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Interactive Reader and Study Guide Holt California Social Studies World History Medieval to Early Modern Times 55261_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd261_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd i 22/1/05/1/05 22:59:17:59:17 PPMM Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any informa- tion storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Teachers using HOLT SOCIAL STUDIES: WORLD HISTORY may photocopy complete pages in sufficient quantities for classroom use only and not for resale. HOLT and the “Owl Design” are trademarks licensed to Holt, Rinehart and Winston, registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions. Printed in the United States of America If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Holt, Rinehart and Winston retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format. ISBN 0-03-042154-3 2 3 4 5 6 7 082 08 07 06 66185_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd185_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd iiii 44/25/06/25/06 77:08:04:08:04 PMPM Contents How to Use This Book . iv Section 9 . 62 Section 9 . 64 Chapter 1 Studying the Ancient World Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 1 Chapter 10 The Later Middle Ages Section 1 . 2 Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 66 Section 1 . 4 Section 10 . 67 Section 10 . 69 Chapter 2 The Fall of Rome Section 10 . 71 Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 6 Section 10 . 73 Section 2 . 7 Section 10 . 75 Section 2 . 9 Section 2 . 11 Chapter 11 The Renaissance Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 77 Chapter 3 The Rise of Islam Section 11 . 78 Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 13 Section 11 . 80 Section 3 . 14 Section 11 . 82 Section 3 . 16 Section 3 . 18 Chapter 12 The Reformation of Christianity Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 84 Chapter 4 The Spread of Islam Section 12 . 85 Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 20 Section 12 . 87 Section 4 . 21 Section 12 . 89 Section 4 . 23 Section 4 . 25 Chapter 13 The Scientific Revolution Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 91 Chapter 5 Early West African Societies Section 13 . 92 Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 27 Section 13 . 94 Section 5 . 28 Section 13 . 96 Section 5 . 30 Chapter 14 The Early Americas Chapter 6 West African Empires Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 98 Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 32 Section 14.1 . 99 Section 6 . 33 Section 14.2 . 101 Section 6 . 35 Section 14.3 . 103 Section 6 . 37 Section 6 . 39 Chapter 15 The Aztec and Inca Empires Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 105 Chapter 7 China Section 15 . 106 Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 41 Section 15 . 108 Section 7 . 42 Section 15 . 110 Section 7 . 44 Section 15 . 112 Section 7 . 46 Section 7 . 48 Chapter 16 The Age of Exploration Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 114 Chapter 8 Japan Section 16 . 115 Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 50 Section 16 . 117 Section 8 . 51 Section 16 . 119 Section 8 . 53 Section 8 . 55 Chapter 17 Enlightenment and Revolution Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 121 Chapter 9 The Early Middle Ages Section 17 . 122 Chapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 57 Section 17 . 124 Section 9 . 58 Section 17 . 126 Section 9 . 60 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. iii Interactive Reader and Study Guide 77857_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd857_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd iiiiii 66/30/08/30/08 33:03:37:03:37 PMPM How to Use This Book The Interactive Reader and Study Guide was developed to help you get the most from your world history course. Using this book will help you master the content of the course while developing your reading and vocabulary skills. Reviewing the next few pages before getting started will make you aware of the many useful features of this book. Chapter Summary pages help you connect with the big picture, and help to keep you focused on the California History–Social Science Standards. History–Social Science Standards keep you focused on the objectives you are expected to master. Name Class Date Chapter 2 The Fall of Rome HISTORY–SOCIAL SCIENCE STANDARDS HSS 7.1 Students analyze the causes and effects of the vast expansion and ultimate disintegration of the Roman Empire. Analysis Skill HSS HI 4 Recognize the role of chance, oversight, and error in history. CHAPTER SUMMARY Tables of Similarities and Differences in the Roman Empire Graphic organizers help you to Western Empire Eastern Empire summarize each chapter. When you Capital Constantinople have completed these organizers, Religious leaders popes and bishops they will provide a valuable study Political leaders emperor Date of fall 476 tool to help you prepare for Conquered by Ottoman Turks important tests. COMPREHENSION AND CRITICAL THINKING Use the answers to the following questions to fill in the graphic organizer above. 