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2017 HEADING FOR A SERIAL UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE Congress “Bridges in the World Heritage” IMPRINT LEGAL NOTICE: The editors refuse any responsibility for the material which was provided by the author of the report for publishing in this volume. These reports may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form without permission. Editors: michael kloos.planning and heritage consultancy Baharak Seyedashrafi | Architect and Cultural Heritage Specialist M.A. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Kloos | Architect and Urban Planner AKNW / SRL Lothringerstraße 95 | 52070 Aachen, Germany Tel. +49 (0) 241 199 288 0 [email protected] www.michaelkloos.de Büro für Industriearchäologie Dipl.-Ing. Rolf Höhmann Annastraße 26A | 64285 Darmstadt, Germany Tel. +49 (0) 6151 - 25975 [email protected] Project Management „Serial Transnational World Heritage“ Müngsten Bridge: Dipl.-Ing. Bauassessor Carsten Zimmermann Klingenstadt Solingen Büro Oberbürgermeister Abteilungsleiter Strategische Planung Tel. +49 (0) 212 290 - 3407 E-Mail: [email protected] Conception: Klingenstadt Solingen Büro Oberbürgermeister Abteilung Strategische Planung Rathausplatz 1, 42651 Solingen Co-organizers: International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (TICCIH) Layout: Klingenstadt Solingen, Mediengestaltung Rathausplatz 1, 42651 Solingen Print: TABLE OF CONTENT WELCOMING WORDS Preface of the three German mayors .............................................................................................................................................5 Preface ICOMOS ................................................................................................................................................................................6 Opening Address of the German TICCIH National Committee .....................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION The Planned Serial Nomination of Five Grand-scale Arch Bridges for the UNESCO World Heritage List ....................................9 Aims of the congress and memorandum of understanding .......................................................................................................11 CHAPTER 1: BRIDGES AS UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTIES How to Become a World Heritage Bridge: Important Lessons Learned from The Forth Bridge’s Successful Nomination .........................................................................14 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Categories of Bridges .....................................................................................................................................................................22 Bridges in the World Heritage: Nominations, Listings and Proposals of Bridges in the World Heritage List ..................................................................................................................29 CHAPTER 3: POTENTIAL SERIAL WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTIES Maria Pia and Luiz I; Two Iron Arch Bridges over the River Douro.............................................................................................38 Eiffel Twin Bridges: Maria Pia and Garabit Viaducts ...................................................................................................................43 The San Michele Bridge (1889): Historic Background, Recent Assessment, and Monitoring, Future Prospects ........................................................................46 The Truss Arch Bridge of Müngsten in the Context of the 19th Century Bridge Engineering..................................................58 CHAPTER 4: EXCURSE: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VARIOUS ARCH BRIDGES FOR ADJACENT MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS The Müngsten Bridge ‒ a Symbol of Identification in the Tri-city Area of Solingen, Remscheid and Wuppertal .......................................................................................................72 San Michele Bridge – Italy UNESCO World Heritage List Application ........................................................................................77 First World Heritage Congress Documentation – Point of View from France ...........................................................................86 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION Output of the congress and future perspectives for the planned transnational nomination ....................................................88 Appendix .........................................................................................................................................................................................92 First Congress Program ...............................................................................................................................................................92 Speakers and authors .................................................................................................................................................................96 3 WELCOMING WORDS 4 WELCOMING WORDS PREFACE OF THE THREE GERMAN MAYORS Dear fellow citizens, dear congress participants, “Ponte San Michele” bridge in Italy, it reveals a continuous line of development in the construction of grand-scale This year, the Müngsten Bridge shall celebrate its 120th steel arch bridges. It is also a stroke of unbelievable luck anniversary! When it was completed in 1897, it was one that all five bridges have managed to survive fully preser- of the largest and most impressive railway bridges in the ved until this day. For this reason, discussions have been world. To this day, it remains the highest railway bridge held over the past years to nominate them jointly as a Se- in Germany. rial Transnational Site for the UNESCO World Heritage List. The Müngsten Bridge is considered a masterpiece of civil The 120th anniversary is an occasion for the cities of engineering. New technologies were applied for the very Solingen, Remscheid, and Wuppertal to organise a spe- first time to overcome the challenge of bridging the cialist conference. The aim is to determine which bridges Wupper. During this process, the preliminary frame-less are to be included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. It engineering work was started from both sides so that it shall also assess the chances of them being nominated would meet in the middle – a milestone in engineering, jointly as a Serial Transnational Site. which also marked the dawn of modern bridge civil en- gineering. At that time, the bridge was the pride of an en- In addition, a close network is to be established between tire nation, just as were the grand-scale arch bridges of the various neighbouring cities of the various bridges, our partners and friends from France, Italy, and Portugal. which shall enable and promote the required exchange of expertise and knowledge. This is precisely why we are Even today, the Müngsten Bridge remains an important looking forward to welcoming our guests from France, traffic route in the region. Because of its construction, the Italy, and Portugal. Our meeting is intended to be the start distance required for traveling from Solingen to Remscheid of a close co-operation which shall optimally support both was substantially reduced. In doing this it made a decisive the maintenance of these bridges and the nomination contribution to the industrial development of Solingen, proposal. Remscheid, and Wuppertal. Not for nothing has it persisted as a connecting and an important identifying feature as well We are particularly pleased that we have been able to as a defining landmark for our region. This has also been win over ICOMOS Germany and TICCIH Germany as co- helped by the bridge park, established as part of the 2006 organisers of the conference. We also welcome the many Regionale programme, as will the bridge festival, which experts from Germany and indeed the whole of Europe celebrates the occasion of its 120th anniversary. who shall contribute their expertise. Many thanks for your commitment! Because of its outstanding construction, the Müngsten Bridge is classified as a “monument of national import- We hope that the conference shall enjoy a great deal of ance”. However, it is also of worldwide significance: To- success, and we are sure that the conference and the gether with the two bridges “Maria Pia” and “Dom Luis I” festive evening event shall provide a firm foundation to in Portugal, the “Viaduc du Garabit” in France and the build greater friendships! Tim Kurzbach Burkhard Mast-Weisz Andreas Mucke Mayor of Solingen Mayor of Remscheid Mayor of Wuppertal 5 WELCOMING WORDS PREFACE ICOMOS It is a special pleasure and honour for me to welcome Our thanks are addressed of course also to all our Ger- you all in the name of ICOMOS Germany at the conferen- man colleagues as well as to the experts from Portugal, ce “Bridges in the UNESCO World Heritage” in House France, and Italy, who will present the five huge-arched Müngsten, Solingen, including the thanks to all those bridges today. The publication of the conference results who by their initiative succeeded to organize this first and will become for sure a term of reference for all the future very important working meeting: all the representatives work. Based on my experience over many years in dealing from politics and administration in the cities’ triangle of with WH nominations I have to point out the importance Bergisches Land (Solingen, Remscheid and Wuppertal); and necessity of a scientifically worked out research and the government administration
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