DOCSLIB.ORG

Razor Gang to Dawkins: a History of Victoria College, an Australian College of Advanced Education

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Razor Gang to Dawkins: a History of Victoria College, an Australian College of Advanced Education Razor Gang to Dawkins: A History of Victoria College, an Australian College of Advanced Education Vivienne Carol Roche Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2003 Faculty of Education The University of Melbourne Abstract For ten years from 1982, Victoria College was a large multi-campus college of advanced education providing a diverse range of higher education programs to Australian and overseas students. This thesis outlines the history of Victoria College. It considers the circumstances that led to its creation through the forced amalgamation of four previously independent colleges of advanced education: the State Colleges of Victoria at Burwood, Rusden, and Toorak and the Prahran College of Advanced Education and examines the events which led to its merger with Deakin University in 1992. Australia’s binary system of higher education was intended to enhance the diversity of tertiary education as well as to increase the number of students able to gain a tertiary qualification. This thesis describes the role of Victoria College within the binary system and argues that the College did increase student and programmatic diversity within Australia’s higher education system. It describes how the four colleges that formed Victoria College responded to the forced amalgamation that resulted from the Commonwealth Government’s “Razor Gang” Report and the merger process that followed it. It traces the College’s early years and the development of its academic vision. These events support the academic literature on amalgamations that identify staff anxiety and opposition as well as the emotional costs as important features of involuntary mergers between two or more institutions. The College’s approach to the management of a multi-campus institution as well as the financial crisis of its early years are documented. The history of Victoria College also provides a useful case study of the dynamic relationships that exist between higher education institutions and Commonwealth and State governments in a federal system. The thesis contends that Victoria College was a successful college of advanced education (CAE). It suggests that it acted in accordance with the Government’s original intentions for the binary system by providing vocationally relevant higher education for students from relatively disadvantaged backgrounds. Victoria College also successfully achieved government policy imperatives that the institutions diversify their educational programs by reducing student load in teacher education courses and expanding into other discipline areas. It is argued that Victoria College resisted academic drift to a greater degree than other Australian CAEs as well as providing cost-effective higher education courses. It is concluded that the demise of the binary system and the introduction of the Unified National System under Minister Dawkins which led to the disappearance of Victoria College has created a less diverse higher education system. i This is to certify that i. the thesis comprises only my original work towards the PhD, ii. due acknowledgment has been made in the text to all other material used, iii. the thesis is less than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies and appendices. ii Acknowledgments Many people assisted me in this endeavour. The research draws heavily on the records of Victoria College and its predecessors, now under the control of the Deakin University Archivist. The courteous and extremely knowledgeable assistance of Antony Catrice, Senior Archivist at Deakin University, was particularly appreciated, as was the help of Catherine Herrick, the controller of the Education History Unit of the Victorian Department of Education and Training. I learned much from the interviews conducted as part of this research and I am very grateful to those people who shared their reflections with me. I particularly wish to thank Dr Norman Curry and Michael Selway, who not only contributed their interpretations of events, but also made available to me relevant documents in their possession. The special contributions of Mr Des Taylor and Dr Graham Allen, both now deceased, are also gratefully acknowledged. Des Taylor’s dry humour and colourful turn of phrase have enlivened this narrative. Hopefully, some indication of Dr Allen’s significant contribution to higher education in Victoria can also be gleaned from the narrative. Valuable assistance was also provided by Dr Robin Matthews, Associate Professor Don Gibb, Dr Ian Allen, Mr John Scutt, Dr Geoff Beeson, Dr Nigel Smart and Mr Bill Griffiths. I also wish to thank Professor Richard Teese, Outcomes Research Unit, University of Melbourne, for his supervision, encouragement and support throughout the research and preparation of this thesis. A special debt is owed to my son David Roche for his patient proof-reading and judicious editorial comment. Finally, to my husband Dr Colin Campbell, whose story this really is, my profound gratitude for his valuable support and insights, as well as his forbearance, during the long gestation of this work. iii Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................................iii Table of Contents............................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables and Figures.................................................................................................................vii Chapter 1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 Educational expansion and the Martin Report ............................................................................... 2 Commonwealth funding of teacher education................................................................................ 4 Methodology.................................................................................................................................... 7 Organisation of the thesis................................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 2 Literature Review ............................................................................................................. 