iii) A Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed in JavaScript used to provide an interface in a similar manner to Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) DES tools. In the literature review the main standards that could be used are reviewed. Based on this review and the requirements above, the data exchange format standard JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) was selected. The proposed solution accom- plishes interoperability between different modules using an open source, expand- able, and easy to adopt and maintain, in an all inclusive JSON file. -
Deliverable 5.2 Score Edition Component V2
Ref. Ares(2021)2031810 - 22/03/2021 TROMPA: Towards Richer Online Music Public-domain Archives Deliverable 5.2 Score Edition Component v2 Grant Agreement nr 770376 Project runtime May 2018 - April 2021 Document Reference TR-D5.2-Score Edition Component v2 Work Package WP5 - TROMPA Contributor Environment Deliverable Type Report Dissemination Level PU Document due date 28 February 2021 Date of submission 28 February 2021 Leader GOLD Contact Person Tim Crawford (GOLD) Authors Tim Crawford (GOLD), David Weigl, Werner Goebl (MDW) Reviewers David Linssen (VD), Emilia Gomez, Aggelos Gkiokas (UPF) TR-D5.2-Score Edition Component v2 1 Executive Summary This document describes tooling developed as part of the TROMPA Digital Score Edition deliverable, including an extension for the Atom text editor desktop application to aid in the finalisation of digital score encodings, a Javascript module supporting selection of elements upon a rendered digital score, and the Music Scholars Annotation Tool, a web app integrating this component, in which users can select, view and interact with musical scores which have been encoded using the MEI (Music Encoding Initiative) XML format. The most important feature of the Annotation Tool is the facility for users to make annotations to the scores in a number of ways (textual comments or cued links to media such as audio or video, which can then be displayed in a dedicated area of the interface, or to external resources such as html pages) which they ‘own’, in the sense that they may be kept private or ‘published’ to other TROMPA users of the same scores. These were the main requirements of Task 5.2 of the TROMPA project. -
Introduction
C. M. SPERBERG-MCQUEEN Editor Text Encoding Initiative University of Illinois at Chicago The Text Encoding Initiative: Electronic Text Markup for Research ABSTRACT This paper describes the goals and work of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), an international cooperative project to develop and disseminate guidelines for the encoding and interchange of electronic text for research purposes. It begins by outlining some basic problems that arise in the attempt to represent textual material in computers and some problems that arise in the attempt to encourage the sharing and reuse of electronic textual resources. These problems provide the necessary background for a brief review of the origins and organization of the Text Encoding Initiative itself. Next, the paper describes the rationale for the decision of the TEI to use the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) as the basis for its work. Finally, the work accomplished by the TEI is described in general terms, and some attempt is made to clarify what the project has and has not accomplished. INTRODUCTION This paper describes the goals and work of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), an international cooperative project to develop and disseminate guidelines for the encoding and interchange of electronic text for research purposes. In the simplest possible terms, the TEI is an attempt to find better ways to put texts into computers for the purposes of doing research that uses those texts. 35 36 CM. SPERBERG-MCQUEEN The paper will first discuss some basic problems involved in that process, then some practical aspects of the reuse and reusability of textual resources. With the context thus clarified, the origins and organization of the TEI itself can then be described briefly, along with the reasons behind the decision of the TEI to use the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) as the basis for its work. -
Release Notes for the Docbook XSL Stylesheets I
Release Notes for the DocBook XSL Stylesheets i Release Notes for the DocBook XSL Stylesheets Release Notes for the DocBook XSL Stylesheets ii Contents 1 Release Notes: snapshot 1 2 Release Notes: 1.79.2 1 3 Release Notes: 1.79.1 1 3.1 Gentext . .1 3.2 Common . .2 3.3 FO...........................................................4 3.4 HTML.........................................................9 3.5 Manpages . 13 3.6 Epub.......................................................... 14 3.7 HTMLHelp . 16 3.8 Eclipse . 16 3.9 JavaHelp . 16 3.10 Slides . 17 3.11 Website . 17 3.12 Webhelp . 18 3.13 Params . 18 3.14 Profiling . 20 3.15Lib........................................................... 20 3.16 Tools . 20 3.17 Template . 21 3.18 Extensions . 21 4 Release Notes: 1.79.0 21 4.1 Gentext . 22 4.2 Common . 23 4.3 FO........................................................... 24 4.4 HTML......................................................... 29 4.5 Manpages . 34 4.6 Epub.......................................................... 35 4.7 HTMLHelp . 36 4.8 Eclipse . 36 4.9 JavaHelp . 37 4.10 Slides . 37 4.11 Website . 38 4.12 Webhelp . 38 4.13 Params . 39 Release Notes for the DocBook XSL Stylesheets iii 4.14 Profiling . 40 4.15Lib........................................................... 40 4.16 Tools . 40 4.17 Template . 41 4.18 Extensions . 42 5 Release Notes: 1.78.1 42 5.1 Common . 42 5.2 FO........................................................... 43 5.3 HTML......................................................... 43 5.4 Manpages . 44 5.5 Webhelp . 44 5.6 Params . 44 5.7 Highlighting . 44 6 Release Notes: 1.78.0 44 6.1 Gentext . 45 6.2 Common . 45 6.3 FO........................................................... 46 6.4 HTML......................................................... 47 6.5 Manpages . -
Text Encoding Initiative Semantic Modeling. a Conceptual Workflow Proposal
Text Encoding Initiative semantic modeling. A conceptual workflow proposal Fabio Ciotti1, Marilena Daquino2, and Francesca Tomasi2 1 Department of Humanities, University of Roma, Italy [email protected] 2 Department of Classical Philology and Italian Studies, University of Bologna, Italy {marilena.daquino2, francesca.tomasi}@unibo.it Abstract. In this paper we present a proposal for the XML TEI semantic enhancement, through an ontological modelization based on a three level approach: an ontological generalization of the TEI schema; an intensional semantics of TEI elements; an extensional semantics of the markup content. A possible TEI semantic enhancement will be the result of these three levels dialogue and combination. We conclude with the ontology mapping issue and a Linked Open Data suggestion for digital libraries based on XML TEI semantically enriched model. Keywords: ontology, TEI, XML, interoperability, LOD, digital libraries. 1 Introduction Digital libraries are moving towards a radical identity redefinition. Semantic Web technologies are, in particular, contributing to increase the expressivity of the digital library as an unexplored reservoir of raw data, on which keyword as ontologies, RDF, OWL, metadata and controlled vocabularies play a crucial role. “Yet semantic technologies offer a new level of flexibility, interoperability, and relationships for digital repositories” [1]. Typically XML is the meta-language used in order to populate libraries with documents aiming at ensuring the maximum syntactic interchange, even between technological heterogeneous repositories. In the „humanistic community‟ XML is commonly used in combination with TEI (Text Encoding Initiative)1, the „controlled vocabulary‟ for declaring humanistic-domain-based interpretations. TEI is a flexible and customizable schema that represents a shared approach in the community, demonstrated by the fact that the most of existent digital libraries of national textual traditions are based on this standard2.