DOCSLIB.ORG

What Would It Take to Make Sure All Families Can Live in a Physically Secure Home and a Stable Community That’S Prepared for the Effects of Global Climate Change?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
What Would It Take to Make Sure All Families Can Live in a Physically Secure Home and a Stable Community That’S Prepared for the Effects of Global Climate Change? CATALYST BRIEF APRIL 2019 Carlos Martín Olivia Arena About Urban’s Next50 The Urban Institute was founded 50 years ago by President Lyndon B. Johnson to provide “power through knowledge” to help solve the problems that weighed heavily on the nation’s hearts and minds. Today, we’re exploring promising solutions to advance equity and upward mobility and identifying what transformational leaders need to know to drive forward groundbreaking ideas. This brief is one of our eight-part Catalyst series, in which we share what it would take to advance bold solutions over the next 50 years. We are grateful to Citi Foundation for its generous support of Urban Next50. ABOUT THE URBAN INSTITUTE The nonprofit Urban Institute is a leading research organization dedicated to developing evidence-based insights that improve people’s lives and strengthen communities. For 50 years, Urban has been the trusted source for rigorous analysis of complex social and economic issues; strategic advice to policymakers, philanthropists, and practitioners; and new, promising ideas that expand opportunities for all. Our work inspires effective decisions that advance fairness and enhance the well-being of people and places. Copyright © April 2019. Urban Institute. Permission is granted for reproduction of this file, with attribution to the Urban Institute. Cover image by John Wehmann. Contents Acknowledgments iv Advancing Solutions: Local Action and Investment, Advocacy, and Private-Sector Innovation 4 Solution Set 1: Adopt Inclusive Climate Decisionmaking Processes 5 Solution Set 2: Expand Existing Tools for Addressing Physical Disruptions 9 Solution Set 3: Adopt More Comprehensive Site Adaptations 12 Solution Set 4: Relocate to a Safer Location 14 Building Knowledge Changemakers Need 16 Priority 1: Assess the Needs and Framework for a Climate Safety Net 17 Priority 2: Uncover Individual and Household Risk Perceptions and Behaviors 18 Priority 3: Measure Inclusive Engagement and Equitable Outcomes 20 Priority 4: Monitor and Build Local Capacity and Leadership 22 Priority 5: Evaluate the Effects of Climate Governance and Property Law Change 23 Priority 6: Integrate Multiple-Risk Scenarios into Population and Provider Projections 25 Priority 7: Develop Tools for Calculating Value 27 Notes 29 References 31 About the Authors 33 Statement of Independence 34 Acknowledgments To produce this report, Urban engaged a diversity of changemakers in the climate adaptation field. These experts, advocates, practitioners, and policymakers are working to advance adaptation solutions and elevate local and national focus on the issues ahead. Through a series of conversations, these changemakers proposed knowledge gaps that keep innovators in the field from advancing change and discussed new solutions to the most challenging adaptation problems in the country. The authors extend a special thanks to the changemakers who directly engaged in this process through one-on-one conversations with the report authors: Ángela Andrar, Climate Justice Alliance Lauren Alexander Augustine, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Jason Babbie, Natural Resources Defense Council Debra Ballen, Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety Robert Bullard, Texas Southern University Arietta Chakos, Urban Resilience Strategies Anita Chandra, RAND Amy Chester, Rebuild by Design Helen Chin, Surdna Foundation Shannon Cunniff, Environmental Defense Fund Natasha DeJarnett, American Public Health Association William Fleming, University of Pennsylvania Ian McHarg Center Karen Florini, Climate Central Billy Grayson, Urban Land Institute Alex Kaplan, Swiss Re Nuin-Tara Key, California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research Carolyn Kousky, Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center Joseph Majkut, Niskanen Center Rebecca Mandelman, Miami Foundation Cynthia Mellon, Climate Justice Alliance Susan Gilbert Miller, County of Santa Clara Raul Moas, Knight Foundation Robert Moore, Natural Resources Defense Council Lori Peek, Natural Hazards Center IV NEXT50 CLIMATE Thomas Ruppert, Florida Sea Grant Kristin Scheyder, Citi Foundation Jasneet Sharma, County of San Mateo Dawn Shirreffs, Miami Foundation Ed Thomas, National Hazard Mitigation Association Anna Weber, Natural Resources Defense Council Roy Wright, Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety The authors also were invited to participate in various workshops, conferences, and discussions by these experts during which they could tap into the insights from additional participants. These events included the Environmental and Climate Justice Workshop at the 109th NAACP Convention (July 17, 2018, in San Antonio, Texas); the Global Climate Action Summit (September 12–14, 2018, in San Francisco, California); and the Adaptation Blueprint and Closing the Gap on Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Conferences (September 28 and November 9, 2018, respectively, at the University of Pennsylvania). At a roundtable discussion on October 10, 2018, local grassroots activists at the frontlines of climate change effects in the United States shared their perceptions on challenges and solutions. This group’s comments provided essential guidance for this report’s details and overall approach to the climate adaptation crisis. The authors express their deep debt and gratitude to these participants for their time, generosity, and leadership: Zelalem Adefris, Catalyst Miami Colette Pichon Battle, Gulf Coast Center