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Intel Research Seattle New Horizons for Mobile Computing Roy Want Intel Research IEEE Pervasive Computing & Communication Conference March 2003 24th March 2003 Intel Research 1 Overview of presentation 1. A perspective on opportunities for Pervasive Computing 2. How technology impacts Pervasive Computing 3. Pervasive Computing & storage technology 4. Examples: how storage can change mobile design 5. Case study of the Personal Server project at Intel 24th March 2003 Intel Research 2 The wonderful opportunities for Pervasive Computing today, reminds me of a Monty Python Sketch Do your remember the “The Four Yorkshireman” sketch? EI: Who would have thought all those years ago we would be sitting here?.... MP:.….When I was a lad we had to live in a cardboard box … GC:…Luxury! when we were lads, we had to live in a lake… EI:…..I had to get up half an hour before I went to bed … 24th March 2003 Intel Research 3 ……And you tell that to young people today and they won’t believe you! 24th March 2003 Intel Research 4 When I was a lad….. joining Olivetti Research in 1988 …(15 yrs ago) • PC • 30MHz • 286 processor • 20MB disk drive • No PDAs • No consumer GPS • No Ubiquitous or Pervasive computing • No wireless LANs………and………No venue to publish. • My boss used to beat me up when I made presentations about mobile computing ☺ • To publish I had to promise the EIC to review 500 journal papers and then they might consider mine! ☺ And in 1988, I had it good. 24th March 2003 Intel Research 5 It’s a wonderful time for Pervasive/Ubiquitous Computing • Conferences • IEEE PerCom’03 • Ubicomp’03 (Springer & Verlag) • Pervasive Computing’03 (IBM sponsored) • Mobicom’03 – ACM premier mobile conference • Mobisys’03– systems/applications • ISWC’03 – wearable computing • [CHI, UIST,CSCW, Siggraph] – all very open to PC papers. • Magazines and Journals • IEEE Wireless Communications {IEEE Personal Communications} • CACM, IEEE Spectrum, IBM Systems Journal • IEEE Pervasive Computing 24th March 2003 Intel Research 6 IEEE Pervasive Computing A magazine which is a perfect opportunity for researchers in this field 24th March 2003 Intel Research 7 Industrial Research Programs & Pervasive Computing • IBM Research • Pervasive Computing Division • Almaden: UE group Blueboard, Linux wristwatch • Microsoft Research • Cambridge (Low-cost active badges, Smart pens) • Redmond (Spot, Radar, Easyliving) • Bay Area (Tablet computer) • Intel Research (University Lablet Program) • Seattle - Gaetano Borriello Ubiquitous Computing • Berkeley – David Culler Extreme Networking [Sensor Nets] • Pittsburgh – Satya Distributed Storage • Cambridge – Derek McAuley Network Switches PROACTIVE COMPUTING: Ubiquitous Computing systems that anticipate your needs and act on your behalf. 24th March 2003 Intel Research 8 Technology Opportunities for Mobility (TRUE handheld devices – not laptop computers) Communication Brief overview Processors Focus of Storage talk Displays Will not talk about these Power Sources 24th March 2003 Intel Research 9 Technology Opportunities for Mobility Lots of CS research Communication here Processors Storage Displays Power Sources 24th March 2003 Intel Research 10 Examples of Ubiquitous Computing projects from the early 90’s Examples • Olivetti’s Active Badge • Xerox ParcTab & MPad • FX Hikari • Berkeley’s InfoPad 24th March 2003 Intel Research 11 Bluetooth: Sullivan & Frost 2001 WirelessWireless StandardsStandards IEEE802.11: Gartner Group Bluetooth- actual 35M units in 2002 250% up from 2001 ref: In-stat 802.11-actual 13M units Wireless networking is Bluetooth volumes driven by becoming standardized conventional cell phones & GPRS • BLUETOOTH • Low power • IEEE 802.11 • Physically small 24th March 2003 Intel Research 12 Improvements in pervasive/ubiquitous networking-bandwidth Data bandwidth available to me … Generously WIRED at home x1 Approx. x10 Approx. x100 19.2kbps & 56kbps 128kbps 1.5Mbps Modem ISDN ADSL Time 1990 1995 2000 2003 Mobitex 19.2kbps WIRELESS CDPD Ubiquitously WAP CDMA Metricom 40kbps GPRS WIRELESS 100kbps Hotspots 24th March 2003 Intel Research802.11 11Mbps 13 Technology Opportunities for Mobility Communication Good Progress Processors here Storage Displays Power Sources 24th March 2003 Intel Research 14 MobileMobile ProcessorProcessor TechnologyTechnology • Commercial RISC processors: • Power efficient • The clock speed and core voltage can be optimized • Intel® StrongARM™ to 233MHz at 1W • Intel® XScale™ to 1 GHz (DVM) at 1.4W 1990: 1-10MHz 2003: 400MHz Xscale™ 24th March 2003 Intel Research 15 Technology Opportunities for Mobility Communication In 2003 onwards storage Processors offers one of the biggest Storage opportunities Displays Power Sources 24th March 2003 Intel Research 16 Storage Technology Trends A 1GB disk drive in • Disk Storage density