DOCSLIB.ORG

All on Board: Making Inclusive Growth Happen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
All on Board: Making Inclusive Growth Happen This document is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. *** This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. *** The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. *** Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2014 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. ALL ON BOARD MAKING INCLUSIVE GROWTH HAPPEN This report was prepared by the OECD Secretariat, with support from the Ford Foundation, as a contribution to the OECD Inclusive Growth Initiative. The OECD Initiative on Inclusive Growth is a multidimensional project which aims to identify and better understand policies that can deliver improvements in living standards and in outcomes that matter for people’s quality of life (e.g. good health, jobs and skills, clean environment, efficient institutions). It contributes to the OECD initiative on “New Approaches to Economic Challenges” (NAEC), an organisation-wide reflection process that was launched at the 2012 OECD Ministerial Council Meeting (MCM) with the objective to catalyse a process of continuous improvement of the organisation’s analytical frameworks and advice. www.oecd.org/inclusive-growth FOREWORD This report could not have come at a more crucial moment. A hesitant recovery from the financial and economic crisis, widening income gaps between rich and poor, and high unemployment in the mature economies have raised awareness about the need to restore growth and at the same time make sure that the dividends of greater prosperity are shared more evenly across society. In many emerging- market economies and developing countries, robust growth and the increased affluence that comes with it often have not delivered inclusive prosperity, economic opportunity, and better social indicators for all. It is important to make clear that when we talk about inequality, we must talk about more than income. Employment prospects, job quality, health outcomes, education, and opportunities to build wealth over time matter for people’s well-being and are heavily determined by their socio-economic status. Those who are shut out of opportunity often live shorter lives and find it difficult to break away from a vicious confluence of poor educational opportunities, low skills and limited employment prospects. They also are far more likely to be exposed to environmental hazards and violence, both of which can impair brain functioning in powerful, long-lasting ways, making it harder to succeed. The result is an uneven economic patchwork, where regions within countries and neighbourhoods within cities prosper while others fall farther behind. Moreover, there is growing evidence that inequality is harmful to everyone in society and that greater social and economic inclusion is strongly associated with longer and stronger periods of sustained economic growth. Against this background the OECD and the Ford Foundation have joined forces to contribute to the policy debate about Inclusive Growth. The OECD’s work on well-being (How is Life?), income inequality (Growing Unequal? and Divided we Stand), structural policy reform (Going for Growth), development (Perspectives on Global Development: Social Cohesion in a Shifting World) and institutions (Governance at a Glance) all provide a solid foundation for understanding the relationship between growth and inclusiveness. All on Board: Making Inclusive Growth Happen takes a comprehensive approach to examining growth, looking beyond traditional monetary indicators to dimensions that reflect the quality of life of all participants in an economy. Indeed, the report begins by detailing the various dimensions of inequality that affect people’s well-being. It goes on to formalise the notion of multidimensional living standards in an analytical tool based on the OECD Framework for Inclusive Growth that allows policy makers to measure growth in ways that incorporate these important factors that affect people’s lives and well-being. The report goes on to discuss win-win policies that can deliver stronger growth and greater inclusiveness in areas such as macroeconomic policies, labour market policies, education and skills, competition and product market regulation, innovation and entrepreneurship, financial markets, infrastructure and public services, and development and urban policies. One clear-cut lesson from the report is that investing in the education and skills of people at the bottom of the distribution will pay long-term dividends for the economy and enhance individual well-being. Moreover, complementing structural policies with place-based approaches to tackling inequalities will help advance both equity and growth objectives on the ground in cities and metropolitan regions. It is our hope that the report will provide a foundation for further exploration of circumstances where inclusion enhances economic growth. 1 The political economy of Inclusive Growth also features prominently in the report. Socio- economic inequalities often carry over to the policy-making and political arenas. It is therefore important to ensure that all social groups have a voice in the policy-making process, to help shape policies that reflect their realities and aspirations and those of the communities they represent. Pursuing decentralisation, developing new forms of collaborative and participatory governance, and exploiting new technologies with open data and transparency can help governments actively engage with stakeholders and foster more inclusive policy design and implementation. Our hope is that the analysis and the policy lessons contained in this report will help change the conversation on growth and find practical application in the policies adopted by governments around the world. Together they are a first step toward building a new approach to economic growth, one that encompasses the many different factors that shape the lives of real people. The OECD and the Ford Foundation will continue to work to promote better policies and their effective implementation to achieve Inclusive Growth. Angel Gurria Darren Walker OECD Secretary General President of the Ford Foundation 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................................. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 8 CHAPTER 1. THE MANY DIMENSIONS OF INEQUALITYAND POVERTY ...................................... 17 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 17 1.1. Income inequalities and poverty ......................................................................................................... 17 Widening income inequalities: a global trend? ...................................................................................... 17 GDP growth and income inequality ....................................................................................................... 22 What about the middle-class? ................................................................................................................ 22 Inequality and poverty ........................................................................................................................... 23 1.2. The jobs divide: inequality in labour market outcomes ...................................................................... 28 Trends in the labour markets matter for inclusiveness ........................................................................... 28 Out of jobs: who are affected? ............................................................................................................... 28 Jobs do not always expand horizons ...................................................................................................... 33 Deterioration in job quality ................................................................................................................ 33 The working poor ............................................................................................................................... 34 1.3. Education and skills ...........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Skills Development for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth in Eds
    19 Sarvi Technical and Vocational Education and Training: Issues, Concerns and Prospects 19 Maclean · Jagannathan Technical and Vocational Education and Training: Rupert Maclean · Shanti Jagannathan · Jouko Sarvi Editors Issues, Concerns and Prospects 19 Skills Development for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth in Eds. Developing Asia-Pacifi c Focusing on the Asia-Pacifi c region, which in recent years has been the engine of global economic growth, this volume surveys trends and prospects in technical and vocational Rupert Maclean education and training (TVET) with particular reference to achieving inclusive growth and the greening of economies. Underlying the increasing pressure for new models of TVET provision is the rapid pace of technological change, demand for a work force Shanti Jagannathan which is highly responsive to evolving needs and a transforming market place that calls for higher order skills and lifelong learning. Th e book proposes a re-engineered, Jouko Sarvi Editors modernized TVET system that fosters an innovative approach which enhances the employability of workers as well as the sustainability of their livelihoods. Th e book includes contributions from leading policy makers, researchers, and practi- tioners, including those in the private sector in analyzing and forecasting the most ur- gent priorities in skills development. Th e book argues for creative approaches to TVET 1 design and delivery particularly with a view to improving job prospects, and meeting Skills Development the goals of inclusion, sustainable development and social cohesion. Addressing issues such as the chronic mismatches between skills acquired and actual skills required in the work place, the volume proposes diversifi ed approaches towards workforce develop- Asia-Pacific in Developing Sustainable Growth and for Inclusive Skills Development ment and partnerships with the private sector to improve the quality and relevance of for Inclusive and skills development.
    [Show full text]
  • Fostering Inclusive Growth & Promoting Intergenerational Equity
    UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC United Nations Building, Ratchadamnoen Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Fostering Inclusive Growth & Promoting Intergenerational Equity in an Ageing Asia-Pacific _________________________________ Manuel Mejido Costoya Unpublished report prepared for the Social Development Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), Bangkok, Thailand January 2016 Mejido Costoya January 2016 Contents Chapter 1 The Greying of Asia-Pacific 1 Population ageing is rapidly transforming the 2 region Population ageing will pose important 9 challenges to inclusive growth and social equity Demography is not destiny 16 Between breadth and depth 17 Structure of the report 19 Chapter 2 Economic repercussions 20 Countries in the region face different 21 demographic and economic scenarios The intergenerational economy provides crucial 25 insight into the lifecycle needs of older persons How countries reallocate resources to meet the lifecycle needs of older persons varies along the 31 demographic transition The two demographic dividends provide opportunities to achieve sustained growth and 42 greater intergenerational equity Stocktaking 48 Chapter 3 Implications for social protection 49 Social protection is essential for inclusive 50 growth and intergenerational equity Social investments must better target the 55 lifecycle needs of older persons 2 Mejido Costoya January 2016 Disparities between breadth and depth of coverage will
    [Show full text]
  • Competition and Regulation for Inclusive Growth in Southern Africa