10 Diversity in higher education........................................................................................................ 10 Academic drift and stratification in higher education.................................................................. 14 Mergers in higher education.......................................................................................................... 16 The multi-campus institution ........................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 3 Historical Overview.......................................................................................................... 21 The Binary System in Australia.................................................................................................... 21 Higher education in Victoria in the post-war period.................................................................... 25 Technical Institutes become Colleges of Advanced Education................................................... 26 Differentiating Victoria’s colleges of advanced education from universities............................. 29 Teachers’ Colleges gain CAE status............................................................................................. 30 Two coordinating authorities in Victoria...................................................................................... 32 Victorian Post-Secondary Education Commission established ................................................... 34 Chapter 4 Creating Victoria College – the economic and fiscal context........................................ 37 Supply and demand issues in teacher education........................................................................... 38 Economic downturn and the education debate............................................................................. 39 Reductions in teacher education intakes: the Commonwealth versus Victoria........................... 41 Proposals for structural change..................................................................................................... 44 Victoria’s plan for consolidating colleges .................................................................................... 47 Implications of events of 1977-1981 for higher education sector ............................................... 50 The Constituent Colleges .............................................................................................................. 51 Chapter 5 The Amalgamating Institutions and the Planning Process.............................................. 54 Governance of higher education ................................................................................................... 54 The Review of Commonwealth Functions ................................................................................... 56 The events of May 1981...............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Inquiry Into Agricultural Education and Training in Victoria
    Education and Training Committee Inquiry into agricultural education and training in Victoria ORDERED TO BE PRINTED November 2012 by Authority Victorian Government Printer Parliamentary paper No.196 Session 2010–2012 Parliament of Victoria Education and Training Committee Inquiry into agricultural education and training in Victoria This report is also available at www.parliament.vic.gov.au/etc Printed on 100% recycled paper ISBN 978-0-9871154-2-3 ISBN 978-0-9871154-3-0 Electronic ii Contents Contents .............................................................................................................................. iii List of figures ...................................................................................................................... xi List of case studies ........................................................................................................... xiii Committee membership .................................................................................................... xv Functions of the Committee ............................................................................................. xvi Terms of reference ............................................................................................................ xvi Chair’s foreword .............................................................................................................. xvii Executive summary ......................................................................................................... xix List of
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching About Australia. ERIC Digest
    ED319651 1990-02-00 Teaching about Australia. ERIC Digest. ERIC Development Team www.eric.ed.gov Table of Contents If you're viewing this document online, you can click any of the topics below to link directly to that section. Teaching about Australia. ERIC Digest. 1 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO TEACH ABOUT AUSTRALIA'? 2 WHERE DOES AUSTRALIAN STUDIES BELONG IN THE CURRICULUM'? WHAT STRATEGIES MIGHT BE USED IN CLASSROOMS TO TEACH ABOUT REFERENCES AND ERIC RESOURCES 5 ERIC t,Oil Digests ERIC Identifier: ED319651 Publication Date: 1990-02-00 Author: Prior, Warren R. Source: ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education Bloomington IN. Teaching about Australia. ERIC Digest. THIS DIGEST WAS CREATED BY ERIC, THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER. FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT ERIC, CONTACT ACCESS ERIC 1-800-LET-ERIC It is only in very recent times that Australia has penetrated the consciousness of many American classroom teachers as a potentially worthwhile area of study for their students. Most teachers have little or no formal education about Australia. Recent Australian-American sporting events, films, and tourist advertising have been widely ED319651 1990-02-00 Teaching about Australia. ERIC Digest. Page 1 of 7 www.eric.ed.gov ERIC Custom Transformations Team publicized in the United States. But mostly these have presented stereotypical images of Australia. The few school textbooks that mention Australia tend to reinforce these stereotypes. The explanation of this lack of interest perhaps reflects as much on Australians themselves, who tend to be so obsessed with inventing national images that outside observers just don't know where to begin a study about Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporatised Universities: an Educational and Cultural Disaster