for Law & Policy Lois DeBacker, Kresge Foundation Tiffany Eng, California Environmental Justice Alliance Diana López, Southwest Workers Union Atyia Martin, All Aces, Inc. Sona Mohnot¸ Greenlining Institute Jacqueline Patterson, NAACP Amee Raval, Asian Pacific Environmental Network Kandi White, Indigenous Environmental Network NEXT50 CLIMATE V What would it take to make sure all families can live in a physically secure home and a stable community that’s prepared for the effects of global climate change? Thoughtful and thorough preparations for the disruptive effects of global climate change can provide a range of options for communities and households that would respect their historical assets, current and potential levels of social cohesion, desires for their own life outcomes, and opportunities for collective action. In some cases, whole communities may defend themselves against climate’s effects with major new infrastructure and land planning. Other communities may deploy more nuanced combinations of programs, policies, and services, from community emergency networks to alternative housing and transport. A few communities may choose to relocate en masse away from the riskiest climate change effects. In all cases, people and communities should exercise meaningful voice and power over decisions about where, how, and how much to adapt to local climate effects. Regardless of the combination of physical and social interventions communities adopt, inclusion and equity must be fundamental to both the process of selection and the outcomes of the options selected. Global climate change is profoundly disruptive, bringing more frequent and severe weather events, rising sea levels, chronic precipitation extremes, increased vector-borne disease, and higher ambient temperatures.1 All regions of the United States are being physically transformed and without massive economic and policy change, these unwelcome transformations will continue unabated. Communities built decades ago face unprecedented challenges, yet some continue to grow and develop land in places that evidence suggests are in harm’s way. American communities are far behind others on the globe in preparing for climate change effects, and they are likely to experience greater pains to catch up. The United States provides almost no examples of implemented climate adaptation solutions (Anguelovski and Carmin 2011). And even fewer solutions have focused on the historical inequities between groups living in the same geographic boundaries or on the likely disparate impacts on these groups from adaptation decisions (Kresge Foundation 2018). Philanthropies, state and local governments, and federal agencies have begun to consider the consequence of already-observable climate effects on US communities in the last decade (HUD 2014; Kresge Foundation 2015).2 But they need evidence about how the work of disaster mitigation, climate change adaptation, and local infrastructure and regional planning can be woven into equitable climate resilience over the next 50 years: Federal and state policymakers working to create a reliable climate safety net lack information about coverage gaps (and redundancies) and intersections between public assistance and private insurance programs. Systematic assessments of needs, vulnerabilities, and coverage across the full range of public and private assistance services and programs would enable these policymakers to strengthen existing programs and develop new ones that emphasize preventative measures over recovery and compensation. The effectiveness of climate adaptation strategies hinges on the choices of individuals (such as residential location and design choices or insurance take-up). But policymakers know little about how individuals understand and respond to evolving climate risks or how they respond to incentives, regulations, and even immediate environmental hazards. Policymakers need rigorous evidence about individual risk perceptions and behaviors to support effective adaptation strategies that work with private-sector
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2019-Annual-Report.Pdf
    2019 URBAN INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT A Message from the President Dear Friends, Inspired by our 50th anniversary, the Urban Institute kicked off our next 50 years in 2019 with a renewed commitment to advancing upward mobility, equity, and shared prosperity. We also collaborated with changemakers across the country to develop innovative ideas for how Urban could best fulfill our mission in light of trends likely to bring disruptive change in the decades to come. We did not expect such change to arrive in 2020 in the form of a pandemic that has exposed so many fissures in our society, including the disproportionate vulnerability of people of color to health and economic risks. Nor did we anticipate the powerful uprisings that have called needed attention to police brutality, antiblackness, and racism in our country. But as I consider the work Urban is undertaking to inform an inclusive recovery from the coronavirus pandemic and dismantle the systems and structures that drive racism, I am grateful for the many partners who, by engaging with our Next50 initiative in 2019, helped Urban accelerate the development of capacities and initiatives that are having an impact. Among the ways our work made a difference last year: ▪ Influencing efforts to boost Black homeownership. Our groundbreaking work on dramatic declines in Black homeownership helped make the issue an urgent concern in advocacy and policy circles. Urban delivered powerful new findings showing how a set of housing finance innovations can build wealth in communities of color. We also helped launch a collaborative effort with real estate professionals, lenders, and nonprofit leaders to amplify and solidify a framework for reducing the racial homeownership gap.