    THE CHAPTERS COLLECTED IN THIS VOLUME address key issues of competition Inclusive Growth in Southern Africa Competition and Regulation for and economic regulation in Southern and East Africa with reference to regional value chains and industries. The contributions locate international debates on competition and corporate power in the critical issue of inclusive growth. There is a particular focus on shaping regional energy markets in order to take into account the implications of climate change as well as the challenges of extending access to affordable energy to low income edited by households and small businesses. Jonathan Klaaren, The book is a critical assessment of the efficacy of the competition and economic regulation framework. Several contributions review the impact of the competition authorities in the Simon Roberts & region and survey the impact of particular interventions in the competition and economic regulation arena. This volume thus accomplishes two hitherto-unfulfilled tasks: examining Imraan Valodia in a single framework both competition and economic regulation and taking a Southern/ East African view in examining these two topics. This book should be widely read since competition and regulation are both distinct but crucial and linked areas of knowledge for the development of the economies of the countries of Southern and East Africa. It provides specific and concrete policy recommendations while also exploring the role of regulatory control in achieving various economic growth Competition and objectives. The book responds to the clear need in the field of competition and economic regulation to develop a body of Africa-based knowledge and literature which originates from the Regulation for experiences of countries in the region rather than an exclusive reliance on international precedent and learnings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Happiness and Economic Development in KSA: Study of Jazan Region
    The Business and Management Review, Volume 9 Number 1 July 2017 The relationship between happiness and economic development in KSA: Study of Jazan Region Hanaa Abdelaty Hasan Esmail College of Business Administration Jazan University, KSA. Theba Academy, Cairo, Egypt Nedra Nouredeen Jomaa Shili College of Business Administration Jazan University, KSA. PS2D Laboratory, Tunis El Manar Key words Happiness, SWB, Jazan, Economic Development, Survey Abstract: It is generally assumed that happiness is a major source of motivation. Though economic growth remains the main goal of all nations, nowadays a society with happy people is an objective to aim at. From this raises the issue of the relationship between happiness and economic growth. In this paper, researchers try to find how people’s happiness influences GDP and economic development. But before that they focused on the question of how happiness is achieved. In order to do so, we start by directly asking Jazan’s habitants through a survey about the source of their subjective well-being and what themselves say about what makes them happy. Then how do these sources of happiness influence their economic performance and participation in GDP growth. The sample’s answers have been formed according to the quintuple likert scale. We used the statistical technique of Cronbach’s Alpha to measure the credibility of the sample’s answers. Researchers used the analytical descriptive methodology in order to analyze all collected data. Results show that social factors are the most important factors drivers of happiness and therefore influencing positively individual’s contribution in economic development of Jazan region. However, economic factors and political factors show that social factors are the main sources of happiness for our sample leading to a better economic development.
    [Show full text]
  • Oecd Workshop on Inclusive Growth
    OECD WORKSHOP ON INCLUSIVE GROWTH 3 APRIL 2013 OECD CONFERENCE CENTRE PROCEEDINGS 0 TOGETHER WE STAND OECD Inclusive Growth Initiative Caitlin, we need here to insert the quotes that were displayed at the conference. The one of the SG is too long as compared to the one of Luis, better to put the two previous ones We now know what doesn’t work. And we have a pretty clear idea of what can be done in order to fix it. And more and more of what we could have or should have done to make the problem less acute – less long lasting. The question of inclusiveness, inequality, opportunities, looking after the most vulnerable is something that we did not put enough attention on. That is part of the Aqui. The OECD has an almost magic ability to bring fact to issues and to fight for better policies for better lives. In some ways it is the world’s largest social justice organisation. – Angel Gurria, OECD Secretary-General ANGEL GURRIA, SECRETARY- GENERAL, OECD “If we are serious about creating lasting prosperity and security, we need a smarter and more sustainable approach to growth—one that taps the potential of everyone to contribute to society and build a better future”. Luis Ubiñas, President, Ford Foundation LUIS UBINAS, PRESIDENT, FORD FOUNDATION 1 CONTENTS AGENDA .............................................................................................................. 5 SPEECHES .......................................................................................................... 9 DRAFT PROCEEDINGS .............................................................................. 15 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 15 DEFINING AND MEASURING INCLUSIVE GROWTH ..................... 16 TOWARDS A ROADMAP FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH POLICIES 20 TOWARDS A ROADMAP FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH POLICIES 24 IMPLEMENTING CHANGE AND ENSURING BUY-IN ..................... 26 GOING FORWARD TOGETHER..............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Inclusive Growth: Challenges and Policies, REFORMS GROWTH INCLUSIVE OECD Publishing