    John Biggs and Richard Davis (eds), The Subversion of Australian Universities (Wollongong: Fund for Intellectual Dissent, 2002). Chapter 12 Corporatised universities: an educational and cultural disaster John Biggs Where from here? Australian universities have been heavily criticised in these pages, and some specific examples of where things have gone wrong have been reported in detail. Not everyone sees these events negatively, how- ever. Professor Don Aitken, until recently Vice-Chancellor of the University of Canberra, said: I remain optimistic about the future of higher education in Australia. … To regard what is happening to universities in Australia as simply the work of misguided politicians or managers is abysmally paro- chial.1 Are the authors in this book concentrating too much on the damage that has been done? Is a greater good emerging that we have missed so far? As was pointed out in the Preface, globalisation is upon us; it is less than helpful to command, Canute-like, the tide to retreat. Rather the wise thing would be to acknowledge what we cannot change, and focus on what we can change. At the least, we need a resolution that is more academically acceptable than the one we have. The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh, Professor Stuart Sutherland, in commenting on parallel changes in Britain, put it this way: 185 The subversion of Australian universities The most critical task for universities is to recreate a sense of our own worth by refashioning our understanding of our identity — our under- standing of what the word “university” means. …The trouble is that in the process of expansion and diversification, the place that universities had at the table has not simply been redefined; it has been lost.2 Australian universities too have lost their place at the table.
    [Show full text]
  • Victorian Historical Journal
    VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL VOLUME 90, NUMBER 2, DECEMBER 2019 ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA The Victorian Historical Journal has been published continuously by the Royal Historical Society of Victoria since 1911. It is a double-blind refereed journal issuing original and previously unpublished scholarly articles on Victorian history, or occasionally on Australian history where it illuminates Victorian history. It is published twice yearly by the Publications Committee; overseen by an Editorial Board; and indexed by Scopus and the Web of Science. It is available in digital and hard copy. https://www.historyvictoria.org.au/publications/victorian-historical-journal/. The Victorian Historical Journal is a part of RHSV membership: https://www. historyvictoria.org.au/membership/become-a-member/ EDITORS Richard Broome and Judith Smart EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL Emeritus Professor Graeme Davison AO, FAHA, FASSA, FFAHA, Sir John Monash Distinguished Professor, Monash University (Chair) https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/graeme-davison Emeritus Professor Richard Broome, FAHA, FRHSV, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University and President of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria Co-editor Victorian Historical Journal https://scholars.latrobe.edu.au/display/rlbroome Associate Professor Kat Ellinghaus, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University https://scholars.latrobe.edu.au/display/kellinghaus Professor Katie Holmes, FASSA, Director, Centre for the Study of the Inland, La Trobe University https://scholars.latrobe.edu.au/display/kbholmes Professor Emerita Marian Quartly, FFAHS, Monash University https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/marian-quartly Professor Andrew May, Department of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne https://www.findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/display/person13351 Emeritus Professor John Rickard, FAHA, FRHSV, Monash University https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/john-rickard Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Australian Art in Intercultural Contact Zones
    Coolabah, Vol.3, 2009, ISSN 1988-5946 Observatori: Centre d’Estudis Australians, Australian Studies Centre, Universitat de Barcelona Indigenous Australian art in intercultural contact zones Eleonore Wildburger Copyright ©2009 Eleanore Wildburger. This text may be archived and redistributed both in electronic form and in hard copy, provided that the author and journal are properly cited and no fee is charged Abstract: This article comments on Indigenous Australian art from an intercultural perspective. The painting Bush Tomato Dreaming (1998), by the Anmatyerre artist Lucy Ngwarai Kunoth serves as model case for my argument that art expresses existential social knowledge. In consequence, I will argue that social theory and art theory together provide tools for intercultural understanding and competence. Keywords: Indigenous Australian art and social theory. Introduction Indigenous Australian artworks sell well on national and international art markets. Artists like Emily Kngwarreye, Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, Kathleen Petyarre are renowned representatives of what has become an exquisite art movement with international appreciation. Indigenous art is currently the strongest sector of Australia's art industry, with around 6,000 artists producing art and craft works with an estimated value of more than A$300 million a year. (Senate Committee, 2007: 9-10) At a major Indigenous art auction held in Melbourne in 2000, Johnny Warangkula Tjupurrula's famous painting Water Dreaming at Kalipinypa was sold for a record price of A$ 486,500. Three years before, it was auctioned for A$ 206,000. What did Johnny W. Tjupurrula receive? – just A$ 150 when he sold that painting in 1972. (The Courier Mail, 29 July 2000) The Süddeutsche Zeitung (06 September 2005) reports that Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri received A$ 100 for his painting Emu Corroboree Man in 1972.