    [Show full text]
  • Expanding Insurance Coverage for Children
    XPANDING E INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR CHILDREN John Holahan XPANDING EINSURANCE COVERAGE FOR CHILDREN John Holahan Copyright © 1997. The Urban Institute. All rights reserved. Except for short quotes, no part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photo- copying, recording, or by information storage or retrieval system, with- out written permission from the Urban Institute. BOARD OF TRUSTEES URBAN INSTITUTE is a non- Richard B. Fisher profit policy research and educa- Chairman tional organization established in Joel L. Fleishman Vice Chairman Washington, D.C., in 1968. Its staff Katharine Graham investigates the social and economic Vice Chairman William Gorham problems confronting the nation and President public and private means to alleviate Jeffrey S. Berg Joan Toland Bok them. The Institute disseminates sig- Marcia L. Carsey nificant findings of its research Carol Thompson Cole Richard C. Green, Jr. through the publications program of Jack Kemp its Press. The goals of the Institute are Robert S. McNamara to sharpen thinking about societal Charles L. Mee, Jr. Robert C. Miller problems and efforts to solve them, Lucio Noto improve government decisions and Hugh B. Price Sol Price performance, and increase citizen Robert M. Solow awareness of important policy choices. Dick Thornburgh Judy Woodruff Through work that ranges from LIFE TRUSTEES broad conceptual studies to adminis- trative and technical assistance, Warren E. Buffett James E. Burke Institute researchers contribute to the Joseph A. Califano, Jr. stock of knowledge available to guide William T. Coleman, Jr. John M. Deutch decision making in the public interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation: Rebuild by Design Phase I June 2014
    EVALUATION OFFICE EVALUATION THE Rockefeller Foundation Rockefeller Evaluation: Rebuild by Design Phase I June 2014 Financial support provided by About the Urban Institute Founded in 1968 to understand the problems facing America’s cities and assess the programs of the War on Poverty, the Urban Institute brings decades of objective analysis and expertise to policy debates – in city halls and state houses, Congress and the White House, and emerging democracies around the world. Today, our research portfolio ranges from the social safety net to health and tax policies; the well-being of families and neigh- borhoods; and trends in work, earnings, and wealth building. Our scholars have a distin- guished track record of turning evidence into solutions. About the Rockefeller Foundation Evaluation Office For more than 100 years, the Rockefeller Foundation’s mission has been to promote the well-being of humanity throughout the world. Today, the Rockefeller Foundation pursues this mission through dual goals: advancing inclusive economies that expand opportunities for more broadly shared prosperity, and building resilience by helping people, communi- ties and institutions prepare for, withstand and emerge stronger from acute shocks and chronic stresses. Committed to supporting learning, accountability and performance im- provements, the Evaluation Office of the Rockefeller Foundation works with staff, grantees and partners to strengthen evaluation practice and to support innovative approaches to monitoring, evaluation and learning. Cover photo: Cameron Blaylock Evaluation: Rebuild by Design Phase I June 2014 THE Rockefeller Foundation Rockefeller EVALUATION OFFICE EVALUATION Financial support provided by The contents of this report are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Rockefeller Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Report of the President.” ______
    REFERENCES Chapter 1 American Civil Liberties Union. 2013. “The War on Marijuana in Black and White.” Accessed January 31, 2016. Aizer, Anna, Shari Eli, Joseph P. Ferrie, and Adriana Lleras-Muney. 2014. “The Long Term Impact of Cash Transfers to Poor Families.” NBER Working Paper 20103. Autor, David. 2010. “The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the U.S. Labor Market.” Center for American Progress, the Hamilton Project. Bakija, Jon, Adam Cole and Bradley T. Heim. 2010. “Jobs and Income Growth of Top Earners and the Causes of Changing Income Inequality: Evidence from U.S. Tax Return Data.” Department of Economics Working Paper 2010–24. Williams College. Boskin, Michael J. 1972. “Unions and Relative Real Wages.” The American Economic Review 62(3): 466-472. Bricker, Jesse, Lisa J. Dettling, Alice Henriques, Joanne W. Hsu, Kevin B. Moore, John Sabelhaus, Jeffrey Thompson, and Richard A. Windle. 2014. “Changes in U.S. Family Finances from 2010 to 2013: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances.” Federal Reserve Bulletin, Vol. 100, No. 4. Brown, David W., Amanda E. Kowalski, and Ithai Z. Lurie. 2015. “Medicaid as an Investment in Children: What is the Long-term Impact on Tax Receipts?” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 20835. Card, David, Thomas Lemieux, and W. Craig Riddell. 2004. “Unions and Wage Inequality.” Journal of Labor Research, 25(4): 519-559. 331 Carson, Ann. 2015. “Prisoners in 2014.” Bureau of Justice Statistics, Depart- ment of Justice. Chetty, Raj, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, and Nich- olas Turner. 2014. “Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility.” NBER Working Paper 19844.