is compact flash card doubling each year format since 2000 • 80Gbits /sq.in+ today Hard Disk Storage Density 100000000 1TB DISK 10000000 CF-Card 1000000 2011 100000 10000 .in. q 1000 s r 100 pe s 10 1 lobit i 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 K Year 1GB CF-Flash 2003 Scientific American, May 2000 24th March 2003 Intel Research 17 Limits and Futures for Electronic Storage Conventional Mag. Disk Density may be limited … Magnetic Disk Limits • Superparamagnetic Effect (SPE) • Giant Magneto-resistance (GMR) • Extraordinary Magneto-resistance (EMR) Future Options • Magneto-optical • IBM – millipede • HP – ARS • Holographic Memory • Polymer Memory 24th March 2003 Intel Research 18 Bandwidth & Ubiquitous Computing 'Never underestimate the bandwidth of a station wagon full of tapes hurtling down the highway.' Andrew Tanenbaum, Computer Networks Prentice-Hall, 1988, p57, 2nd Edition. 1000Mbps between Santa Clara & 10 x 10GByte Palo Alto Backup Tapes 14 miles 60mph 24th March 2003 Intel Research 19 2002 Update…. “Never underestimate the bandwidth of some guy with a disk in his pocket...” 24th March 2003 Intel Research 20 High Density Storage Enabling New Products • Keychain USB Storage • 20G/40GB MP3 Players • Tivo or Replay TV 24th March 2003 Intel Research 21 Three examples of applications made possible by high-density storage Assumption: New technologies will continue to support disk-density doubling for 10 years 24th March 2003 Intel Research 22 Example 1: Store your life experiences Today, you would appear here 0 A lifetime of storage 80 years Storage Required (80 years,16hr/day) Audio 16kbps 3 TBytes 2012 Video 512kbps 97 TBytes 2017 24th March 2003 Intel Research 23 Example 1(cont): Camera Sentinels High Capacity & + Wireless: only for High Density answering queries Storage or reporting events Video Surveillance Cameras that record all they see – for the lifetime of the camera 24th March 2003 Intel Research 24 Example 2: Preloaded Disks 2003: 60GB pocket disk 2013: 60TB pocket disk 60TB is over 10,000 DVD (4.7GB) • Preload disk with MP3s and DVDs • Encryption could be used: to play the media, buy the key • Differentiate your disk products with preloaded content 24th March 2003 Intel Research 25 Example 3: Using Storage for Pre-fetching Link #1.1 Link #1 Link #1.2 Other Links Link #2.1 Link #2 Prefetch all web pages that link Link to pages you visit #2.2 ….and pages linked to all those pages… 24th March 2003 Intel Research 26 Two Intel Projects inspired by Storage Trends Personal Media Player (PMP) Personal Server 24th March 2003 Intel Research 27 Personal Servers 24th March 2003 Intel Research 28 Barriers for Traditional Ubiquitous Computing • Mobile computing displays and keyboards are mostly inadequate for the task • They are either too small to be useful for real work • Or too heavy for convenient mobility (laptops are 4-6lbs and fairly large) • Wireless bandwidth is variable at different locations • No guarantees bandwidth will be available at a site • Latency is also variable and can be unacceptable • Security leads to availability problems • Firewalls between end-points can prevent access • End-to-end security is necessary to guarantee privacy • The wireless carriers overreached themselves when bidding for new wireless spectrum • The cost of Wireless services will remain high for a while • Who will pay? 24th March 2003 Intel Research 29 The Personal Server Prototype STORE ALL YOUR: Files Documents High Density Photos Storage MP3s Videos High Performance Processor Low power Short Range Radio • No real display or keyboard • The interface is only accessible via a wireless link • Small enough to fit in your pocket or purse 24th March 2003 Intel Research 30 A Personal Web Server My mobile web page 24th March 2003 Intel Research 31 The Personal Server Concept Any computer becomes your computer 24th March 2003 Intel Research 32 Using a Personal Server Any PDA could instantly become your PDA Check your diary at the bus station Check a shopping list using an ATM display Check your own schedule Acquire serendipitous using an airport display information 24th March 2003 Intel Research 33 Wireless Drive Personal Server User Interface Letter Neighborhood Manager List Personal Servers in the locality Streaming Media Mobile Web Page Demonstration available later Personal Server in the conference Indication 24th March 2003 Intel Research 34 Integration with other killer applications • Build this new capability into a cell phone ‘like’ device • It’s always with you – it’s small and easy to carry it • You are already motivated to keep it with you for making phone calls (a proven killer-app) Bold Statement: Cell phones will be the Personal Server of the Future! 24th March 2003 Intel Research 35 Not your average wearable computer!
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