    [Show full text]
  • Housing Roundtable 13 May 2009 Notes
    Brotherhood of St Laurence and Good Shepherd Youth & Family Services Housing Roundtable 13 May 2009 Brotherhood of St Laurence &Good Shepherd Youth & Family Services Housing Roundtable 13 May 2009 notes Attendance: Brian Howe (chair), Chair of the Disability Housing Trust, DHS & Professorial Associate, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne Speakers & respondents: Richard Wynne MP (speaker), Minister for Housing, Local Government & Aboriginal Affairs Julian Disney (speaker), Professor & Director, Social Justice Project, Faculty of Law, UNSW Kate Colvin (respondent), Policy and Public Affairs Manager, VCOSS Michael Lennon (respondent), CEO, Housing Choices Australia Tony Dalton (respondent), Professor of Urban & Social Policy, Global Studies, Social Science & Planning, RMIT University Participants: Peter Andrews, Housing Manager, Social Housing Victoria Toby Archer, Policy & Liaison, Tenants Union Victoria Jane Barnes, Manager, Adult Services, Salvation Army Tony Barnett, Research & Policy Manager, Brotherhood of St Laurence Fr Joe Caddy, CEO, Centacare Melbourne Julia Canty-Waldron, General Manager, Client Services, HomeGround Chris Chamberlain, Assoc. Professor & Director, Centre for Applied Social Research, RMIT Ray Cleary, CEO, Anglicare Victoria Margaret Crawford, Director of Housing and Executive Director Housing and Community Building, DHS Mark Dall, Director National Building & Jobs Planning, DHS Preeti Daga, Community Housing Ltd Erica Flentje, A/Manager, Research & Policy, Hanover Welfare Services Greg Flynn, General
    [Show full text]
  • Dates Worth Noting
    CCAREER MAILBOX Thursday 5th May 2016 DATES WORTH NOTING News from the University of Melbourne Engineering & I T Programs for School Students The University of Melbourne offers a range of exciting opportunities for secondary school students to visit Parkville campus and experience Engineering & IT. Some of these programs include – Hands on Computing Find out what computing and information systems study involves and the careers that can follow, through this interactive day long program. No particular computer skills are required except for an inquisitive and creative mind! Students will also have the opportunity to meet with academics and current students. Date: Tuesday 28 June 2016 Time: 9.00am – 3.30pm Hands on Engineering Hands on Engineering is a day-long program, for Year 10 students who are interested in mathematics and science, providing hands on experience in a variety of fun activities and workshops to learn about the different fields of engineering. Students will also have the opportunity to tour the campus and meet with academics and current students. Date: Thursday 30 June 2016 Time: 9.00am – 3.30pm To find out more about either of the above mentioned, and/or to register, visit Engineering & I T Holiday Programs VCA Schools Program – Walks of Art 2016 Aimed at Visual Art students and their teachers, this walking tour will take you around alleyways and into some of the smaller artist-run gallery spaces around Melbourne. Learn more about the contemporary visual art scene in Melbourne, and be inspired! This series of walking tours will be hosted by a VCA final year visual art student.