    Promoting Inclusive Growth CHALLENGES AND POLICIES Contents Executive summary Chapter 1. The political economy of inclusive growth by Mushtaq H. Khan Chapter 2. Finance, regulation and inclusive growth by Ross Levine Chapter 3. Individualised service provision and the new welfare state: Are there lessons from Northern Europe for developing countries? Promoting Inclusive by Charles Sabel Growth Chapter 4. Making green sources of growth more inclusive by Sjak Smulders CHALLENGES AND POLICIES Chapter 5. Fiscal democracy or why sound fiscal policy, budget consolidation and inclusive growth require fewer, not more, attempts to control the future Edited by Luiz de Mello and Mark A. Dutz by C. Eugene Steuerle INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCT Chapter 6. Sequencing public interventions to support techno-entrepreneurship STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCL by Morris Teubal STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INC Chapter 7. Competitionand and Yevgeny innovation-driven Kuznetsov inclusive growth INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCT by INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUC Mark A. Dutz, Ioannis N. Kessides, Stephen D. O’Connell Growth Inclusive Promoting STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCL Chapter 8. How do you make growth more inclusive? STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INC by William R. White INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCT INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUCTURAL REFORMS INCLUSIVE GROWTH STRUC and Robert D.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure for Supporting Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction in Asia
    Infrastructure for Supporting Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction in Asia in Asia Reduction and Poverty Growth Inclusive Supporting for Infrastructure This publication summarizes the papers and presentations in Workshops on Economics of Infrastructure in a Globalized World, funded by the Asian Development Bank through a regional technical assistance project. Infrastructure for The discussions at the conferences focused on three themes: (i) the role of infrastructure in supporting inclusive growth and poverty reduction; (ii) the need for appropriate soft infrastructure, including the policy environment Supporting Inclusive and regulatory institutions; and (iii) the potential for public and private partnerships in infrastructure provision. Each theme elaborates the premise Growth and Poverty that extensive, efficient infrastructure services are essential drivers of economic growth and sustainable poverty reduction. Reduction in Asia About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.8 billion people who live on less than $2 a day, with 903 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. ISBN 978-92-9092-616-0 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines www.adb.org 9 789290 926160 Printed on recycled paper Printed in the Philippines Infra-Cover.indd 1 02-04-2012 7:22:55 AM Infrastructure for Supporting Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction in Asia © 2012 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • The Framework for Policy Action on Inclusive Growth
    Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level Paris, 30-31 May 2018 THE FRAMEWORK FOR POLICY ACTION ON INCLUSIVE GROWTH This document is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD and does not necessarily reflect This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, the official views of OECD Members. to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The Framework for Policy Action on Inclusive Growth 2 │ Contents Part I. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 6 1. Main trends ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1. The global upswing provides an opportunity to set the foundations for sustainable growth that benefits all ............................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2. Opportunities for low-income groups are worsening ................................................................... 7 1.3. There is scope to improve business dynamism ............................................................................. 8 1.4. Digitalisation has not yet materialised into broad-based productivity growth ............................. 9 1.5. High levels of inequality have negatively affected
    [Show full text]
  • The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017
    Insight Report The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017 January 2017 Contents The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017 is published by the World Economic Forum. Preface v by Richard Samans Executive Summary vii Richard Samans Member of the Managing Board Part 1: Inclusive Growth and Development Jennifer Blanke Chief Economist Rising to the Challenge of Inclusive Growth 01 and Development Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz by Richard Samans, Jennifer Blanke, Gemma Corrigan, Head of Global Competitiveness and Risks Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz Gemma Corrigan Practice Lead, Economic Growth and Social Inclusion Initiative Part 2: Data Presentation 47 2.1 Selected Country Summaries 48 2.2 Inclusive Development Index 60 We thank Madhur Singh and Andrew Wright for their editing work and Human After All, Moritz Stefaner and Tim Bruce (Lowercase, Inc.) for their excellent graphic design and layout. 2.3 National Dashboard of Key Performance Indicators 72 The terms “country” and “nation” as used in this Report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The terms cover well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be 2.4 Policy and Institutional Indicators 78 states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis. 2.5 How to Read a Country Profile1 86 World Economic Forum Geneva Part 3: Methodology and Acknowledgements 92 Copyright © 2017 Methodology of the Benchmarking 92 by the World Economic Forum Framework on Inclusive Growth and Development All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by Technical Notes and Sources 102 any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the World Economic Forum.
    [Show full text]