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A Forensic and Phylogenetic Survey of Caulerpa Species
J. Phycol. 42, 1113–1124 (2006) r 2006 by the Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.0271.x A FORENSIC AND PHYLOGENETIC SURVEY OF CAULERPA SPECIES (CAULERPALES, CHLOROPHYTA) FROM THE FLORIDA COAST, LOCAL AQUARIUM SHOPS, AND E-COMMERCE: ESTABLISHING A PROACTIVE BASELINE FOR EARLY DETECTION1 Wytze T. Stam2 Jeanine L. Olsen Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Biological Centre, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands Susan Frisch Zaleski University of Southern California Sea Grant Program, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, California 90089-0373, USA Steven N. Murray Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, PO Box 6850, Fullerton, California 92834-6850, USA Katherine R. Brown and Linda J. Walters Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA Baseline genotypes were established for 256 in- researchers interested in the evolution and speciat- dividuals of Caulerpa collected from 27 field loca- ion of Caulerpa. tions in Florida (including the Keys), the Bahamas, Key index words: aquarium trade; Caulerpa; e-com- US Virgin Islands, and Honduras, nearly doubling merce; invasive species; ITS; marine conservation; the number of available GenBank sequences. On the phylogeny; tufA basis of sequences from the nuclear rDNA-ITS 1 þ 2 and the chloroplast tufA regions, the phylogeny of Abbreviations: CTAB, cetyltrimethylammonium bro- Caulerpa was reassessed and the presence of inva- mide; ITS, internally transcribed spacer; MCMC, sive strains was determined. Surveys in central Flor- Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis ida and southern California of 4100 saltwater aquarium shops and 90 internet sites revealed that 450% sold Caulerpa. -
Asexual Life History by Biflagellate Zoids In
Aquatic Botany 91 (2009) 213–218 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquatic Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aquabot Asexual life history by biflagellate zoids in Monostroma latissimum (Ulotrichales) Felix Bast a,*, Satoshi Shimada b, Masanori Hiraoka a, Kazuo Okuda a a Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono, Kochi 780-8520, Japan b Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Monostroma latissimum (Kuetzing) Wittrock is a monostromatic green alga of commercial importance in Received 16 December 2008 Japan. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of asexually reproducing specimens collected from Received in revised form 26 May 2009 Usa, on the Pacific coast of Kochi Prefecture, south-western Japan. Zoids were found to be biflagellate and Accepted 24 June 2009 negatively phototactic. Germination of settled zoids was observed to follow erect-filamentous ontogeny Available online 1 July 2009 similar to that of the previously reported sexual strain. Moreover, the newly discovered asexual strain had identical sequences of nuclear encoded ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region to that of the sexual Keywords: strain. On the basis of this finding, we postulate that the ITS sequences may have been maintained in Internal Transcribed Spacer these conspecific strains despite the evolution in sexuality. Relationships were investigated among M. Life history Phylogeny latissimum and other monostromatic taxa within the -
Frontiers in Zoology Biomed Central
Frontiers in Zoology BioMed Central Research Open Access Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells - a unique evolutionary strategy in animal life Katharina Händeler*1, Yvonne P Grzymbowski1, Patrick J Krug2 and Heike Wägele1 Address: 1Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany and 2Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, California, 90032-8201, USA Email: Katharina Händeler* - [email protected]; Yvonne P Grzymbowski - [email protected]; Patrick J Krug - [email protected]; Heike Wägele - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 1 December 2009 Received: 26 June 2009 Accepted: 1 December 2009 Frontiers in Zoology 2009, 6:28 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-28 This article is available from: http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/6/1/28 © 2009 Händeler et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Among metazoans, retention of functional diet-derived chloroplasts (kleptoplasty) is known only from the sea slug taxon Sacoglossa (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Intracellular maintenance of plastids in the slug's digestive epithelium has long attracted interest given its implications for understanding the evolution of endosymbiosis. However, photosynthetic ability varies widely among sacoglossans; some species have no plastid retention while others survive for months solely on photosynthesis. We present a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Sacoglossa and a survey of kleptoplasty from representatives of all major clades. We sought to quantify variation in photosynthetic ability among lineages, identify phylogenetic origins of plastid retention, and assess whether kleptoplasty was a key character in the radiation of the Sacoglossa. -
Morphometric Analysis of Surface Utricles in Halimeda Tuna (Bryopsidales, Ulvophyceae) Reveals Variation in Their Size and Symmetry Within Individual Segments