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Secretary Salazar: I Strongly
    Dear Secretary Salazar: I strongly oppose the Bush administration's illegal and illogical regulations under Section 4(d) and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, which reduce protections to polar bears and create an exemption for greenhouse gas emissions. I request that you revoke these regulations immediately, within the 60-day window provided by Congress for their removal. The Endangered Species Act has a proven track record of success at reducing all threats to species, and it makes absolutely no sense, scientifically or legally, to exempt greenhouse gas emissions -- the number-one threat to the polar bear -- from this successful system. I urge you to take this critically important step in restoring scientific integrity at the Department of Interior by rescinding both of Bush's illegal regulations reducing protections to polar bears. Sarah Bergman, Tucson, AZ James Shannon, Fairfield Bay, AR Keri Dixon, Tucson, AZ Ben Blanding, Lynnwood, WA Bill Haskins, Sacramento, CA Sher Surratt, Middleburg Hts, OH Kassie Siegel, Joshua Tree, CA Sigrid Schraube, Schoeneck Susan Arnot, San Francisco, CA Stephanie Mitchell, Los Angeles, CA Sarah Taylor, NY, NY Simona Bixler, Apo Ae, AE Stephan Flint, Moscow, ID Steve Fardys, Los Angeles, CA Shelbi Kepler, Temecula, CA Kim Crawford, NJ Mary Trujillo, Alhambra, CA Diane Jarosy, Letchworth Garden City,Herts Shari Carpenter, Fallbrook, CA Sheila Kilpatrick, Virginia Beach, VA Kierã¡N Suckling, Tucson, AZ Steve Atkins, Bath Sharon Fleisher, Huntington Station, NY Hans Morgenstern, Miami, FL Shawn Alma,
    [Show full text]
  • Summer on Ice Students Go to Polar Extremes Back to the Future New Chancellor Comes Full Circle Ruapehu Rocks Measuring the Puls
    MAGAZINE FOR FRIENDS AND ALUMNI OF VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON Summer 2002 Summer on ice Students go to polar extremes Back to the future New Chancellor comes full circle Ruapehu rocks Measuring the pulse of the mountain E-text centre Victoria establishes electronic archive Classic pieces An exquisite second century AD golden former member of staff Denise Kalfas, whose earring which once adorned the lobe of a family were world-wide collectors of Greek and wealthy Roman noblewoman is the most Roman artefacts. Under the careful stewardship recent donation to the Classics Museum. The of a succession of Classics staff, most recently earring was donated to the Museum by Ilse Dr Judy Deuling, the collection has been Jacoby, daughter-in-law of renowned German selectively developed to become one of the classicist Felix Jacoby. Ilse and her husband most complete teaching collections held by a Peter emigrated from Germany to New New Zealand university. Zealand in 1938, and over the years formed a It is not just Classics students who benefit strong relationship with the University. from the excellent resource. Drama, Art History, Another recent addition to the collection has Religion and English students also make use of been the purchase of a rare and striking sixth the Museum to gain an insight into particular century BC Kalpis—a Greek vase for pouring aspects of their subjects. “There is much to learn water and wine. By fortune and good timing the from these physical objects to bring alive the vase was acquired from a London dealer and is ancient world, its history, art, literature decorated with a dramatically stylised Octopus.