1. Explain Why was the Roman Empire divided into the east and the west? Name the capitals of each empire. 2. Identify Cause and Effect Which groups conquered the western empire? When did the eastern empire fall? 3. Evaluate How did the religious leaders and political leaders of the eastern empire differ from those in the western empire? 4. Draw a Conclusion Would you have rather lived in the eastern empire or the Answering each question will western empire? Explain your answer. help you complete the graphic organizer and ensure that you fully Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 6 Interactive Reader and Study Guide comprehend the content from the chapter. 7857_IntActReaderSG_Ch02.indd 6 6/26/08 12:57:21 PM Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. iv Interactive Reader and Study Guide 77857_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd857_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd iviv 66/26/08/26/08 33:04:58:04:58 PMPM Section Summary pages allow you to interact with the content and Key Terms from each section with ease. Main Ideas statements from your Calfornia History–Social Science textbook focus your attention as you Standards are repeated on each read the summaries. section page. Name Class Date Chapter 2 The Fall of Rome Section 1 MAIN IDEAS HSS 7.1 1. Leadership and laws helped the Romans Students analyze the causes build a strong empire. and effects of the vast expansion and ultimate 2. Roman advancements in engineering, architecture, art, and philosophy helped disintegration of the Roman shape later civilizations. Empire. 3. Romans helped preserve and spread The Key Terms and Academic Christianity. Vocabulary from the textbook are Key Terms and People provided with their definitions, Augustus first emperor of Rome making studying them easier! citizens people allowed to participate in government aqueducts channels built to carry water from mountains to cities Academic Vocabulary innovation a new idea or way of doing something Section Summary BUILDING THE EMPIRE Headings under each section Between the 700s BC and the 200s AD, Rome grew from a small village to a huge city with over a summary relate to each heading in million inhabitants. Millions more lived in territory controlled by the Romans. the textbook making it easy for you As its territory grew, Rome changed from rule to find the material you need. by kings to a government of elected leaders known as a republic. For hundreds of years, the republic grew strong and powerful. Eventually, however, Underline the phrase that explains the culture of Rome broke down. To restore order, why Rome switched governments from an elected republic to an the Romans changed their government again and empire ruled by a powerful leader. became an empire. An empire is ruled by a powerful leader, who is usually called an emperor. Rome’s first emperor, Augustus, established the emperor’s considerable Simple summaries explain each powers. Some later emperors used this power for Main Idea in a way that is easy to good, while others abused it. The Roman empire’s understand. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 2 7 Interactive Reader and Study Guide 7857_IntActReaderSG_Ch02.indd 7 6/26/08 12:57:22 PM Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. v Interactive Reader and Study Guide 77857_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd857_MSH_IntActReaderSG_FM.indd v 66/26/08/26/08 22:21:46:21:46 PMPM Notes throughout the margins help you to interact with the content and understand the information you are reading. Challenge Activities following each section will bring the material to life and further develop your analysis skills. Name Class Date Be sure to read all notes and answer Section 1, continued all of the questions in the margins! laws protected the rights of Roman citizens, the Why do you think Roman They have been written specifically people allowed to participate in government. citizenship was considered such Citizens had both rights and responsibilities. a great honor? to help you keep track of important Citizenship of Rome was considered a great honor. Sometimes even people of a newly conquered land information. Your answers to these would be granted citizenship as a way of ensuring questions will help you to study for their loyalty to the empire. your tests. ADVANCING CIVILIZATION The Romans made lasting advances in engineering, architecture, art, and philosophy. Engineers built many roads and made other innovations in the infrastructure to make life easier. For example, they Underline one way Roman built aqueducts, channels built to carry water from engineers made life easier for distant mountain ranges into Rome.
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