S S symmetry Article Morphometric Analysis of Surface Utricles in Halimeda tuna (Bryopsidales, Ulvophyceae) Reveals Variation in Their Size and Symmetry within Individual Segments Jiri Neustupa * and Yvonne Nemcova Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 12801 Benatska 2, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26 June 2020; Accepted: 20 July 2020; Published: 1 August 2020 Abstract: Calcifying marine green algae of genus Halimeda have siphonous thalli composed of repeated segments. Their outer surface is formed by laterally appressed peripheral utricles which often form a honeycomb structure, typically with varying degrees of asymmetry in the individual polygons. This study is focused on a morphometric analysis of the size and symmetry of these polygons in Mediterranean H. tuna. Asymmetry of surface utricles is studied using a continuous symmetry measure quantifying the deviation of polygons from perfect symmetry. In addition, the segment shapes are also captured by geometric morphometrics and compared to the utricle parameters. The area of surface utricles is proved to be strongly related to their position on segments, where utricles near the segment bases are considerably smaller than those located near the apical and lateral margins. Interestingly, this gradient is most pronounced in relatively large reniform segments. The polygons are most symmetric in the central parts of segments, with asymmetry uniformly increasing towards the segment margins. Mean utricle asymmetry is found to be unrelated to segment shapes. Systematic differences in utricle size across different positions might be related to morphogenetic patterns of segment development, and may also indicate possible small-scale variations in CaCO3 content within segments. -
JJB 079 255 261.Pdf
植物研究雑誌 J. J. Jpn. Bo t. 79:255-261 79:255-261 (2004) Phylogenetic Phylogenetic Analysis of the Tetrasporalean Genus Asterococcus Asterococcus (Chlorophyceae) sased on 18S 18S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences Atsushi Atsushi NAKAZA WA and Hisayoshi NOZAKI Department Department of Biological Sciences ,Graduate School of Science ,University of Tokyo , Hongo Hongo 7-3-1 ,Bunkyo-ku ,Tokyo ,113 ・0033 JAPAN (Received (Received on October 30 ,2003) Nucleotide Nucleotide sequences (1642 bp) from 18S ribosomal RNA genes were analyzed for 100 100 strains of the clockwise (CW) group of Chlorophyceae to deduce the phylogenetic position position of the immotile colonial genus Asterococcus Scherffel , which is classified in the Palmellopsidaceae Palmellopsidaceae of Tetrasporales. We found that the genus Asterococcus and two uni- cellular , volvocalean genera , Lobochlamys Proschold & al. and Oogamochlamys Proschold Proschold & al., formed a robust monophyletic group , which was separated from two te 位asporalean clades , one composed of Tetraspora Link and Paulschulzia Sk 吋a and the other other containing the other palme l1 0psidacean genus Chlamydocaps αFot t. Therefore , the Tetrasporales Tetrasporales in the CW group is clearly polyphyletic and taxonomic revision of the order order and the Palmellopsidaceae is needed. Key words: 18S rRNA gene ,Asterococcus ,Palmellopsidaceae ,phylogeny ,Tetraspor- ales. ales. Asterococcus Asterococcus Scherffel (1908) is a colo- Recently , Ettl and Gartner (1 988) included nial nial green algal genus that is characterized Asterococcus in the family Palmello- by an asteroid chloroplast in the cell and psidaceae , because cells of this genus have swollen swollen gelatinous layers surrounding the contractile vacuoles and lack pseudoflagella immotile immotile colony (e. g. -
Lobo MTMPS (2019) First Record of Tetraspora Gelatinosa (Vaucher) Desvaux (Tetrasporales, Chlorophyceae) in the State of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil
15 1 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 15 (1): 143–147 https://doi.org/10.15560/15.1.143 First record of Tetraspora gelatinosa Link ex Desvaux (Tetrasporales, Chlorophyceae) in the state of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil Weliton José da Silva1, Ina de Souza Nogueira2, Maria Tereza Morais Pereira Souza Lobo3 1 Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Laboratório de Microalgas Continentais, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Análise de Gerenciamento Ambiental de Recursos Hídricos, Alameda Palmeiras Quadra I - Lote i2, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Laboratório de Análise de Gerenciamento Ambiental de Recursos Hídricos, Alameda Palmeiras Quadra I - Lote i2, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Corresponding author: Weliton José da Silva, [email protected] Abstract Tetraspora gelatinosa is rare and has been recorded only in 3 Brazilian states since the 2000s. The flora of the state of Goiás is incipiently known, but there is no record of Tetraspora thus far. We record the occurrence of T. gelatinosa in Goiás and characterize this species’ morphology and ecological preferences. Specimens were found in the Samambaia Reservoir, Goiânia, Goiás. Physical and chemical characteristics of the water were measured. Where T. gelatinosa was found, the water was shallow and characterized as ultraoligotrophic. These conditions agree with those reported for other environments in Brazil. Key words Algae, Meia Ponte river basin, new record, rare species, ultraoligotrophic. -
E-Commerce and Caulerpa: Unregulated Dispersal of Invasive
RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS E-commerce and Caulerpa: unregulated 75 dispersal of invasive species Linda J Walters1*, Katherine R Brown1, Wytze T Stam2, and Jeanine L Olsen2 Professional aquarists and hobbyists are thought to be the source of invasions of the aquarium strain of the green macroalga Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean, southern California, and Australia. The US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA–APHIS) restricted interstate commerce and importation of the Mediterranean clone of C taxifolia prior to the California invasion and is cur- rently deciding if it should strengthen regulation of this genus as more species of Caulerpa are being described as invasive. Here we document the importance of e-commerce as a mode of dispersal for many species of Caulerpa in the United States. We purchased Caulerpa from 30 internet retailers and 60 internet auction sites representing 25 states and Great Britain. Twelve different Caulerpa species were confirmed using DNA sequenc- ing. Only 10.6% of sellers provided the correct genus and species names with their shipments. Thirty purchases of “live rock” provided four species of Caulerpa, as well as 53 additional marine species. Our results confirm the extensive e-commerce availability of this invasive genus and its high dispersal potential via postal services and hobbyists. We recommend that both eBay and the USDA maximize regulation of Caulerpa. Front Ecol Environ 2006; 4(2): 75–79 any species of the green macroalga Caulerpa some of the “feather Caulerpas”: C taxifolia, C sertulari- M(Chlorophyta: Ulvophyceae) are highly invasive oides, and C mexicana) remain extremely popular with and the economics and ecological impacts associated with aquarium hobbyists because they are attractive in salt these introductions are well documented (eg de Villèle water tanks and are easy to clonally propagate (Smith and and Verlaque 1995; Davis et al. -
Fingerprinting Marine Macrophytes in Blue Carbon Habitats
Fingerprinting Marine Macrophytes in Blue Carbon Habitats Thesis by Alejandra Ortega In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Bioscience King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia November, 2019 2 EXAMINATION COMMITTEE PAGE The thesis of Alejandra Ortega is approved by the examination committee. Committee Chairperson and Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Carlos M. Duarte Committee Members: Prof. Mark Tester, Prof. Takashi Gojobori, and Prof. Hugo de Boer [External] 3 © November, 2019 Alejandra Ortega All Rights Reserved 4 ABSTRACT Fingerprinting Marine Macrophytes in Blue Carbon Habitats Alejandra Ortega Seagrass, mangrove, saltmarshes and macroalgae - the coastal vegetated habitats, offer a promising nature-based solution to climate change mitigation, as they sequester carbon in their living biomass and in marine sediments. Estimation of the macrophyte organic carbon contribution to coastal sediments is key for understanding the sources of blue carbon sequestration, and for establishing adequate conservation strategies. Nevertheless, identification of marine macrophytes has been challenging and current estimations are uncertain. In this dissertation, time- and cost-efficient DNA-based methods were used to fingerprint marine macrophytes and estimate their contribution to the organic pool accumulated in blue carbon habitats. First, a suitable short-length DNA barcode from the universal 18S gene was chosen among six barcoding regions tested, as it successfully recovered degraded DNA from sediment samples and fingerprinted marine macrophyte taxa. Second, an experiment was performed to test whether the abundance of eDNA represents the content of organic carbon within the macrophytes; results supported this notion, indicating a positive correlation (R2 = 0.85) between eDNA and organic carbon. -
Species-Specific Consequences of Ocean Acidification for the Calcareous Tropical Green Algae Halimeda
Vol. 440: 67–78, 2011 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published October 28 doi: 10.3354/meps09309 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Species-specific consequences of ocean acidification for the calcareous tropical green algae Halimeda Nichole N. Price1,*, Scott L. Hamilton2, 3, Jesse S. Tootell2, Jennifer E. Smith1 1Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA 2 Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA 3Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Rd., Moss Landing, California 95039, USA ABSTRACT: Ocean acidification (OA), resulting from increasing dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) in surface waters, is likely to affect many marine organisms, particularly those that calcify. Recent OA studies have demonstrated negative and/or differential effects of reduced pH on growth, development, calcification and physiology, but most of these have focused on taxa other than cal- careous benthic macroalgae. Here we investigate the potential effects of OA on one of the most common coral reef macroalgal genera, Halimeda. Species of Halimeda produce a large proportion of the sand in the tropics and are a major contributor to framework development on reefs because of their rapid calcium carbonate production and high turnover rates. On Palmyra Atoll in the cen- tral Pacific, we conducted a manipulative bubbling experiment to investigate the potential effects of OA on growth, calcification and photophysiology of 2 species of Halimeda. Our results suggest that Halimeda is highly susceptible to reduced pH and aragonite saturation state but the magni- tude of these effects is species specific. -
Sphaeropleales) from Periyar River, Kerala