    [Show full text]
  • January 22, 2020 Director General, Telecommunications and Internet
    Denis Marquis President, Bell Pensioners' Group 1914, rue Cugnet Saint-Bruno de Montarville QC J3V 5H6 Tel.: 450 441-0111 Email: [email protected] January 22, 2020 Director General, Telecommunications and Internet Policy Branch, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, 235 Queen Street, 10th Floor, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H5 Sent via e-mail to: [email protected] Subject: Canada Gazette, Part I, December 14, 2019, Volume 153, Number 10, Notice No. TIPB-002-2019 — Petitions to the Governor in Council concerning Telecom Order CRTC 2019-288 Dear Madam: Attached please find a submission by the Bell Pensioners’ Group (BPG) concerning the above- noted matter. Yours truly, Denis Marquis President, Bell Pensioners’ Group www.bellpensionersgroup.ca Attachment c.c: Hon. Navdeep Bains, P.C., M.P., Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry [email protected] Hon. Deb Schulte, P.C., M.P., Minister of Seniors [email protected] Attachment Canada Gazette, Part I, December 14, 2019, Volume 153, Number 10, Notice No. TIPB-002-2019 — Petitions to the Governor in Council concerning Telecom Order CRTC 2019-288 Comments of the Bell Pensioners’ Group In accordance with Gazette Notice No. TIPB-002-2019, the Bell Pensioners’ Group (BPG) is pleased to provide this submission in support of a petition to the Governor in Council by Bell Canada seeking a variation of a decision issued by the Canadian Radio-television and Tele- communications Commission (CRTC) concerning final rates for aggregated wholesale high- speed internet access services. This CRTC decision requires that facilities-based competitors like Bell Canada (Bell) allow use of their state-of-the-art communications networks by resale- based competitors at substantially reduced prices that are, in the case of Bell, below its costs incurred to build those networks.
    [Show full text]
  • 大洋洲oceania 學校university 迪肯大學deakin University 國家country 澳洲australia 學校簡介introduction As
    大洋洲 Oceania 學校 迪肯大學 國家 澳洲 University Deakin University Country Australia As one of Australia's leading tertiary education providers, Deakin offers a personalised experience enhanced by world-class programs and innovative digital engagement. We lead by creating opportunities to live and work in a connected, evolving world. With four outstanding campuses in Melbourne, Geelong and Warrnambool, and a premium online learning platform that exceeds any other in Australia, all 60,000 of our students enjoy unlimited access to world-leading facilities and a friendly, welcoming atmosphere – regardless of whether they're studying on campus or online. We also have 學校簡介 Introduction corporate and learning centres that provide meeting, study and event spaces to both students and the communities we serve. Our passionate academic staff, leadership personnel, administrative staff and researchers make up our rich, vibrant and productive community across four faculties and 14 schools. The University upholds a strong governance system that delivers high standards of decision- making and accountability. This ensures our courses, research and community engagement continues to meet and exceed the highest standards of quality. 秋季 Fall Semester 春季 Spring Semester 學期制度 Academic July to October March - June Calendar Application deadline : Application deadline : 10 April 2022 30 October 2022 交換人數 交換資格 Both undergraduate & 2 FTE Quota Eligibility postgraduate https://policy.deakin.edu.au /document/view- 註冊繳費 Exempted 語言條件 current.php?id=161&_ga=2. Tuition Fee NA for
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Times of the Remarkable Alf Pollard
    1 FROM FARMBOY TO SUPERSTAR: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF THE REMARKABLE ALF POLLARD John S. Croucher B.A. (Hons) (Macq) MSc PhD (Minn) PhD (Macq) PhD (Hon) (DWU) FRSA FAustMS A dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Technology, Sydney Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences August 2014 2 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Signature of Student: Date: 12 August 2014 3 INTRODUCTION Alf Pollard’s contribution to the business history of Australia is as yet unwritten—both as a biography of the man himself, but also his singular, albeit often quiet, achievements. He helped to shape the business world in which he operated and, in parallel, made outstanding contributions to Australian society. Cultural deprivation theory tells us that people who are working class have themselves to blame for the failure of their children in education1 and Alf was certainly from a low socio-economic, indeed extremely poor, family. He fitted such a child to the letter, although he later turned out to be an outstanding counter-example despite having no ‘built-in’ advantage as he not been socialised in a dominant wealthy culture.
    [Show full text]