Program for the Stud,. of German,. and Europe Working Paper Series #7.6 Recent Changes in European Welfare State Services: A Comparison of Child Care Politics in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, and the Netherlands· by Jet Bussemaker , Faculty of Social & Cultural Sciences Dept. of Political Science & Public Administration/Gender Studies Vrije Universiteit. Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1081c 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands M.
[email protected] Abstract This paper examines recent policies and politics of services, in particular child care services in European welfare states. It is argued that social (care) services are becoming an increasingly political issue in postindustrial societies and are at the very center of welfare-state restructuring. Some countries have recently developed new policy pro grams for child care-but there are important differences among these programs. To understand these differences as well as some common features, the paper argues that it is necessary to examine the institutional organization of child care and short-term political factors as well as the rationales articulated in political debates to support or im pede various policies. The paper concludes that a comprehensive system of child care provisions is still far off in most countries, despite a rhetoric of choice and postindustrial care and labor-market patterns. ·This working paper was written while I was a viseing scholar at the Center for European Studies, Harvard University. Almost all West European welfare states have been confronted by mounting new phenomena since the late 1970s, such as the withering away of the policy-informing idea of "full employ ment for all," growing female labor-market participation, demographic change (aging, fertili ty), increasing social differentiation (living-arrangements, migration), and the growing influ ence of European integration on domestic policy-to mention just some problems.