International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 Received: 14-11-2020; Accepted: 29-11-2020: Published: 13-12-2020 www.botanyjournals.com Volume 5; Issue 6; 2020; Page No. 482-488 A systematic account of scenedesmaceae (sphaeropleales) from Periyar River, Kerala Jayalakshmi PS*, Jose John Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Advanced Research, Department of Botany, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Kochi, Kerala, India Abstract The present study deals with the systematic account of 28 taxa of family Scenedesmaceae, order Sphaeropleales, (formerly belonging to the order Chlorococcales), collected from Periyar River in Kerala. They include the genera, namely, Acutodesmus (1), Desmodesmus (7), Scenedesmus (7), Tetradesmus (4), Westella (1), Coelastrum (5) Hariotina (1), Asterarcys (1) and Dimorphococcus (1). Out of these, three taxa are new to Kerala and most of them are new records from Periyar River. Keywords: Chlorococcales, chlorophyceae, freshwater algae, biodiversity, new report to Kerala 1. Introduction samples were deposited in the Phycology Division, The Chlorococcales comprises of an interesting group of Department of Botany, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, green algae represented by non-motile unicellular or Kochi, Kerala. colonial forms. Most of the members are aquatic and microscopic in nature but some may be macroscopic forms. 3. Results and Discussion Among planktonic Chlorococcales, Scenedesmaceae is one A total of twenty-eight taxa have been collected during the of most diversified and ubiquitous families in freshwater study period. They belong to the genera Acutodesmus (1), ecosystems. On the basis of morphology, Komárek & Fott Desmodesmus (7), Scenedesmus (7), Tetradesmus (4), included Scenedesmaceae in the order Chlorococcales Westella (1), Coelastrum (5) Hariotina (1), Asterarcys (1) (Chlorophyceae), while the family was transferred to the and Dimorphococcus (1). -
Spring Phytoplankton and Periphyton Composition: Case Study from a Thermally Abnormal Lakes in Western Poland
Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 36: 17-24, 2014 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl DOI 10.2478/biorc-2014-0010 Submitted 27.02.2014, Accepted 27.12.2014 Spring phytoplankton and periphyton composition: case study from a thermally abnormal lakes in Western Poland Lubomira Burchardt1*, František Hindák2, Jiří Komárek3, Horst Lange-Bertalot4, Beata Messyasz1, Marta Pikosz1, Łukasz Wejnerowski1, Emilia Jakubas1, Andrzej Rybak1 & Maciej Gąbka1 1Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland 2Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, 84523 Bratislava, Slovakia 3Institute of Botany AS CR, Dukelská 135, 37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic 4Botanisches Institut der Universität, Johann Wolfgang Goethe – Universität, Siesmayerstraße 70, 60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany * corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Getting to know the response of different groups of aquatic organisms tested in altered thermal environments to environmental conditions makes it possible to understand processes of adaptation and limitation factors such as temperature and light. Field sites were located in three thermally abnormal lakes (cooling system of power plants), in eastern part of Wielkopolska region (western Poland): Pątnowskie, Wąsosko-Mikorzyńskie and Licheńskie. Water temperatures of these lakes do not fall below 10°C throughout the year, and the surface water temperature in spring is about 20˚C. In this study, we investigated the species structure of the spring phytoplankton community in a temperature gradient and analyzed diversity of periphyton collected from alien species (Vallisneria spiralis) and stones. 94 taxa belonging to 56 genera of algae (including phytoplankton and periphyton) were determined. The highest number of algae species were observed among Chlorophyta (49), Bacillariophyceae (34) and Cyanobacteria (6). -
Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) in Korea
ISSN 1226-9999 (print) ISSN 2287-7851 (online) Korean J. Environ. Biol. 36(3) : 277~284 (2018) https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2018.36.3.277 <Original article> Eight Taxa of Newly Recorded Species of Chlorophytes (Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) in Korea Mi Ran Kim, Jee Hwan Kim1, Do Hyun Kim and Ok Min Lee* Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea 1Bioresources Culture Collection Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea Abstract - In 2017, the freshwater algae were collected from reservoirs, small ponds, soil, and rocks in Korea. Eight taxa of Chlorophyta (Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae) have been newly reported in Korea. The unrecorded indigenous species were Chlorolobion braunii, Coelastrum pseudomicroporum, Coelastrum reticulatum var. cubanum, Monoraphidium nanum, Tetrachlorella incerta, Ecdysichlamys obliqua, Gloeotila scopulina, and Stichococcus jenerensis. Keywords : Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta, newly recorded species, Trebouxiophyceae INTRODUCTION Trebouxiophyceae was first classified by Friedl (1995). He had used molecular analysis to classification of Chloro- Green algae (Chlorophyta) have a greater diversity of cel- phytes that overlapped morphologically. As a result, some lular organization, morphological structure and reproductive of the coccoid green algae were forming clade, named Tre- process than any other algae (Bold and Wynne 1978). Green bouxiophyceae. These algae live usually