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HUANGLONGBING E Diaphorina Citri: ESTUDOS DAS RELAÇÕES PATÓGENO-VETOR-HOSPEDEIRO

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HUANGLONGBING E Diaphorina Citri: ESTUDOS DAS RELAÇÕES PATÓGENO-VETOR-HOSPEDEIRO UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP CAMPUS DE JABOTICABAL HUANGLONGBING E Diaphorina citri: ESTUDOS DAS RELAÇÕES PATÓGENO-VETOR-HOSPEDEIRO Juan Camilo Cifuentes Arenas Engenheiro Agrônomo 2017 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP CAMPUS DE JABOTICABAL HUANGLONGBING E Diaphorina citri: ESTUDOS DAS RELAÇÕES PATÓGENO-VETOR-HOSPEDEIRO Juan Camilo Cifuentes Arenas Orientador: Dr. Silvio Aparecido Lopes Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) 2017 Arenas, Juan Camilo Cifuentes A681h Huanglongbing e Diaphorina citri: estudos das relações patógeno- vetor-hospedeiro / Juan Camilo Cifuentes Arenas. – – Jaboticabal, 2017 xii, 133 p. : il. ; 29 cm Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2017 Orientador: Silvio Aparecido Lopes Banca examinadora: António de Góes, Glauco de Souza Rolim, Renato Beozzo Bassanezi, Alécio Souza Moreira Bibliografia 1. Citrus sinensis. 2. Fenologia. 3. Porta-enxertos. I. Título. II. Jaboticabal-Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias. CDU 581.2:634.31 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Seção Técnica de Aquisição e Tratamento da Informação – Diretoria Técnica de Biblioteca e Documentação - UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. DADOS CURRICULARES DO AUTOR JUAN CAMILO CIFUENTES ARENAS – nascido em 09 de setembro de 1985, no município de Turbo – Antioquia (Colômbia). Iniciou o curso de graduação em Engenharia Agronômica, em agosto de 2003, na Universidad Nacional de Colombia na cidade de Medellín – Antioquia, concluindo-o em março de 2012. Durante a graduação atuou durante 4 anos como Estudante Monitor Auxiliar no Centro de Produção Audiovisual da mesma Universidade, dando assistência como cinegrafista e editor de conteudos audiovisuais emitidos no “Canal Universitário de Antioquia – Canal U –“. Seu trabalho de conclusão de curso intitulado “Efecto del uso de biofertilizantes en la fisiologia del cultivo del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris)” recebeu reconhecimento à excelência no concurso “Mejores Trabajos de Grado versión XXI”. Em julho de 2012 começou trabalhar como Auxiliar de pesquisa no projeto “Identificación de la dinámica poblacional de Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) en los cultivos de cítricos de Colombia: una herramienta para implementar un sistema piloto de seguimiento de poblaciones del insecto vector del HLB”, um projeto pioneiro que foi desenvolvido durante um ano. Já em agosto de 2013 ingressou no curso de mestrado junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (UNESP - Jaboticabal), sendo bolsista CNPq, mas em agosto de 2015 foi aprovada a sua transferência para o Doutorado Direto na mesma instituição, sendo bolsista CAPES. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha família que sempre esteve presente nos momentos de alegrias e tristezas, mesmo a milhares de quilômetros, sendo o meu suporte. Ao Brasil pela oportunidade que tive de realizar meus estudos graças ao grande investimento que fazem em educação e pesquisa, estarei eternamente agradecido. Ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Silvio Aparecido Lopes, pela confiança depositada, pelos ensinamentos recebidos, pelo incentivo e amizade. À UNESP/Jaboticabal, ao atual coordenador Prof. Dr. Rouverson Pereira da Silva e ao ex-coordenador Prof. Dr. Arthur Bernardes e demais professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) pelo aperfeiçoamento e formação acadêmica. Aos funcionários da Seção de Pós-Graduação pela disponibilidade no atendimento e informações prestadas. Aos meus amigos Laudecir, Fernanda Queiróz, Priscila Alves, Hermes Teixeira, Everton e Luís, por me ajudarem na realização deste trabalho de doutorado e pela companhia e amizade... muito obrigado. À CAPES e ao CNPq pela concessão das bolsas. Ao FUNDECITRUS pelo apoio financeiro e técnico, fundamentais ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Muito obrigado a todos. vi SUMÁRIO RESUMO..................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. xi CAPÍTULO 1 – Considerações gerais ....................................................................... 1 1. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA .................................................................................. 1 1.1. Os citros e a citricultura brasileira ................................................................... 1 1.2. Huanglongbing (HLB) ...................................................................................... 3 1.2.1. Os patógenos associados ........................................................................ 3 1.2.2. Processo infeccioso, efeitos na planta e manejo da doença .................... 5 1.3. Bioecologia de Diaphorina ciri Kuwayama ...................................................... 7 1.4. Ecofisiologia dos citros e modelos de crescimento ......................................... 8 2. REFERÊNCIAS ................................................................................................... 11 CAPÍTULO 2 – Potencial de Swinglea glutinosa como criadouro de Diaphorina citri e fonte de Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ................................................. 21 RESUMO.................................................................................................................... 21 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ 22 1. INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................... 23 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .................................................................................... 25 2.1. Material vegetal e criação do inseto .............................................................. 25 2.2. Extração e quantificação de DNA de material vegetal e de inseto ................ 26 2.3. Experimento 1: Potencial de Swinglea glutinosa e de algumas variedades de laranjeira doce e de limoeiro ‘Siciliano’ em atuar como hospedeiro de Diaphorina citri ...................................................................................................................... 28 2.4. Experimento 2: Potencial de Swinglea glutinosa, Murraya exotica e laranjeira ‘Valência’ em multiplicar ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ .................................. 29 2.5. Experimento 3: Potencial de Swinglea glutinosa, Murraya exotica e laranjeira ‘Valência’ em atuar como fonte de inóculo .............................................................. 30 2.6. Avaliações e análise dos dados .................................................................... 30 3. RESULTADOS .................................................................................................... 32 4. DISCUSSÃO ........................................................................................................ 40 5. REFERÊNCIAS ................................................................................................... 44 vii CHAPTER 3 – Citrus Flush Shoot Ontogeny Modulates Biotic Potential of Diaphorina citri ......................................................................................................... 50 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ 50 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 51 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS ............................................................................... 53 3. RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 57 4. DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................... 65 5. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 69 RESUMO.................................................................................................................... 77 CAPÍTULO 4 – Degree-day model for estimating flush shoot ontogeny in Valencia sweet orange and scheduling insecticide sprays to control Diaphorina citri ..... 79 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ 79 1. INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................... 81 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .................................................................................... 84 2.1. Material vegetal, adequação das plantas e descrição dos ambientes .......... 84 2.2. Experimento 1: desenvolvimento do broto em câmaras de crescimento ...... 85 2.3. Experimento 2: desenvolvimento do broto em plantas no campo e influência do déficit hídrico ...................................................................................................... 86 2.4. Graus dia de desenvolvimento (GDD)........................................................... 86 2.5. Validação dos resultados .............................................................................. 87 2.6. Proposta de modelo geral aplicação de medidas de proteção dos brotos .... 87 2.7. Análise dos dados ......................................................................................... 89 3. RESULTADOS ...................................................................................................
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