    [Show full text]
  • Housing Policy in the Great Society, Part Two
    Joint Center for Housing Studies Harvard University Into the Wild Blue Yonder: The Urban Crisis, Rocket Science, and the Pursuit of Transformation Housing Policy in the Great Society, Part Two Alexander von Hoffman March 2011 W11-3 The research for this working paper was conducted with the support of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The Ford Foundation, and the Fannie Mae Foundation. © by Alexander von Hoffman. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Off we go into the wild blue yonder, Climbing high into the sun Introduction Of the several large and important domestic housing and urban programs produced by Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society administration, the best-known is Model Cities. Although it lasted only from 1966 to 1974, its advocates believed Model Cities had promised a better tomorrow for America’s cities and bitterly lamented its termination—blaming Richard Nixon’s policies, diversion of funds for the Vietnam war, and the nation’s lack of commitment to social progress. Yet the legislation that created Model Cities was ambitious, contradictory, and vague. As such, it vividly expressed the idealistic impulses, currents of thought, and reactions to events that converged, however incoherently, in national urban policy of the 1960s. At the center of the fervor for domestic policy was the president of the United States, Lyndon Johnson, who hungered for dramatic new programs that would transform the country the way New Deal policies had reshaped America in his youth.
    [Show full text]
  • EFFECTS of the TAX CUTS and JOBS ACT: a PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS William G
    EFFECTS OF THE TAX CUTS AND JOBS ACT: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS William G. Gale, Hilary Gelfond, Aaron Krupkin, Mark J. Mazur, and Eric Toder June 13, 2018 ABSTRACT This paper examines the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017, the largest tax overhaul since 1986. The new tax law makes substantial changes to the rates and bases of both the individual and corporate income taxes, cutting the corporate income tax rate to 21 percent, redesigning international tax rules, and providing a deduction for pass-through income. TCJA will stimulate the economy in the near term. Most models indicate that the long-term impact on GDP will be small. The impact will be smaller on GNP than on GDP because the law will generate net capital inflows from abroad that have to be repaid in the future. The new law will reduce federal revenues by significant amounts, even after allowing for the modest impact on economic growth. It will make the distribution of after-tax income more unequal, raise federal debt, and impose burdens on future generations. When it is ultimately financed with spending cuts or other tax increases, as it must be in the long run, TCJA will, under the most plausible scenarios, end up making most households worse off than if TCJA had not been enacted. The new law simplifies taxes in some ways but creates new complexity and compliance issues in others. It will raise health care premiums and reduce health insurance coverage and will have adverse effects on charitable contributions and some state and local governments.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration and Immigrants
    IMMIGRATION AND IMMIGRANTS SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT MICHAEL FIX AND JEFFREY S. PASSEL with María E. Enchautegui and Wendy Zimmermann May 1994 THE URBAN INSTITUTE • WASHINGTON, D.C. i THE URBAN INSTITUTE is a nonprofit, nonpartisan policy research organization established in Washington, D.C., in 1968. Its staff investigates the social and economic problems confronting the nation and assesses public and private means to alleviate them. The Institute seeks to sharpen thinking about society’s problems and efforts to solve them, improve government decisions and performance, and increase citizen awareness about important public choices. Through work that ranges from broad conceptual studies to administrative and technical assistance, Institute researchers contribute to the stock of knowledge available to guide decisionmaking in the public interest. In recent years this mission has expanded to include the analysis of social and economic problems and policies in developing coun- tries and in the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe. Immigrant Policy Program The Urban Institute’s