Basic Geography

• Latitude and Longitude • Hemispheres • Time Zones • Mapping Skills • Rivers Mapping Skills Vocab • Read pages 4-5 • Define the following words in your vocabulary section (stay under Mapping vocab) and include a visual demonstration of the word. – Latitude – Longitude – Hemisphere – Equator (not in yellow but on page 4) Read pages 20-21 and define the following terms: – Prime Meridian- not in yellow but first sentence on page 21 – Time zone Mapping Skills Notes Latitude Longitude Hemisphere Equator Prime Meridian Time Zones Latitude and Longitude • Latitude: lines that run parallel to the Equator measuring distance north or south of the Equator • Longitude: lines that run from the north pole to the south pole measuring distance from the Prime Meridian equator

• Line of latitude 0 degrees • Equal distance from both poles Prime meridian

• 0 degrees longitude, runs through greenwich, England • Line from which all other lines of longitude are measured from • Where you start counting hours hemisphere

• Half of the earth • Northern or southern as divided by the equator • Eastern or western as divided by the prime meridian Student’s drawing: latitude, longitude, equator, prime meridian (label the coordinates where it falls), hemisphere International date line • 180 degrees longitude • Opposite of the prime meridian • Where each new day starts • To the left you lose a day, to http://www.youtube.com the right you /watch?v=LBuMVsUvaA gain a day 8 Time Zone • Area of the earth that follow the same definition of time • Region that shares the same time of day, usually one hour earlier than the next zone to the west • Changes 1 hour every 15 degrees longitude – 2:00a.m. means it is the middle of the night everywhere

Kinds of Maps

• Political- shows boundaries of states, countries, continents, bodies of water, etc. usually shown as separate colors- – Find a political map in your atlas • Physical maps- also called elevation maps, shows physical features, land cover and elevation. Does not divide by country boundaries – Find a physical features map in your atlas Kinds of Maps

• Thematic maps are data maps of a specific subject or for a specific purpose. – Find a thematic map in your atlas Read pages 10-13 in text book on understanding maps Define the following words from the textbook • Compass rose • Cardinal directions- use glossary • Intermediate directions- NW, NE, SW, SE • Scale bar • Key Understanding Maps

• Key/Legend: explain the symbols and shading on the map

• Compass Rose: diagram that shows direction

• Scale: shows how much space on the map represents a given distance on land Understanding Maps

• Cities Index: shows population of cities/towns and location on map

• Mileage Chart: shows distances between large cities/towns Draw a map to your house from southeast

• Your assignment is to draw a map from your house to south east • If you only live a block or two away, then choose another location (like your elementary, city high, etc) • If you live too far away (like more than 5 miles) you may also choose a closer starting location What are some helpful things to include on a map street names- 5 pts Landmarks- (ones not included in key) 5pts Compass rose (make sure you are drawing direction of travel accurately)- 5pts Drawn to scale (or at least close)- 5 pts Key or legend (show direction of travel, stop signs, traffic lights, etc) 10 pts Label the top of the page in your vocab section: River vocabulary • Source • Silt: small particles of rich soil, usually left after a • Mouth flood and found near the delta • Upstream • Delta • Downstream • Irrigation • Wetlands • Floodplain: flat or nearly • Tributary flat area of land next to a river or stream that experiences flooding during high water levels Label the top of the page in your vocab section: River vocabulary • Floodplain: flat or nearly flat area of land next to a river or stream that experiences flooding during high water levels

• Dam: barrier preventing the flow of water

• Watershed Boundary: the area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place

• Silt: small particles of rich soil, usually left after a flood and found near the delta

• Wetlands: land that has a wet and spongy soil, as a marsh, swamp or bog Rivers • Using your text and atlas you will be looking up, defining and labeling different parts of a river. Put this handout in the notes/assignment section of your binder. • Using pages 884-885 in the green book and your atlas pages 100-101 look up the following words and define in your vocabulary section. Underline each word and skip a line in between words. •Delta

•Nile Delta •Silt after a flood •Mouth of a river •Nile tributaries