Immigrant Policy Program was created in 1992 with support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The overall goal of the program is to research, design, and promote policies that integrate newcomers into the United States. To that end, the program seeks to: 1) Develop systematic knowledge on immigrants’ economic mobility and social integration, and the public policies that influence them; 2) Disseminate knowledge broadly to government agencies, non- profit organizations, scholars, and the media; and 3) Advise policymakers on the merits of current and proposed policies. Program for Research on Immigration Policy The Program for Research on Immigration Policy was established in 1988 with ini- tial core support from The Ford Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • The President's Budget Priorities and the Covid-19
    THE PRESIDENT’S BUDGET PRIORITIES AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Erald Kolasi and C. Eugene Steuerle May 7, 2020 On March 30, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released its analysis of President Trump’s proposed budget for fiscal year 2021. The president submitted this budget on February 10, 2020, when the pandemic was in its early stages in the US and before the enactment of major relief bills in response to the public health crisis and ongoing recession. CBO estimated that from 2021 to 2030, the federal deficit would be $2.1 trillion less under the president’s budget than under the CBO baseline. These numbers will obviously be revised dramatically and continually as the recession and the corresponding federal response continue to materialize over the next year. Still, the president’s budget needs to be analyzed for what it contains and omits and how it relates to ongoing efforts to deal with the pandemic and recession. The president’s budget does not propose altering the nation’s preexisting fiscal path whereby health care, Social Security, and interest costs totally dominate the growth in federal spending, though it does propose significantly cutting the share of health-insurance supports for poorer populations through Medicaid and Affordable Care Act-related exchange subsidies. Meanwhile, the budget would dramatically decrease domestic discretionary spending in real terms and as a share of gross domestic product (GDP). It would also moderately decrease defense spending in real terms and cut tax revenues further. Though the economic shock caused by the pandemic entails trillions of dollars of additional spending and revenue losses, those changes, if temporary, still pale in comparison to the long-term permanent growth built into the budget in health, retirement, and interest costs.
    [Show full text]
  • A Profile of Low-Income Working Immigrant Families
    An Urban Institute New Federalism Program to Assess National Survey of America’s Families Changing Social Policies THE URBAN INSTITUTE Series B, No. B-67, June 2005 A Profile of Low-Income Working Immigrant Families Randy Capps, Michael Fix, Everett Henderson, and Jane Reardon-Anderson Immigrants are a large and growing part of While children of immigrants exhibit high America’s labor force. They accounted for levels of need for public benefits and ser- half the growth in the U.S. workforce dur- vices, current laws restrict immigrant ing the 1990s (Sum, Fogg, and Harrington eligibility for many major federal and state- 2002). In 2001, immigrants were 11 percent funded programs. Undocumented immi- of the U.S. population, but 14 percent of all grants are generally ineligible for all public workers and 20 percent of low-wage work- benefits except emergency health services. Like other low-income ers in the U.S. economy (Capps, Fix et al. The 1996 welfare reform law restricted 2003).1 Immigrants are overrepresented many legal immigrants’ eligibility for these working families, among all U.S. workers but especially programs as well (Fix and Passel 2002). immigrant families among lower-paid workers. Despite significant benefit restorations Many Americans work hard yet strug- in 1997 and 2002, most legal immigrants need income, food, and gle to pay bills and provide for their chil- with less than five years of residency in the dren (Acs, Ross Phillips, and McKenzie United States are ineligible for cash wel- housing assistance, as 2000). Immigrant families are no exception, fare, food assistance, public health insur- well as health coverage since such a high share of immigrant work- ance, housing assistance, and other major ers earns low wages.
    [Show full text]
  • Breaking Barriers, Boosting Supply How the Federal Government Can Help Eliminate Exclusionary Zoning
    OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL Breaking Barriers, Boosting Supply How the Federal Government Can Help Eliminate Exclusionary Zoning Solomon Greene Ingrid Gould Ellen URBAN INSTITUTE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY September 2020 The Opportunity for All project is based on a simple premise: every family should live in a neighborhood that supports their well-being and their children’s ability to thrive. But today, too many families, particularly families of color, live in neighborhoods that have suffered from decades of disinvestment, have been displaced from neighborhoods that are revitalizing, and are excluded from neighborhoods with opportunity-enhancing amenities. Racist public policies have created and reinforced this uneven landscape, but better policies can instead support fairer and more just access to opportunity. The federal government has a particularly important role because of the scale of its resources and its ability to level the playing field across places. In this essay series, Urban Institute scholars, community leaders, and national experts are working together to explore how the federal government can help all neighborhoods become places of opportunity and inclusion. Although these essays address multiple policy areas, they all aim to end the systems that tie Americans’ chances of success to their race or the place they grow up. ocal governments across the country have incentives to adopt zoning laws and other land-use regulations that limit the production of housing, particularly L multifamily and subsidized units. These restrictions reduce the overall supply of housing and perpetuate racial and economic segregation. The federal government can play an important role in lifting local barriers to fair and affordable housing, and we suggest an approach that would encourage states to adopt more inclusive policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Opportunity, Responsibility, and Security a Consensus Plan for Reducing Poverty and Restoring the American Dream
    OPPORTUNITY, RESPONSIBILITY, AND SECURITY A CONSENSUS PLAN FOR REDUCING POVERTY AND RESTORING THE AMERICAN DREAM AEI/Brookings Working Group on Poverty and Opportunity Members of the AEI/Brookings Working Group on Poverty and Opportunity LAWRENCE ABER, Willner Family Professor of Psychology and Public Policy, New York University STUART BUTLER, Senior Fellow in Economic Studies, Brookings Institution SHELDON DANZIGER, President, Russell Sage Foundation ROBERT DOAR, Morgridge Fellow in Poverty Studies, American Enterprise Institute DAVID T. ELLWOOD, Scott M. Black Professor of Political Economy, Harvard University JUDITH M. GUERON, President Emerita, MDRC JONATHAN HAIDT, Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership, New York University RON HASKINS, Cabot Family Chair and Senior Fellow, Economic Studies, Brookings Institution HARRY J. HOLZER, Professor of Public Policy, Georgetown University KAY HYMOWITZ, William E. Simon Fellow, Manhattan Institute for Policy Research LAWRENCE MEAD, Professor of Politics and Public Policy, New York University RONALD MINCY, Maurice V. Russell Professor of Social Policy and Social Work Practice, Columbia University RICHARD V. REEVES, Senior Fellow in Economic Studies, Brookings Institution MICHAEL R. STRAIN, Deputy Director of Economic Policy Studies and Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute JANE WALDFOGEL, Compton Foundation Centennial Professor for the Prevention of Children and Youth Problems, Columbia University OPPORTUNITY, RESPONSIBILITY, AND SECURITY A CONSENSUS PLAN FOR REDUCING POVERTY AND RESTORING THE AMERICAN DREAM AEI/Brookings Working Group on Poverty and Opportunity © 2015 by the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research and the Brookings Institution. All rights reserved. The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) and the Brookings Institution are nonpartisan, not-for-profit, 501(c)(3) educational organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Taking Back Our Fiscal Future
    Taking Back Our Fiscal Future April 2008 Joseph Antos Maya MacGuineas The American Enterprise Institute The New America Foundation Members of the Brookings-Heritage Fiscal Seminar have joined together to issue this paper because of the Robert Bixby Will Marshall importance they attach to gaining The Concord Coalition The Progressive Policy Institute control of our nation’s fiscal future. However, the ideas expressed are their Stuart Butler Pietro Nivola own and do not represent the views of The Heritage Foundation The Brookings Institution the organizations with which they are affiliated. Support from the Corporate Paul Cullinan Rudolph Penner Advisory Committee of the Brookings The Brookings Institution The Urban Institute Budgeting for National Priorities Project, the Annie E. Casey Foundation, William and Flora Hewlett Alison Fraser Robert Reischauer Foundation, Charles Stewart Mott The Heritage Foundation The Urban Institute Foundation, and Gordon V. and Helen C. Smith Foundation is gratefully William Galston Alice M. Rivlin acknowledged. The Brookings Institution The Brookings Institution Ron Haskins Isabel Sawhill The Brookings Institution The Brookings Institution Julia Isaacs C. Eugene Steuerle The Brookings Institution The Urban Institute The Brookings The Heritage Institution Foundation 202.797.6000 202.546.4400 www.brookings.edu www.heritage.org Preface The authors of this paper are longtime federal budget and policy experts who have been drawn together by a deep concern about the nation’s long-term fiscal outlook. Our group covers the ideological spectrum. We are affiliated with a diverse set of organizations. We have been meeting informally for over a year, under the auspices of The Brookings Institution and The Heritage Foundation, to define the dimensions and consequences of the looming federal budget problem, examine alternative solutions, and reach agreement on what should be done.
    [Show full text]